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(R)-ibuprofen + NADPH + ATP
(2R)-2-(4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl)propanal + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
alpha-ketoglutaric acid + NADPH + ATP
? + NADP+ + AMP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
aromatic acids + NADPH + ATP
aromatic aldehydes + NADP+ + AMP + diphosphate + H2O
aromatic acids + NADPH + ATP
aromatic aldehydes + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
benzoate + NADPH + ATP
benzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + phosphate
benzoic acid + ATP + NADPH + H+
benzaldehyde + AMP + diphosphate + NADP+
highest turnover number
-
-
?
benzoic acid + NADPH + ATP
benzaldehyde + benzyl alcohol + NADP+ + AMP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
benzoic acid + NADPH + ATP
benzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
butyric acid + ATP + NADPH + H+
butyraldehyde + AMP + diphosphate + NADP+
-
highest Km value
-
?
caffeic acid + NADPH + ATP
3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-al + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
capric acid + ATP + NADPH + H+
capraldehyde + AMP + diphosphate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
caproic acid + ATP + NADPH + H+
caproaldehyde + AMP + diphosphate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
caprylic acid + ATP + NADPH + H+
caprylaldehyde + AMP + diphosphate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
cinnamic acid + NADPH + ATP
3-phenyl-2-propen-1-al + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
cis-aconitic acid + NADPH + ATP
? + NADP+ + AMP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
citric acid + NADPH + ATP
? + NADP+ + AMP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
coniferic acid + NADPH + ATP
coniferyl aldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
D-malic acid + NADPH + ATP
? + NADP+ + AMP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
DL-malic acid + NADPH + ATP
? + NADP+ + AMP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
fatty acid + ATP + NADPH + H+
fatty aldehyde + AMP + diphosphate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
ferulic acid + NADPH + ATP
3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-al + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
ferulic acid + NADPH + ATP
ferulic acid + coniferyl aldehyde + coniferyl alcohol + NADP+ + AMP + phosphate
not completely reduced
-
-
?
ibuprofen + NADPH + ATP
2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propanal + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
L-malic acid + NADPH + ATP
? + NADP+ + AMP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
lauric acid + ATP + NADPH + H+
lauraldehyde + AMP + diphosphate + NADP+
highest catalytic efficiency
-
-
?
m-coumaric acid + NADPH + ATP
3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-al + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
m-hydroxybenzoic acid + NADPH + ATP
m-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
o-coumaric acid + NADPH + ATP
3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-al + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
p-anisic acid + NADPH + ATP
p-methoxybenzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
p-coumaric acid + NADPH + ATP
3-(4-hydroxphenyl)-2-propen-1-al + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
p-hydroxybenzoic acid + NADPH + ATP
p-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
salicylic acid + NADPH + ATP
salicyl aldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
sinapic acid + NADPH + ATP
3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-al + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
trans-aconitic acid + NADPH + ATP
? + NADP+ + AMP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
vanillic acid + NADPH + ATP
4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
vanillic acid + NADPH + ATP
vanillin + NADP+ + AMP + phosphate
vanillic acid + NADPH + ATP
vanillin + vanillyl alcohol + NADP+ + AMP + phosphate
-
with Escherichia coli BL21-CodonPlus(DE3)-RP/pPV2.83, in which recombinant Npt is expressed along with recombinant car, vanillic acid is reduced to vanillin and vanillyl alcohol, with vanillin (80%) as the major product. Escherichia coli BL21-CodonPlus(DE3)-RP/pHAT305 (expressing only recombinant Car) reduce only 50% of the vanillic acid starting material, with vanillyl alcohol being the major metabolite. With Escherichia coli BL21-CodonPlus(DE3)-RP/pPV2.83, in which recombinant car is presumed to be in the fully active, phosphopantetheinylated holo form, the rate of reduction of vanillic acid is much faster than that of vanillin to vanillyl alcohol by endogenous Escherichia coli aldehyde dehydrogenase
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
(R)-ibuprofen + NADPH + ATP

(2R)-2-(4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl)propanal + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
Nocadia sp.
-
-
-
?
(R)-ibuprofen + NADPH + ATP
(2R)-2-(4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl)propanal + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
Nocadia sp. NRRL 5646
-
-
-
?
aromatic acids + NADPH + ATP

aromatic aldehydes + NADP+ + AMP + diphosphate + H2O
-
-
-
?
aromatic acids + NADPH + ATP
aromatic aldehydes + NADP+ + AMP + diphosphate + H2O
-
-
-
?
aromatic acids + NADPH + ATP
aromatic aldehydes + NADP+ + AMP + diphosphate + H2O
-
-
-
ir
aromatic acids + NADPH + ATP
aromatic aldehydes + NADP+ + AMP + diphosphate + H2O
-
-
-
ir
aromatic acids + NADPH + ATP
aromatic aldehydes + NADP+ + AMP + diphosphate + H2O
-
-
-
r
aromatic acids + NADPH + ATP
aromatic aldehydes + NADP+ + AMP + diphosphate + H2O
-
-
-
r
aromatic acids + NADPH + ATP
aromatic aldehydes + NADP+ + AMP + diphosphate + H2O
Nocadia sp.
-
-
-
ir
aromatic acids + NADPH + ATP
aromatic aldehydes + NADP+ + AMP + diphosphate + H2O
Nocadia sp. NRRL 5646
-
-
-
ir
aromatic acids + NADPH + ATP
aromatic aldehydes + NADP+ + AMP + diphosphate + H2O
-
-
-
?
aromatic acids + NADPH + ATP
aromatic aldehydes + NADP+ + AMP + diphosphate + H2O
-
-
-
?
aromatic acids + NADPH + ATP

aromatic aldehydes + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
-
aromatic acids + NADPH + ATP
aromatic aldehydes + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
-
aromatic acids + NADPH + ATP
aromatic aldehydes + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
-
aromatic acids + NADPH + ATP
aromatic aldehydes + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
-
aromatic acids + NADPH + ATP
aromatic aldehydes + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
-
aromatic acids + NADPH + ATP
aromatic aldehydes + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
-
aromatic acids + NADPH + ATP
aromatic aldehydes + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
-
aromatic acids + NADPH + ATP
aromatic aldehydes + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
-
benzoate + NADPH + ATP

benzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
benzoate + NADPH + ATP
benzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + phosphate
best substrate
-
-
?
benzoic acid + NADPH + ATP

benzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
benzoic acid + NADPH + ATP
benzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
benzoic acid + NADPH + ATP
benzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
rate relative to salycilate 286%
-
?
benzoic acid + NADPH + ATP
benzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
the reaction proceeds via benzoyladenosine 5'-monophosphate which is further reduced by NADPH to benzaldehyde
-
?
benzoic acid + NADPH + ATP
benzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
Nocadia sp.
-
the reaction proceeds via benzoyladenosine 5'-monophosphate which is further reduced by NADPH to benzaldehyde
-
?
benzoic acid + NADPH + ATP
benzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
Nocadia sp. NRRL 5646
-
the reaction proceeds via benzoyladenosine 5'-monophosphate which is further reduced by NADPH to benzaldehyde
-
?
benzoic acid + NADPH + ATP
benzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
benzoic acid + NADPH + ATP
benzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
cinnamic acid + NADPH + ATP

3-phenyl-2-propen-1-al + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
cinnamic acid + NADPH + ATP
3-phenyl-2-propen-1-al + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
cinnamic acid + NADPH + ATP
3-phenyl-2-propen-1-al + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
ibuprofen + NADPH + ATP

2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propanal + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
Nocadia sp.
-
-
-
?
ibuprofen + NADPH + ATP
2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propanal + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
Nocadia sp. NRRL 5646
-
-
-
?
m-coumaric acid + NADPH + ATP

3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-al + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
m-coumaric acid + NADPH + ATP
3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-al + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
m-hydroxybenzoic acid + NADPH + ATP

m-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
m-hydroxybenzoic acid + NADPH + ATP
m-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
o-coumaric acid + NADPH + ATP

3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-al + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
o-coumaric acid + NADPH + ATP
3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-al + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
p-anisic acid + NADPH + ATP

p-methoxybenzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
p-anisic acid + NADPH + ATP
p-methoxybenzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
p-coumaric acid + NADPH + ATP

3-(4-hydroxphenyl)-2-propen-1-al + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
p-coumaric acid + NADPH + ATP
3-(4-hydroxphenyl)-2-propen-1-al + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
p-coumaric acid + NADPH + ATP
3-(4-hydroxphenyl)-2-propen-1-al + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
p-hydroxybenzoic acid + NADPH + ATP

p-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
p-hydroxybenzoic acid + NADPH + ATP
p-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
salicylic acid + NADPH + ATP

salicyl aldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
salicylic acid + NADPH + ATP
salicyl aldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
rate relative to benzoate 9%
-
?
vanillic acid + NADPH + ATP

4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
vanillic acid + NADPH + ATP
4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + H2O
-
-
-
?
vanillic acid + NADPH + ATP

vanillin + NADP+ + AMP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
vanillic acid + NADPH + ATP
vanillin + NADP+ + AMP + phosphate
-
-
-
?
additional information

?
-
Nocadia sp.
-
other substrates are phenyl-substituted aliphatic acids, heterocyclic carboxylic acids, polyaromatic ring carboxylic acids, ibuprofen and its (R)-(-) isomer
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Nocadia sp. NRRL 5646
-
other substrates are phenyl-substituted aliphatic acids, heterocyclic carboxylic acids, polyaromatic ring carboxylic acids, ibuprofen and its (R)-(-) isomer
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
pyruvic, isocitric acid, fumaric acid and maleic acid are not substrates for the enzyme
-
-
-
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Kato, N.; Konishi, H.; Masuda, M.; Joung, E.H.; Shimao, M.; Sakazawa, C.
Reductive transformation of benzoate by Nocardia asteroides and hormoconis resinae
J. Ferment. Bioeng.
69
220-223
1990
Amorphotheca resinae, Amorphotheca resinae F328, Nocardia asteroides, Nocardia asteroides JCM 3016
-
brenda
Gross, G.G.
Formation and reduction of intermediate acyladenylate by aryl-aldehyde. NADP oxidoreductase from Neurospora crassa
Eur. J. Biochem.
31
585-592
1972
Neurospora crassa
brenda
Gross, G.G.
Stoichiometric studies on aryl-aldehyde: NADP oxidoreductase from Neurospra crassa
FEBS Lett.
17
309-311
1971
Neurospora crassa
brenda
Gross, G.G.; Zenk, M.H.
Reduction of aromatic acids to aldehydes and alcohols in the cell-free system. 1. Purification and properties of aryl-aldehyde: NADP-oxidoreductase from Neurospora crassa
Eur. J. Biochem.
8
413-419
1969
Neurospora crassa
brenda
Gross, G.G.; Bolkart, K.H.; Zenk, M.H.
Reduction of cinnamic acid to cinnamaldehyde and alcohol
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
32
173-178
1968
Neurospora crassa
brenda
Li, T.; Rosazza, J.P.N.
Purification, characterization, and properties of an aryl aldehyde oxidoreductase from Nocardia sp. strain NRRL 5646
J. Bacteriol.
179
3482-3487
1997
Nocadia sp., Nocadia sp. NRRL 5646
brenda
He, A.; Li, T.; Daniels, L.; Fotheringham, I.; Rosazza, J.P.N.
Nocardia sp. carboxylic acid reductase: cloning, expression, and characterization of a new aldehyde oxidoreductase family
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
70
1874-1881
2004
Nocardia sp. (Q6RKB1)
brenda
Venkitasubramanian, P.; Daniels, L.; Das, S.; Lamm, A.S.; Rosazza, J.P.
Aldehyde oxidoreductase as a biocatalyst: Reductions of vanillic acid
Enzyme Microb. Technol.
42
130-137
2008
Nocardia iowensis (Q6RKB1)
brenda
Venkitasubramanian, P.; Daniels, L.; Rosazza, J.P.
Reduction of carboxylic acids by Nocardia aldehyde oxidoreductase requires a phosphopantetheinylated enzyme
J. Biol. Chem.
282
478-485
2007
Nocardia iowensis
brenda
Akhtar, M.K.; Turner, N.J.; Jones, P.R.
Carboxylic acid reductase is a versatile enzyme for the conversion of fatty acids into fuels and chemical commodities
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
110
87-92
2013
Mycobacterium marinum (B2HN69)
brenda