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2,4-dimethylcinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
2,4-dimethylcinnamaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
2-propanol + NADP+
? + NADPH + H+
-
2-propanol can be also used in the cofactor recycling catalytic system as co-solvent like ethanol, but at the same time cinnamaldehyde conversion is lower (85%) and cinnamyl alcohol production is accordingly lower
-
-
?
3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
3,4-dimethoxycinnamaldehyde + NADPH
3,4-methylenedioxycinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
3,4-methylenedioxycinnamaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
3-methoxybenzylalcohol + NADP+
3-methoxybenzaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
3-phenyl-1-propanol + NAD+
3-phenylpropanal + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
4-bromocinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
4-bromocinnamaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
4-chlorocinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
4-chlorocinnamaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
4-coumaraldehyde + NADPH + H+
4-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
4-coumaric aldehyde + NADPH + H+
4-coumaric alcohol + NADP+
4-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
4-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
4-coumarylaldehyde + NADPH + H+
4-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
4-methoxybenzylalcohol + NADP+
4-methoxybenzaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
4-methoxycinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
4-methoxycinnamaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
4-methylcinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
4-methylcinnamaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxyconiferyl aldehyde + NADP+
5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol + NADPH + H+
very low activity
-
-
?
5-hydroxyconiferyl aldehyde + NADPH
5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
5-hydroxyconiferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
5-hydroxyconiferylaldehyde + NADP+
5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol + NADPH + H+
very low activity
-
-
?
5-hydroxyconiferylaldehyde + NADPH + H+
5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol + NADP+
lowest catalytic efficiency
-
-
?
allyl alcohol + NAD+
prop-2-enal + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
artemisinic aldehyde + NADPH + H+
artemisinic alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + NADP+
benzoic acid + NADPH
-
the enzyme also shows dismutase activity
-
-
?
benzyl alcohol + NADP+
benzaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
benzyl alcohol + NADP+
benzaldehyde + NADPH + H+
benzyl alcohol + NADP+
benzylaldehyde + NADPH + H+
slight activity
-
-
r
benzylalcohol + NADP+
benzaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
butanol + NADP+
butyraldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
caffeoyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
caffeoyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
caffeyl aldehyde + NADPH
caffeyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
caffeylaldehyde + NADP+
caffeyl alcohol + NADPH + H+
low activity
-
-
?
caffeylaldehyde + NADPH + H+
caffeyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + NADH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NAD+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamyl alcohol + NAD+
cinnamaldehyde + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferaldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH
coniferol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
coumaraldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
ethanol + NADP+
acetaldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaraldehyde + NADPH
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
p-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumarylaldehyde + NADPH + H+
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
propanol + NADP+
propionaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
sinapaldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapaldehyde + NADPH
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapylaldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
additional information
?
-
3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol + NADP+

3,4-dimethoxycinnamaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
3,4-dimethoxycinnamaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
r
3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
3,4-dimethoxycinnamaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
4-coumaric aldehyde + NADPH + H+

4-coumaric alcohol + NADP+
Erianthus sp. IK 76-81
-
-
-
-
?
4-coumaric aldehyde + NADPH + H+
4-coumaric alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
4-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+

4-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
4-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
4-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
4-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
4-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
4-coumarylaldehyde + NADPH + H+

4-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
catalytic preference for 4-coumaraldehyde
-
-
?
4-coumarylaldehyde + NADPH + H+
4-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
high catalytic efficiency
-
-
?
benzyl alcohol + NADP+

benzaldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
benzyl alcohol + NADP+
benzaldehyde + NADPH + H+
CAD4 displays slight activity for benzoyl alcohol
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + NADH + H+

cinnamyl alcohol + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + NADH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NAD+
-
-
-
-
r
cinnamaldehyde + NADH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NAD+
-
cofactor recycling catalytic system in which ADH reduces cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol (oxidizing NADH to NAD+). THe NAD+ produced is then recycled by ADH at expense of ethanol, which acts as co-solvent for both substrate and product, and is present in large excess to force the whole process toward cinnamaldehyde reduction. Also, elimination of the obtained dehydrogenation product acetaldehyde drives cinnamaldehyde reduction toward completion. 1-2 mM is the ideal starting cinnamaldehyde concentration
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + NADH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NAD+
-
-
-
-
r
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH

cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
involved in lignin biosynthesis
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+

cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+

cinnamaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
r
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+

cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
100% activity with 1 mM cinnamyl alcohol, 116% activity with 10 mM cinnamyl alcohol, reaction catalyzed by unspecific alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1)
61% activity with 0.1 mM cinnamaldehyde, 7% activity with 1 mM cinnamaldehyde
-
r
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+

cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH
-
the enzyme is involved in lignin synthesis and increases concomitantly with cell differentiation
-
-
?
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+

cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
Erianthus sp. IK 76-81
-
-
-
-
?
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
coniferaldehyde + NADPH + H+

coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
coniferaldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
favourite substrate
-
-
?
coniferaldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
isoform CAD3 has a higher binding preference with coniferaldehyde over sinapaldehyde, followed by isoforms CAD4, CAD2, and CAD1, respectively
-
-
?
coniferaldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+

coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol is converted into its corresponding aldehyde during lignin biosynthesis
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
Eucalyptus sp.
-
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
Bmr6 displays significantly greater activity in comparison to CAD4. Activity of Bmr6 is 2.5- and 34fold higher than CAD4 for coniferyl and sinapyl aldehyde, respectively
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
Bmr6 displays significantly greater activity in comparison to CAD4. Bmr6 activity is 2.2- and 2.6-fold greater respectively, when coumaryl and sinapyl alcohols are used as substrates. Activity of Bmr6 is 2.5- and 34fold higher than CAD4 for coniferyl and sinapyl aldehyde, respectively
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
Bmr6 activity is 2.2- and 2.6fold greater respectively, when coumaryl and sinapyl alcohols are used as substrates compared to coniferyl alcohol as a substrate
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH

coniferol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH
coniferol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH

coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
CAD1 and CAD2 are involved in biosynthesis of coniferyl alcohol in Nicotiana tabacum
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
recombinant enzyme encoded by gene GH2
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+

coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
Erianthus sp. IK 76-81
-
-
-
-
?
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
the forward reaction is the physiological reaction
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
?
-
?
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
best substrate
-
-
?
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
low activity
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
?
-
?
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
best substrate
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
Brm6 has higher activities for the coniferyl and sinapyl aldehydes in comparison to the corresponding alcohols
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
best substrate
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
?
-
?
coumaryl alcohol + NADP+

coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
Bmr6 displays significantly greater activity in comparison to CAD4
-
-
?
coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
Bmr6 activity is 2.2- and 2.6fold greater respectively, when coumaryl and sinapyl alcohols are used as substrates compared to coniferyl alcohol as a substrate
-
-
r
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+

p-coumaraldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaraldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaraldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
r
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaraldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaraldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
r
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaraldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaraldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaraldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaraldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaraldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+

p-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
p-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+

p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
p-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
p-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
sinapaldehyde + NADPH + H+

sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
sinapaldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+

sinapaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapaldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapaldehyde + NADPH
-
only CAD-C isoform
-
-
?
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+

sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
Bmr6 displays significantly greater activity in comparison to CAD4
-
-
?
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
Bmr6 activity is 2.2- and 2.6fold greater respectively, when coumaryl and sinapyl alcohols are used as substrates compared to coniferyl alcohol as a substrate
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+

sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
preferred substrate
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
recombinant enzyme encoded by gene GH2
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
?
-
?
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
low activity
-
-
?
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
very low activity
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
Brm6 has higher activities for the coniferyl and sinapyl aldehydes in comparison to the corresponding alcohols
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
sinapylaldehyde + NADPH + H+

sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
sinapylaldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
additional information

?
-
-
32 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding region of CAD, whereby 12 are nonsynonymous mutations and 20 are synonymous mutations. 11 and three synonymous mutations are detected in Acacia auriculiformis A3 x Acacia mangium M22 and Acacia auriculiformis A6 x Acacia mangium M20 parental combination, respectively. The synonymous mutations detected are 20 in both genes. The high occurences of single nucleotide polymorphisms are possible because the plant has to adopt physiologically to a variety of unpredictable environmental conditions
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
32 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding region of CAD, whereby 12 are nonsynonymous mutations and 20 are synonymous mutations. 11 and three synonymous mutations are detected in Acacia auriculiformis A3 x Acacia mangium M22 and Acacia auriculiformis A6 x Acacia mangium M20 parental combination, respectively. The synonymous mutations detected are 20 in both genes. The high occurences of single nucleotide polymorphisms are possible because the plant has to adopt physiologically to a variety of unpredictable environmental conditions
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
role of the enzyme in lignin biosynthesis and structure formation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is involved in cell wall biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid pathway from phenylalanine to monolignols, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in cell wall biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid pathway from phenylalanine to monolignols, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate specificity of isozyme CAD4
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate specificity of isozyme CAD4
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity of isozyme CAD4
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate specificity of isozyme CAD5
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate specificity of isozyme CAD5
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity of isozyme CAD5
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substituted and unsubstituted benzaldehydes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme involved in lignification in vascular plants
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
not: methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, geraniol, various aromatic alcohols (e.g. salicyl alcohol, vanillyl alcohol, piperonyl alcohol)
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
coniferylaldehyde and sinapylaldehyde are the preferred substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
coniferylaldehyde and sinapylaldehyde are the preferred substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with methanol and ethanol as alcoholic substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme shows broad substrate specificity, LlCAD2 shows significant activity against cinnamyl substrates, but is almost inactive against aliphatic and other benzyl compounds. Possible involvement of histidine at the active site. Low activity with benzaldehyde, anisaldehyde, vanillin, and syringaldehyde. No or very poor activity with formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and butryaldehyde
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme shows broad substrate specificity, LlCAD2 shows significant activity against cinnamyl substrates, but is almost inactive against aliphatic and other benzyl compounds. Possible involvement of histidine at the active site. Low activity with benzaldehyde, anisaldehyde, vanillin, and syringaldehyde. No or very poor activity with formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and butryaldehyde
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is involved in moolignol and lignan biosynthesis, phenolic compound spectrum in control and elicited cells, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in moolignol and lignan biosynthesis, phenolic compound spectrum in control and elicited cells, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme Mt-CAD2 shows low activity with all substrates and compared to the activities of Mt-CAD1, substrate binding and specificity of Mt-CAD2, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mo activity with sinapyl aldehyde
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mo activity with sinapyl aldehyde
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
mo activity with sinapyl aldehyde
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with sinapaldehyde
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with sinapaldehyde
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with sinapaldehyde
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
gene GH2 encodes a multifunctional enzyme
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
FC1 plays an important role in the biosynthesis of lignin and the control of culm strength in rice, especially in the first internodes, and FC1 deficiency in the first internodes is the main cause of the lodging trait in fc1 plants. FC1 mutant exhibits an abnormal development phenotype, including late heading time, semi-dwarf habit, and causes a reduction in cell wall thickness, as well as a decrease in lignin. Extracts from the first internodes and panicles of FC1 plants exhibit drastically reduced cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Overexpression of FC1 does not affect the cell wall composition
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
not: sinapaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, 2-methoxybenzaldehyde, mannose, acetaldehyde
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
final step in a branch of phenylpropanoid synthesis specific for production of lignin monomers
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
beta-glucuronidase expression driven by the CAD promoter is wound-inducible
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
beta-glucuronidase expression driven by the CAD promoter is wound-inducible
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
liginification and lignin topochemistry indifferent samples, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of monolignols, it is not rate-limiting for lignin production under physiologic conditions
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
PtoCAD3 has poor affinity for both substrates and is active only at high substrate concentrations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
KJ159967
PtoCAD3 has poor affinity for both substrates and is active only at high substrate concentrations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
PtoCAD3 has poor affinity for both substrates and is active only at high substrate concentrations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
PtoCAD3 has poor affinity for both substrates and is active only at high substrate concentrations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
PtoCAD3 has poor affinity for both substrates and is active only at high substrate concentrations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
PtoCAD3 has poor affinity for both substrates and is active only at high substrate concentrations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
PtoCAD3 has poor affinity for both substrates and is active only at high substrate concentrations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
PtoCAD3 has poor affinity for both substrates and is active only at high substrate concentrations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
PtoCAD3 has poor affinity for both substrates and is active only at high substrate concentrations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
PtoCAD3 has poor affinity for both substrates and is active only at high substrate concentrations
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
CAD4 and CAD10 possess transcription factor binding motifs involved in development and in response to various stresses. CAD1, CAD2, CAD10, and CAD11 possess promoter motifs involved in the response to fungal elicitors. CAD2, CAD4, CAD5, CAD7, CAD9, rCAD10 and CAD16 possess motifs involved in response to wounding, herbivore stress, as well as other stresses
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
a C-to-T transition mutation is present in bmr6 but not in any wild-type sequence. This mutation changes amino acid 132 of the protein from Gln (CAG) to a stop codon (UAG). The bmr6 sequence encodes a predicted truncated protein that lacks the nucleotide binding (NADPH) and C-terminal catalytic domains, thus bmr6 is presumably a null allele. No activity with caffeoyl alcohol and benzoyl alcohol
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
a C-to-T transition mutation is present in bmr6 but not in any wild-type sequence. This mutation changes amino acid 132 of the protein from Gln (CAG) to a stop codon (UAG). The bmr6 sequence encodes a predicted truncated protein that lacks the nucleotide binding (NADPH) and C-terminal catalytic domains, thus bmr6 is presumably a null allele. No activity with caffeoyl alcohol and benzoyl alcohol
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
a C-to-T transition mutation is present in bmr6 but not in any wild-type sequence. This mutation changes amino acid 132 of the protein from Gln (CAG) to a stop codon (UAG). The bmr6 sequence encodes a predicted truncated protein that lacks the nucleotide binding (NADPH) and C-terminal catalytic domains, thus bmr6 is presumably a null allele. No activity with caffeoyl alcohol and benzoyl alcohol
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
CAD4 expression is significantly increased in bmr6 and bmr6 bmr12 plants relative to the wild-type and bmr12, 5- and 2.5fold, respectively, which may highlight a compensatory mechanism for loss of CAD activity in bmr6. No activity with caffeoyl alcohol
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
CAD4 expression is significantly increased in bmr6 and bmr6 bmr12 plants relative to the wild-type and bmr12, 5- and 2.5fold, respectively, which may highlight a compensatory mechanism for loss of CAD activity in bmr6. No activity with caffeoyl alcohol
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
CAD4 expression is significantly increased in bmr6 and bmr6 bmr12 plants relative to the wild-type and bmr12, 5- and 2.5fold, respectively, which may highlight a compensatory mechanism for loss of CAD activity in bmr6. No activity with caffeoyl alcohol
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
CAD is one of the enzymes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, which is critically important for host defence against both appropriate and inappropriate pathogen invasion in wheat
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme of lignification
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
4-coumaric aldehyde + NADPH + H+
4-coumaric alcohol + NADP+
artemisinic aldehyde + NADPH + H+
artemisinic alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + NADH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NAD+
-
-
-
-
r
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamyl alcohol + NAD+
cinnamaldehyde + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferaldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
isoform CAD3 has a higher binding preference with coniferaldehyde over sinapaldehyde, followed by isoforms CAD4, CAD2, and CAD1, respectively
-
-
?
coniferol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapaldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
additional information
?
-
4-coumaric aldehyde + NADPH + H+

4-coumaric alcohol + NADP+
Erianthus sp. IK 76-81
-
-
-
-
?
4-coumaric aldehyde + NADPH + H+
4-coumaric alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH

cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
involved in lignin biosynthesis
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+

cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+

cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+

cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH
-
the enzyme is involved in lignin synthesis and increases concomitantly with cell differentiation
-
-
?
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+

cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
Erianthus sp. IK 76-81
-
-
-
-
?
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
cinnamyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+

coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol is converted into its corresponding aldehyde during lignin biosynthesis
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH

coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
CAD1 and CAD2 are involved in biosynthesis of coniferyl alcohol in Nicotiana tabacum
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+

coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
Erianthus sp. IK 76-81
-
-
-
-
?
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
the forward reaction is the physiological reaction
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
low activity
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
coniferyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
?
-
?
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+

p-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
p-coumaryl alcohol + NADP+
p-coumaryl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+

sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+

sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
very low activity
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
sinapyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+
sinapyl alcohol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
additional information

?
-
role of the enzyme in lignin biosynthesis and structure formation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is involved in cell wall biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid pathway from phenylalanine to monolignols, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in cell wall biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid pathway from phenylalanine to monolignols, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme involved in lignification in vascular plants
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is involved in moolignol and lignan biosynthesis, phenolic compound spectrum in control and elicited cells, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in moolignol and lignan biosynthesis, phenolic compound spectrum in control and elicited cells, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
final step in a branch of phenylpropanoid synthesis specific for production of lignin monomers
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
liginification and lignin topochemistry indifferent samples, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of monolignols, it is not rate-limiting for lignin production under physiologic conditions
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
one of the regulating enzymes which controls the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme of lignification
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?
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0.036
3,4-dimethoxy-cinnamyl alcohol
-
-
0.0069 - 0.043
3,4-dimethoxycinnamaldehyde
0.022
3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol
-
-
0.106
3-Methoxybenzaldehyde
-
-
0.96
3-Phenyl-1-propanol
-
pH 8.0, 30°C
0.013 - 0.117
4-coumaraldehyde
0.00266 - 7.97
4-coumaryl aldehyde
0.0382 - 0.1122
4-coumarylaldehyde
-
0.13
4-methoxybenzaldehyde
-
-
0.034
4-methoxycinnamyl alcohol
-
-
0.0244
5-hydroxyconiferyl aldehyde
pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.09318 - 0.152
5-hydroxyconiferylaldehyde
0.04
acetaldehyde
-
pH 7.5, 37°C, recombinant enzyme
0.5
allyl alcohol
-
pH 8.0, 30°C
0.41 - 2.6
benzyl alcohol
9
butanol
-
pH 7.5, 37°C, recombinant enzyme
0.0891
caffeoyl aldehyde
pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.06592 - 0.09463
caffeylaldehyde
0.0015 - 0.92
cinnamaldehyde
0.0038 - 0.27
cinnamyl alcohol
0.005 - 0.02825
cinnamyl aldehyde
0.00077 - 0.1136
coniferaldehyde
0.00098 - 0.677
coniferyl alcohol
0.0018 - 9.17
coniferyl aldehyde
0.0042
coumaryl alcohol
pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
46
ethanol
-
pH 7.5, 37°C, recombinant enzyme
0.0012 - 0.03
p-coumaraldehyde
0.034 - 0.283
p-coumaryl alcohol
0.0035 - 0.0272
p-coumaryl aldehyde
13
Propanol
-
pH 7.5, 37°C, recombinant enzyme
0.0043 - 0.2082
sinapaldehyde
0.0062 - 0.56
sinapyl alcohol
0.00194 - 5.52
sinapyl aldehyde
additional information
additional information
-
0.0069
3,4-dimethoxycinnamaldehyde

-
-
0.043
3,4-dimethoxycinnamaldehyde
-
-
0.013
4-coumaraldehyde

wild-type, 30°C, pH not specified in the publication
0.036
4-coumaraldehyde
mutant D57A, 30°C, pH not specified in the publication
0.048
4-coumaraldehyde
-
-
0.114
4-coumaraldehyde
mutant T49A, 30°C, pH not specified in the publication
0.117
4-coumaraldehyde
mutant H52A, 30°C, pH not specified in the publication
0.00266
4-coumaryl aldehyde

isoform CAD7, at pH 6.3 and 30°C
0.00936
4-coumaryl aldehyde
isoform CAD2, at pH 6.3 and 30°C
0.01088
4-coumaryl aldehyde
isoform CAD6, at pH 6.3 and 30°C
0.01105
4-coumaryl aldehyde
at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.06975
4-coumaryl aldehyde
wild type isoform CAD2, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
0.0809
4-coumaryl aldehyde
isoform CAD4 mutant L119W/G301F, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
0.268
4-coumaryl aldehyde
isoform CAD4 mutant G301F, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
2.12
4-coumaryl aldehyde
isoform CAD4 mutant L119W, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
4.18
4-coumaryl aldehyde
isoform CAD4 mutant Y288P, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
4.63
4-coumaryl aldehyde
wild type isoform CAD4, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
6.88
4-coumaryl aldehyde
isoform CAD4 mutant Y95V, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
7.1
4-coumaryl aldehyde
isoform CAD4 mutant W58L, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
7.97
4-coumaryl aldehyde
isoform CAD4 mutant A278V, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
0.0382
4-coumarylaldehyde

isoform CAD2, at pH 6.0 and 25°C
-
0.1122
4-coumarylaldehyde
isoform CAD1, at pH 6.0 and 25°C
-
0.09318
5-hydroxyconiferylaldehyde

isoform CAD1, at pH 6.0 and 25°C
0.152
5-hydroxyconiferylaldehyde
isoform CAD2, at pH 6.0 and 25°C
0.03
benzaldehyde

-
pH 7.5, 37°C, recombinant enzyme
31
benzaldehyde
-
pH 7.5, 37°C, recombinant enzyme, dismutase reaction with NADP+
0.41
benzyl alcohol

-
pH 7.5, 37°C, recombinant enzyme
1
benzyl alcohol
-
CAD1 isoform
1
benzyl alcohol
-
isoform CAD1, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
2.6
benzyl alcohol
-
CAD2 isoform
2.6
benzyl alcohol
-
isoform CAD2, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.06592
caffeylaldehyde

isoform CAD2, at pH 6.0 and 25°C
0.09463
caffeylaldehyde
isoform CAD1, at pH 6.0 and 25°C
0.0015
cinnamaldehyde

-
pH 6.5, 40°C
0.0025
cinnamaldehyde
-
-
0.0053
cinnamaldehyde
-
-
0.0059
cinnamaldehyde
pH 6.5, 40°C
0.01425
cinnamaldehyde
pH 6.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme
0.017
cinnamaldehyde
-
in 30 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0)
0.03
cinnamaldehyde
-
pH 7.5, 50°C
0.92
cinnamaldehyde
-
pH 8.0, 30°C
0.0038
cinnamyl alcohol

-
pH 8.8, 40°C
0.0113
cinnamyl alcohol
pH 8.8, 40°C
0.0122
cinnamyl alcohol
pH 8.8, 37°C
0.026
cinnamyl alcohol
-
-
0.1
cinnamyl alcohol
-
pH 7.5, 37°C, recombinant enzyme
0.11
cinnamyl alcohol
-
pH 8.8, 50°C
0.156
cinnamyl alcohol
-
-
0.17
cinnamyl alcohol
-
pH 8.0, 30°C
0.27
cinnamyl alcohol
-
in 30 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0)
0.005
cinnamyl aldehyde

-
pH 7.5, 37°C, recombinant enzyme
0.0053
cinnamyl aldehyde
isoform CAD2, at pH 6.3 and 30°C
0.01411
cinnamyl aldehyde
isoform CAD7, at pH 6.3 and 30°C
0.02825
cinnamyl aldehyde
isoform CAD6, at pH 6.3 and 30°C
0.00077
coniferaldehyde

-
-
0.0017
coniferaldehyde
-
-
0.0018
coniferaldehyde
-
-
0.0091
coniferaldehyde
-
-
0.012
coniferaldehyde
-
-
0.03115
coniferaldehyde
isoform CAD2, at pH 6.0 and 25°C
0.0369
coniferaldehyde
-
isoform CAD1, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0676
coniferaldehyde
-
isoform CAD3, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0797
coniferaldehyde
-
isoform CAD4, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.08554
coniferaldehyde
isoform CAD1, at pH 6.0 and 25°C
0.1136
coniferaldehyde
-
isoform CAD2, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.00098
coniferyl alcohol

pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.0014
coniferyl alcohol
-
with NADP+
0.005
coniferyl alcohol
-
pH 8.8, 40°C
0.0069
coniferyl alcohol
-
-
0.0075
coniferyl alcohol
-
0.0075
coniferyl alcohol
pH 8.8, temperature not specified in the publication
0.0096
coniferyl alcohol
pH 8.8, 40°C
0.011
coniferyl alcohol
-
-
0.0181
coniferyl alcohol
pH 8.8, 37°C
0.032
coniferyl alcohol
-
-
0.051
coniferyl alcohol
-
purified isoform CAD-C
0.11
coniferyl alcohol
-
pH 7.5, 37°C, recombinant enzyme
0.117
coniferyl alcohol
-
0.117
coniferyl alcohol
pH 8.8, temperature not specified in the publication
0.14
coniferyl alcohol
-
CAD2 isoform
0.241
coniferyl alcohol
-
with NAD+
0.247
coniferyl alcohol
pH 6.25, 30°C, recombinant CAD1-1
0.325
coniferyl alcohol
pH 6.25, 30°C, recombinant CAD1-7
0.414
coniferyl alcohol
-
isoform CAD-B
0.52
coniferyl alcohol
-
CAD1 isoform
0.677
coniferyl alcohol
-
isoform CAD-A
0.0018
coniferyl aldehyde

-
-
0.0025
coniferyl aldehyde
-
CAD2 isoform
0.0037
coniferyl aldehyde
pH 6.5, 40°C
0.0038
coniferyl aldehyde
pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.00437
coniferyl aldehyde
isoform CAD2, at pH 6.3 and 30°C
0.0044
coniferyl aldehyde
-
pH 8.8, 30°C, recombinant enzyme encoded by GH2
0.0045
coniferyl aldehyde
-
pH 6.5, 40°C
0.0066
coniferyl aldehyde
-
wild-type Mt-CAD2, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.0068
coniferyl aldehyde
pH 6.5-7.5, 26°C, recombinant enzyme
0.008
coniferyl aldehyde
-
pH 7.5, 37°C, recombinant enzyme
0.0085
coniferyl aldehyde
-
Mt-CAD1, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.0104
coniferyl aldehyde
isoform CAD4 mutant L119W, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
0.01076
coniferyl aldehyde
at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0109
coniferyl aldehyde
pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.01144
coniferyl aldehyde
isoform CAD7, at pH 6.3 and 30°C
0.01618
coniferyl aldehyde
isoform CAD6, at pH 6.3 and 30°C
0.01996
coniferyl aldehyde
pH 6.0, 30°C, recombinant His-tagged enzyme
0.02062
coniferyl aldehyde
pH 5.0, 30°C, recombinant His-tagged enzyme
0.0214
coniferyl aldehyde
isoform CAD4 mutant A278V, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
0.0219
coniferyl aldehyde
pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.024
coniferyl aldehyde
pH 6.5-7.5, 30°C, recombinant enzyme
0.027
coniferyl aldehyde
-
CAD1 isoform
0.028
coniferyl aldehyde
isoform CAD4 mutant L119W/G301F, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
0.0282
coniferyl aldehyde
pH 6.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme
0.0289
coniferyl aldehyde
recombinant GST-tagged enzyme, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.031
coniferyl aldehyde
pH 8.8, 30°C, recombinant CAD1-7
0.032
coniferyl aldehyde
pH 6.5-7.5, 30°C, recombinant enzyme
0.053
coniferyl aldehyde
pH 10.5, 30°C, recombinant CAD1-1
0.068
coniferyl aldehyde
isoform CAD4 mutant Y95V, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
0.09518
coniferyl aldehyde
wild type isoform CAD2, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
0.146
coniferyl aldehyde
pH 6.0, 30°C, recombinant His-tagged enzyme
0.233
coniferyl aldehyde
wild type isoform CAD4, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
0.387
coniferyl aldehyde
isoform CAD4 mutant Y288P, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
5.68
coniferyl aldehyde
isoform CAD4 mutant G301F, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
9.17
coniferyl aldehyde
isoform CAD4 mutant W58L, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
0.052
NAD+

-
pH 8.0, 30°C
0.45
NAD+
-
pH 8.8, 50°C
0.016
NADH

-
pH 7.5, 50°C
0.0038
NADP+

-
-
0.0057
NADP+
pH 8.8, 40°C
0.0085
NADP+
-
pH 8.8, 40°C
0.06
NADP+
-
pH 7.5, 37°C, recombinant enzyme, with benzyla alcohol
0.0015
NADPH

-
pH 6.5, 40°C
0.0025
NADPH
pH 6.5, 40°C
0.0046
NADPH
-
with coniferaldehyde
0.0067
NADPH
-
with cinnamaldehyde
0.15
NADPH
-
pH 7.5, 37°C, recombinant enzyme, with acetaldehyde
0.0012
p-coumaraldehyde

-
-
0.0091
p-coumaraldehyde
-
-
0.03
p-coumaraldehyde
-
-
0.034
p-coumaryl alcohol

-
isoform CAD-C
0.046
p-coumaryl alcohol
-
purified isoform CAD-C
0.057
p-coumaryl alcohol
-
-
0.132
p-coumaryl alcohol
-
-
0.15
p-coumaryl alcohol
-
isoform CAD-B
0.27
p-coumaryl alcohol
-
CAD1 isoform
0.283
p-coumaryl alcohol
-
isoform CAD-A
0.0035
p-coumaryl aldehyde

pH 6.5, 40°C
0.008
p-coumaryl aldehyde
-
Mt-CAD1, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.0094
p-coumaryl aldehyde
-
wild-type Mt-CAD2, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.0272
p-coumaryl aldehyde
pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.0043
sinapaldehyde

-
-
0.04792
sinapaldehyde
-
isoform CAD1, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.06095
sinapaldehyde
isoform CAD2, at pH 6.0 and 25°C
0.09157
sinapaldehyde
isoform CAD1, at pH 6.0 and 25°C
0.1378
sinapaldehyde
-
isoform CAD2, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.1699
sinapaldehyde
-
isoform CAD4, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.2082
sinapaldehyde
-
isoform CAD3, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0062
sinapyl alcohol

-
pH 8.8, 40°C
0.0086
sinapyl alcohol
pH 8.8, 40°C
0.0156
sinapyl alcohol
pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.0166
sinapyl alcohol
-
-
0.0238
sinapyl alcohol
pH 8.8, 37°C
0.054
sinapyl alcohol
-
purified isoform CAD-C
0.062
sinapyl alcohol
-
isoform CAD-C
0.067
sinapyl alcohol
-
isoform CAD-B
0.24
sinapyl alcohol
-
CAD2 isoform
0.56
sinapyl alcohol
-
CAD1 isoform
0.00194
sinapyl aldehyde

at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0028
sinapyl aldehyde
pH 6.5, 40°C
0.0043
sinapyl aldehyde
pH 5.0, 30°C, recombinant His-tagged enzyme
0.005
sinapyl aldehyde
-
CAD2 isoform
0.0058
sinapyl aldehyde
pH 6.5-7.5, 26°C, recombinant enzyme
0.00642
sinapyl aldehyde
isoform CAD7, at pH 6.3 and 30°C
0.0072
sinapyl aldehyde
-
-
0.0078
sinapyl aldehyde
isoform CAD4 mutant Y288P, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
0.00819
sinapyl aldehyde
isoform CAD2, at pH 6.3 and 30°C
0.0095
sinapyl aldehyde
pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.00985
sinapyl aldehyde
pH 6.0, 30°C, recombinant His-tagged enzyme
0.01072
sinapyl aldehyde
isoform CAD6, at pH 6.3 and 30°C
0.0109
sinapyl aldehyde
-
Mt-CAD1, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.0145
sinapyl aldehyde
pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.0168
sinapyl aldehyde
isoform CAD4 mutant G301F, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
0.0208
sinapyl aldehyde
-
pH 8.8, 30°C, recombinant enzyme encoded by GH2
0.026
sinapyl aldehyde
pH 6.5-7.5, 30°C, recombinant enzyme
0.033
sinapyl aldehyde
wild type isoform CAD4, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
0.0342
sinapyl aldehyde
recombinant GST-tagged enzyme, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.035
sinapyl aldehyde
-
CAD1 isoform
0.0406
sinapyl aldehyde
pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.0471
sinapyl aldehyde
pH 6.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme
0.055
sinapyl aldehyde
pH 6.5-7.5, 30°C, recombinant enzyme
0.05976
sinapyl aldehyde
wild type isoform CAD2, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
0.0783
sinapyl aldehyde
isoform CAD4 mutant L119W, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
0.0793
sinapyl aldehyde
isoform CAD4 mutant A278V, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
0.105
sinapyl aldehyde
isoform CAD4 mutant L119W/G301F, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
0.112
sinapyl aldehyde
isoform CAD4 mutant Y95V, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
0.235
sinapyl aldehyde
-
Mt-CAD2 mutant Y136F/F226A, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.279
sinapyl aldehyde
-
Mt-CAD2 mutant Y136F, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.283
sinapyl aldehyde
-
Mt-CAD2 mutant F226A, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.73
sinapyl aldehyde
-
wild-type Mt-CAD2, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
1.969
sinapyl aldehyde
pH 6.0, 30°C, recombinant His-tagged enzyme
5.52
sinapyl aldehyde
isoform CAD4 mutant W58L, at pH 6.5 and 30°C
additional information
additional information

-
-
-
additional information
additional information
-
kinetics
-
additional information
additional information
steady-state kinetics
-
additional information
additional information
KJ159967
steady-state kinetics
-
additional information
additional information
steady-state kinetics
-
additional information
additional information
steady-state kinetics
-
additional information
additional information
steady-state kinetics
-
additional information
additional information
steady-state kinetics
-
additional information
additional information
steady-state kinetics
-
additional information
additional information
steady-state kinetics
-
additional information
additional information
steady-state kinetics
-
additional information
additional information
-
steady-state kinetics
-