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IUBMB Comments The enzyme produces the non-proteinogenic amino acid L -willardiine, which is naturally found in the plants Acacia willardiana , Mimosa pigra , and Pisum sativum (pea). The enzyme from Pisum species also produces L -isowillardiine. Not identical with EC 2.5.1.47 cysteine synthase.
Synonyms
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EC 4.2.99.16
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formerly
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isowillardiine synthase
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O3-acetyl-L-serine acetate-lyase
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synthase, uracilylalanine
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willardiine synthase
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O-acetyl-L-serine + uracil = 3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine + acetate
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condensing reaction
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MetaCyc
willardiine and isowillardiine biosynthesis
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O3-acetyl-L-serine:uracil 1-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)transferase
The enzyme produces the non-proteinogenic amino acid L-willardiine, which is naturally found in the plants Acacia willardiana, Mimosa pigra, and Pisum sativum (pea). The enzyme from Pisum species also produces L-isowillardiine. Not identical with EC 2.5.1.47 cysteine synthase.
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2 O3-acetyl-L-serine + 2 uracil
3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine + 3-(uracil-3-yl)-L-alanine + 2 acetate
2 O3-acetyl-L-serine + 2 uracil
3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine + 3-(uracil-3-yl)-L-alanine + 2 acetate
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Substrates: -
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2 O3-acetyl-L-serine + 2 uracil
3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine + 3-(uracil-3-yl)-L-alanine + 2 acetate
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Substrates: -
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2 O3-acetyl-L-serine + 2 uracil
3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine + 3-(uracil-3-yl)-L-alanine + 2 acetate
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Substrates: -
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2 O3-acetyl-L-serine + 2 uracil
3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine + 3-(uracil-3-yl)-L-alanine + 2 acetate
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Substrates: -
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2 O3-acetyl-L-serine + 2 uracil
3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine + 3-(uracil-3-yl)-L-alanine + 2 acetate
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Substrates: highly specific
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2 O3-acetyl-L-serine + 2 uracil
3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine + 3-(uracil-3-yl)-L-alanine + 2 acetate
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Substrates: concentration of uracil at around 13 mM and 35 mM is sufficient to give maximal rates of willardiine and isowillardiine synthesis
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2 O3-acetyl-L-serine + 2 uracil
3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine + 3-(uracil-3-yl)-L-alanine + 2 acetate
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Substrates: involved in biosynthesis of heterocyclic beta-substituted alanines
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2 O3-acetyl-L-serine + 2 uracil
3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine + 3-(uracil-3-yl)-L-alanine + 2 acetate
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Substrates: involved in biosynthesis of heterocyclic beta-substituted alanines
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pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
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pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
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pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
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pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
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pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
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pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
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increases activity
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(2,4-Dihydroxypyrimidin-1-yl)-L-alanine
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i.e. willardiine or 3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine, 30 mM, 84% inhibition of willardiine synthesis and 96% inhibition of isowillardiine synthesis
(2,4-Dihydroxypyrimidin-3-yl)-L-alanine
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i.e. isowillardiine or 3-(uracil-3-yl)-L-alanine, 30 mM produces 75% inhibition of willardiine synthesis and 93% inhibition of synthesis of isowillardiine
PCMB
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0.001 mM, about 90% inhibition
hydroxylamine
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100 mM, complete
hydroxylamine
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100 mM, complete
hydroxylamine
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100 mM, complete
hydroxylamine
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100 mM, complete
hydroxylamine
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100 mM, complete
KCN
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100 mM, complete
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
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activation at 0.06 mg/ml
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
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activation at 0.06 mg/ml
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
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activation at 0.06 mg/ml
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
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activation at 0.06 mg/ml
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
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0.25 mg/ml, 12% inhibition of willardine synthase and 4% inhibition of isowillardine synthase; activation at 0.06 mg/ml
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
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above 0.1 mM
Uracil
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Uracil
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substrate inhibition above 35 mM
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3.3
Uracil
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synthesis of isowillardiine
10
Uracil
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willardiine synthesis
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additional information
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7.8 - 7.9
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7.8 - 7.9
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O-acetylserine undergoes rapid O-acetyl-/N-acetyl shift above pH 8
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7.5 - 8.2
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about half-maximal activity at pH 7.5 and 8.2
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brenda
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no activity in Citrullus vulgaris
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no activity in Fagus japonica
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no activity in Lupinus luteus
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pea, cv. Meteor
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brenda
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activity increases during 3-8 days growth. No activity in extracts of 1-day-old seedlings
brenda
Highest Expressing Human Cell Lines
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40 - 50
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2 min, slow decrease of activity
50 - 60
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2 min, rapid decrease of activity
70
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2 min, all activity ceased
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4°C, partially purified enzyme preparation, 30% loss of activity within 24 h, complete inactivation after 48 h
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liquid N2, crude enzyme preparation, in 3 M ammonium sulfate, 30% loss of activity within 8 weeks, beyond 8 weeks rapid decline of activity
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Murakoshi, I.; Ikegami, F.; Ookawa, N.; Ariki, T.; Haginawa, J.; Kuo, Y.H.; Lambein, F.
Biosynthesis of the uraclylalanine willdardiine and isowillardiine in higher plants
Phytochemistry
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1571-1576
1978
Albizia julibrissin, Fagus crenata, Lathyrus odoratus, Leucaena leucocephala, no activity in Citrullus vulgaris, no activity in Fagus japonica, no activity in Lupinus luteus, Pisum sativum
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brenda
Ahmmad, M.A.S.; Maskall, C.S.; Brown, E.G.
Partial purification and properties of willardiine and isowillardiine synthase activity from Pisum sativum
Phytochemistry
23
265-270
1984
Pisum sativum
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brenda
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