2.3.2.21: cyclo(L-tyrosyl-L-tyrosyl) synthase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about cyclo(L-tyrosyl-L-tyrosyl) synthase, go to the full flat file.
Reaction
2 L-tyrosyl-tRNATyr
=
2 tRNATyr
+
Synonyms
CDPS, CDPS-Np, cyclo(L-tyrosyl-L-tyrosyl) synthase, cyclodipeptide synthase, cyclodityrosine synthetase, cYY synthase, Rv2275
ECTree
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General Information on EC 2.3.2.21 - cyclo(L-tyrosyl-L-tyrosyl) synthase
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GENERAL INFORMATION 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
evolution
metabolism
comparison of different CDPS-containing biosynthetic pathways, enzyme Rv2275 is involved in the mycocyclosin biosynthetic pathway, overview. Rv2275 is established as a CDPS that catalyzes formation of cyclo(L-tyrosyl-L-tyrosyl) as its major product, along with a handful of minor products containing tyrosine
physiological function
cyclodipeptide synthases (CDPSs) are recognized catalysts of 2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP) assembly, employing two aminoacyl-tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) as substrates. Representative 2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP) natural products and bioactivities, overview
additional information
evolution
CDPSs fall into two subfamilies, NYH and XYP, characterized by the presence of specific sequence signatures. Comparison of the XYP and NYH enzymes shows that the two subfamilies mainly differ in the first half of their Rossmann fold. The XYP and NYH motifs correspond to two structural solutions to facilitate the reactivity of the catalytic serine residue. The CDPS from Mycobacterium tuberculosis belongs to the NYH subfamily
evolution
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the enzyme belongs to the CDPS family, NYH subfamily containing the catalytic residues Asn40, Tyr178, and His203 (AlbC numbering). The exception of Tyr196, CDPS-Np shares identical amino acids in other positions with one or more CDPSs in pocket P1
evolution
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CDPSs fall into two subfamilies, NYH and XYP, characterized by the presence of specific sequence signatures. Comparison of the XYP and NYH enzymes shows that the two subfamilies mainly differ in the first half of their Rossmann fold. The XYP and NYH motifs correspond to two structural solutions to facilitate the reactivity of the catalytic serine residue. The CDPS from Mycobacterium tuberculosis belongs to the NYH subfamily
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evolution
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CDPSs fall into two subfamilies, NYH and XYP, characterized by the presence of specific sequence signatures. Comparison of the XYP and NYH enzymes shows that the two subfamilies mainly differ in the first half of their Rossmann fold. The XYP and NYH motifs correspond to two structural solutions to facilitate the reactivity of the catalytic serine residue. The CDPS from Mycobacterium tuberculosis belongs to the NYH subfamily
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additional information
CDPSs structure comparisons, comparison of the XYP and NYH enzymes shows that the two subfamilies mainly differ in the first half of their Rossmann fold, overview. The CDPS adopts a common architecture with a monomer built around a Rossmann fold domain that displays structural similarity to the catalytic domain of the two class Ic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), TyrRS and TrpRS. It contains a deep surface-accessible pocket P1, the location of which corresponds to that of the aminoacyl-binding pocket of the two aaRSs. The XYP and the NYH architectures appear as two solutions to stabilize Y202 and facilitate the reactivity of the catalytic S37. The XYP and the NYH architectures appear as two solutions to stabilize Y202 and facilitate the reactivity of the catalytic S37. Despite these differences, the key catalytic residues (S37, Y202, Y178 and E182, AlbC numbering) are conserved in all CDPSs and have a same location in the catalytic centre of the enzymes. Residues belonging to the signature sequences play parallel roles in the two subfamilies, contributing to the positioning of the catalytic serine and of the crucial Y202 residue. The mode of action of the signature residues however differs, with a more complex network of hydrogen bonds in NYH enzymes. Notably, the signature residues are located in the two catalytic loops at the switch point between the two halves of the Rossmann fold
additional information
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strong influence on product accumulation of the amino acid residues in pocket P1
additional information
the CDPS catalytic mechanism entails initial covalent tethering of the aminoacyl moiety from the first aa-tRNA substrate onto a conserved active site serine (Ser) residue. Nucleophilic attack of the amino nitrogen on the carbonyl carbon from the second aa-tRNA substrate yields the first peptide bond. The resulting enzyme-linked dipeptidyl intermediate then undergoes intramolecular peptide bond formation to yield the DKP group with concomitant release from the active site. The two aa-tRNA substrates bind at different sites of the CDPS
additional information
-
CDPSs structure comparisons, comparison of the XYP and NYH enzymes shows that the two subfamilies mainly differ in the first half of their Rossmann fold, overview. The CDPS adopts a common architecture with a monomer built around a Rossmann fold domain that displays structural similarity to the catalytic domain of the two class Ic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), TyrRS and TrpRS. It contains a deep surface-accessible pocket P1, the location of which corresponds to that of the aminoacyl-binding pocket of the two aaRSs. The XYP and the NYH architectures appear as two solutions to stabilize Y202 and facilitate the reactivity of the catalytic S37. The XYP and the NYH architectures appear as two solutions to stabilize Y202 and facilitate the reactivity of the catalytic S37. Despite these differences, the key catalytic residues (S37, Y202, Y178 and E182, AlbC numbering) are conserved in all CDPSs and have a same location in the catalytic centre of the enzymes. Residues belonging to the signature sequences play parallel roles in the two subfamilies, contributing to the positioning of the catalytic serine and of the crucial Y202 residue. The mode of action of the signature residues however differs, with a more complex network of hydrogen bonds in NYH enzymes. Notably, the signature residues are located in the two catalytic loops at the switch point between the two halves of the Rossmann fold
-
additional information
-
CDPSs structure comparisons, comparison of the XYP and NYH enzymes shows that the two subfamilies mainly differ in the first half of their Rossmann fold, overview. The CDPS adopts a common architecture with a monomer built around a Rossmann fold domain that displays structural similarity to the catalytic domain of the two class Ic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), TyrRS and TrpRS. It contains a deep surface-accessible pocket P1, the location of which corresponds to that of the aminoacyl-binding pocket of the two aaRSs. The XYP and the NYH architectures appear as two solutions to stabilize Y202 and facilitate the reactivity of the catalytic S37. The XYP and the NYH architectures appear as two solutions to stabilize Y202 and facilitate the reactivity of the catalytic S37. Despite these differences, the key catalytic residues (S37, Y202, Y178 and E182, AlbC numbering) are conserved in all CDPSs and have a same location in the catalytic centre of the enzymes. Residues belonging to the signature sequences play parallel roles in the two subfamilies, contributing to the positioning of the catalytic serine and of the crucial Y202 residue. The mode of action of the signature residues however differs, with a more complex network of hydrogen bonds in NYH enzymes. Notably, the signature residues are located in the two catalytic loops at the switch point between the two halves of the Rossmann fold
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