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1-(1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-nitroethyl)-1H-indole
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1-(1-(furan-2-yl)-2-nitroethyl)-1H-indole
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1-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)-1H-indole
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5-(3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholanamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide
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weak activation
5-(3alpha,acetoxy-5-beta-cholanamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide
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activates
6-aminohexanoic acid
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marginally increases the refolding yield in the presence of Arg, and it is unable to replace Arg in promoting a high refolding yield
acetazolamide
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activates
anhydrotetracyclin
induces expression of mature G6PDH1
artesunate
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induces a 25fold increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity while there is no significant reduction in the red blood cell count. Critical role for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the prevention of oxidative stress and lysis of red blood cells in artesunate-treated rats
ATP
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isoform Zwf-2 is active in the presence of 3m MATP, and then only with NADP+ as a coenzyme
butanol
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marginally increases the refolding yield in the presence of Arg, and it is unable to replace Arg in promoting a high refolding yield
cyclophilin A
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facilitates refolding, the yield, at about 82%, is about 12% higher than without cyclophilin A. Even with 0.0004 mM cyclophilin A in the standard refolding buffer, maximal recovery takes about 7 days
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dithiothreitol
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dithiothreitol has major positive influence on refolding
glucosamine 6-phosphate
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glycerol
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marginally increases the refolding yield in the presence of Arg, and it is unable to replace Arg in promoting a high refolding yield
guanosine hydrochloride
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the enzyme shows a sharp loss in activity above 0.75 M, but is activated by low concentrations of 0.2 M of GdmCl
H2O2
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H2O2, produced under salt stress, induces increased G6PDH activity and the enzymes of glutathione cycle, which concomitantly results in an increased reduced glutathione contents
Insulin
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stimulates, in pregnant women with types 1 diabetes insulin effect on the enzyme activity is lower than in the control. In the group of pregnant women with type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes the effect of insulin is decreased as compared to control
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insulin-like growth factor 1
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stimulates, in pregnant women with types 1 diabetes effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 is absent. In the group of pregnant women with type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes the effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 is decreased as compared to control
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L-Arg
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L-Arg has major positive influence on refolding. L-Arg is the key player in the refolding of human G6PD, preventing the aggregation of folding intermediate
metamizol
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activation of mutant enzymes 1 and 2
N-ethylmaleimide
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blocking the SH group leads to activation of rBmG6PD activity
paraquat
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activates plastidic isozymes by 10fold by direct action on the enzyme, no activation of the cytosolic isozyme
PEG 3350
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marginally increases the refolding yield in the presence of Arg, and it is unable to replace Arg in promoting a high refolding yield
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relaxin
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stimulates, in pregnant women with types 1 diabetes effect of relaxin is absent. In the group of pregnant women with type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes the effect of relaxin is somewhat higher as compared to control
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S-methyl 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole-7-carbothioate
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treatment of fruits
spermidine
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activation constant: 0.2 mM
streptomycin
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activation of mutant enzymes 1 and 2
sucrose
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in wild-type seedlings G6PD5 and G6PD6 show small (1.7- and 2fold, respectively) but significant induction by sucrose
trehalose
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marginally increases the refolding yield in the presence of Arg, and it is unable to replace Arg in promoting a high refolding yield
vitamin E
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in concert with nicotine the enzyme from testis brain and liver is inhibited, while the enzyme from muscle and stomach is activated by 36% and 20%, respectively, overview
additional information
activity of G6PDH increases rapidly just after the inoculation of 10-day-old cells into fresh medium
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additional information
activity of G6PDH increases rapidly just after the inoculation of 10-day-old cells into fresh medium
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additional information
activity of G6PDH increases rapidly just after the inoculation of 10-day-old cells into fresh medium
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additional information
activity of G6PDH increases rapidly just after the inoculation of 10-day-old cells into fresh medium
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additional information
activity of G6PDH increases rapidly just after the inoculation of 10-day-old cells into fresh medium
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additional information
activity of G6PDH increases rapidly just after the inoculation of 10-day-old cells into fresh medium
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additional information
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activity of G6PDH increases rapidly just after the inoculation of 10-day-old cells into fresh medium
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additional information
oxidative activation is strictly dependent on plastidial thioredoxins that show differential efficiencies. Trx f1 regulates G6PDH1 activity as efficiently as Trx m1 or m4. Trx x is a very poor regulator of G6PDH activity. Trx y1 is inefficient as inhibitor but it shows high efficiency in activation. G6PDH activity can be recovered by transferring from light to dark, reversibility of inactivation certifying redox modulation of the enzyme. In the dark, reactivation can be enhanced by the addition of oxidants, such as oxidized dithiothreitol and H2O2
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additional information
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temperature and protein concentration have positive influence on refolding. Refolding at 25°C is relatively slow, taking about one week to reach the maximum activity. Final refolding yield at pH 7.5 is about 69%, similar to 71% at pH 8.0, and only slightly higher than 65% at pH 8.5. At 30°C, refolding is faster in the early stages than at 25°C, but the highest activities, achieved after 4-5 days, are 49% at pH 7.5, 53% at pH 8.0, and 48% at pH 8.5, respectively, considerably lower than at 25°C. Correct refolding is severely suppressed at 37°C, with the highest recovery yield at 13%. Recovery yields are 54%, 70%, 56%, and 33% for protein concentrations at 5 microg/ml, 10 microg/ml, 20 microg/ml and 50 microg/ml, respectively
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additional information
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after pathogen infection with Phytophthora nicotianae, G6PDH activity rises 2 to 3fold in leaves of a resistant, but not of a susceptible, tobacco cultivar
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additional information
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light and metabolizable sugars induce the cytosolic isozyme by increased de novo protein synthesis, while the plastidic isozymes are unaffected
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