Information on EC 2.7.1.30 - glycerol kinase

-

Cyberlindnera jadinii

-

-

-

-

Drosophila melanogaster

there are five glycerol kinase-like genes in Drosophila melanogaster. The locus CG18374, located at 61B2, is the closest homolog to the X-linked glycosyl kinase gene in Homo sapiens, sharing 53% identity. Another close homolog CG7995 (located at 62B1) shares 48% homology to the human glycerol kinase. Three other loci CG1271 at 63A3, CG1216 at 61B2, and CG8298 at 48D5 do not share the same degree of homology. Most key functional residues are missing in CG1216 suggesting it has no glycerol kinase activity.; there are five glycerol kinase-like genes in Drosophila melanogaster.

681943

-

-

641318, 641324, 641328

-

Enterobacter aerogenes

-

-

-

661122, 677308, 702293

-

Enterococcus faecalis

-

-

-

641289, 641290

-

-

641287, 641294, 641295, 641297, 641298, 641300, 641303, 641309, 641311, 641317, 641320, 661122, 701908

-

-

641316, 641326, 678281, 685101, 701931

P0A6F3

Uniprot

glycerol kinase from Escherichia coli is tested to develop a bisensor based on flow calorimetry for quantitative analysis of glycerol during bioconversion process. Thermomeric glycerol sensor employs flow calorimeter equipped with a column packed with immobilized glycerol kinase. The glycerol kinase from Escherichia coli is able to detect glycerol in samples, but the linearity range and sensitibity are rather low and the calibration line does not pass through the origin of calibration dependence, so that the Escherichia coli enzyme is not used.

-

MG1655 (ATCC 47076)

-

strain C.Lin 43

-

Escherichia coli C.Lin 43

strain C.Lin 43

641322

-

Felis catus

-

-

Galactomyces geotrichum

-

-

-

641287, 641292, 641310

-

-

641297, 641301, 641306, 641309

-

Gluconobacter oxydans

-

-

-

-

Halobacterium salinarum

-

-

-

-

-

641287, 660906, 661668, 706466, 723091

-

-

Uniprot

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

641287, 641310, 660906, 705751, 705757

-

wild type and Aqp7 knock out mice (Aqp7-/-), 14- to 18-week-old animals

681924

-

wild type and Aqp7 knockout male mice and mouse 3T3-L1 cell line

682503

-

Mycobacterium butyricum

-

-

Mycobacterium smegmatis

-

-

607

-

Mycobacterium sp. 607

607

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Oryctolagus cuniculus

-

-

Osmerus mordax

rainbow smelt

721260

-

-

-

kidney bean

-

pea

-

-

Q8IDI4

Uniprot

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

-

-

-

641287, 641310, 641313, 705749

-

Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty and rosiglitazone-treated Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats, all male and 4 weeks old.

-

-

641287, 641297, 688443, 722310

-

Shigella sonnei

-

-

Staphylococcus aureus

-

-

-

-

-

641319, 722839

-

-

684168

O93623

SwissProt

hyperthermophilic archaeon

-

-

-

-

-

trout

-

-

-

-

-

Uniprot

-

D3KVM3

UniProt

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense IL2343

-

D3KVM3

UniProt

Trypanosoma brucei ILTat1.4

-

Q9NJP9

Uniprot

-

Vigna radiata var. radiata

Q75T26

UniProt

Trypanosoma congolense IL1180

-

UniProt

-

UniProt

Trypanosoma vivax IL1392

-

UniProt

broad bean

-

-

-

Wickerhamomyces anomalus

-

-

Zea mays

-

-

malfunction

Candida tropicalis

-

a glycerol kinase knockout strain is incapable to grow on glycerol and shows higher NADPH-dependent xylitol production compared to the wild type strain

721849

malfunction

Candida tropicalis BSXDH-3

-

a glycerol kinase knockout strain is incapable to grow on glycerol and shows higher NADPH-dependent xylitol production compared to the wild type strain

-

metabolism

-

the enzyme plays an essential role in central and lipid metabolism

723091

physiological function

D3KVM3, -

the enzyme is essential for energy metabolism

physiological function

-

glycerol kinase expression leads to increased fat storage in H4IIE rat hepatoma cells

723091

physiological function

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense IL2343

-

the enzyme is essential for energy metabolism

-

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

ATP + glycerol

-

-

r

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

ATP + glycerol

D3KVM3, -

-

-

r

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

ATP + glycerol

B0I530, -

-

-

r

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

ATP + glycerol

Q75T26

-

-

r

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

ATP + glycerol

Trypanosoma vivax IL1392

B0I530

-

-

r

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

ATP + glycerol

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense IL2343

D3KVM3

-

-

r

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

ATP + glycerol

Trypanosoma brucei ILTat1.4

Q9NJP9

-

-

r

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

ATP + glycerol

Trypanosoma congolense IL1180

Q75T26

-

-

r

ATP + 1,3-propanediol

ADP + ?

Escherichia coli, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Candida mycoderma

-

not

-

ATP + 1,3-propanediol

ADP + ?

Candida mycoderma

-

weak

-

?

ATP + 1-deoxy-sn-glycerol

ADP + ?

Candida mycoderma

-

-

?

ATP + 2-deoxyglycerol

ADP + ?

Candida mycoderma

-

-

?

ATP + 2-mercaptoethanol

ADP + ?

Candida mycoderma

-

-

?

ATP + 2-methylglycerol

ADP + ?

Candida mycoderma

-

-

?

ATP + aminopropanediol

ADP + ?

Candida mycoderma

-

R- and S-

-

?

ATP + D-glyceraldehyde

ADP + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

-

-

?

ATP + dihydroxyacetone

ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate

-

641287, 641294, 641295, 641309

-

?

ATP + dihydroxyacetone

ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate

-

-

ATP + dihydroxyacetone

ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Candida mycoderma

-

641286, 641287, 641305, 641309

-

?

ATP + dihydroxypropyl dichloroacetate

ADP + ?

-

glycerol analogue

-

?

ATP + glyceric acid

ADP + ?

-

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna radiata var. radiata, Vicia faba

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

641314

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

641297, 641298, 641300, 641303, 641309, 641311

-

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

P0A6F3

-

641316

-

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

641317, 641320

-

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

661122, 685101, 722712

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

P32189

-

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

661668, 723091

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

641310, 641313

-

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

641297, 688443, 722310

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

641297, 641301, 641306

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Pisum sativum, Zea mays, Avena sativa

-

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Q9NJP9

-

-

r

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Candida tropicalis

-

721849

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Candida mycoderma

-

-

-

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Candida mycoderma

-

641297, 641302, 641304, 641309

-

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Candida mycoderma

-

Microsporum gypseum, Epidermophyton floccosum

-

r

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Culex pipiens fatigans

-

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Osmerus mordax

-

721260

-

r

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

r

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

B0I530, -

-

-

r

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Q75T26

-

-

r

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

high specificity for ATP, no other ribonucleoside triphosphate utilized

-

ir

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

high specificity for ATP, no other ribonucleoside triphosphate utilized

i.e. L-alpha-glycerophosphate

Cavia porcellus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Cyberlindnera jadinii, Mus musculus

-

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

enzyme can utilize only ATP as phosphoryl group donor

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

enzyme can utilize only ATP as phosphoryl group donor

-

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

enzyme can utilize only ATP as phosphoryl group donor

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Candida mycoderma

-

enzyme can utilize only ATP as phosphoryl group donor

-

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Clostridium novyi

-

enzyme can utilize only ATP as phosphoryl group donor

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

only glycerol active as phosphoryl group acceptor

-

ir

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

weak: GTP, CTP, UTP, ITP

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

CTP or UTP are as effective as ATP, not: GTP

-

r

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

P32189

enzyme deficiency causes hyperglycerolemia and glyceroluria

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Mus musculus, Homo sapiens

-

enzyme deficiency causes hyperglycerolemia and glyceroluria, provides glycerol 3-phosphate which is an important intermediate between glucose and lipid metabolism

661668

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

involved in fat and carbohydrate metabolism, glycerol 3-phosphate is important for the synthesis of glycerides, glycerol lipids and dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Escherichia coli, Enterococcus casseliflavus

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

key enzyme of glycerol metabolism in bacteria, phosphorylation of glycerol prevents diffusion through membrane

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Trypanosoma vivax IL1392

B0I530

-

-

r

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Candida tropicalis BSXDH-3

-

721849

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Trypanosoma brucei ILTat1.4

Q9NJP9

-

-

r

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Trypanosoma congolense IL1180

Q75T26

-

-

r

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Mycobacterium sp. 607

-

enzyme can utilize only ATP as phosphoryl group donor

-

?

ATP + glycerol

?

-

641300

-

ATP + glycerol

?

-

key enzyme for glycerol use in phospholipid synthesis

-

ATP + glycerol

?

-

enzyme functions primarily in the utilization of glycerol as a carbon and energy source

-

ATP + glycerol

?

-

dissimilation of glycerol

641303

-

ATP + glycerol

?

Mesocricetus auratus

-

higher organisms: salvage of glycerol released upon lipolysis

-

ATP + L-glyceraldehyde

ADP + L-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

-

-

ATP + L-glyceraldehyde

ADP + L-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

-

-

?

ATP + L-glyceraldehyde

ADP + L-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Candida mycoderma

-

-

ATP + L-glyceraldehyde

ADP + L-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

Candida mycoderma

-

641287, 641305

-

?

ATP + mercaptopropanediol

1-mercaptopropanediol 1-phosphate + ADP

Escherichia coli, Candida mycoderma

-

-

ATP + mercaptopropanediol

1-mercaptopropanediol 1-phosphate + ADP

Candida mycoderma

-

-

?

ATP + monoacetin

ADP + ?

-

glycerol analogue

-

?

ATP + monobutyrin

ADP + ?

-

glycerol analogue

-

?

ATP + monothioglycerol

ADP + ?

-

-

?

CTP + glycerol

CDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

?

CTP + glycerol

CDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

CTP + glycerol

CDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

Candida mycoderma

-

641287, 641305

-

?

CTP + glycerol

CDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

?

CTP + glycerol

CDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

Culex pipiens fatigans

-

-

?

CTP + glycerol

CDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

-

not

-

CTP + glycerol

CDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

-

not

-

CTP + glycerol

CDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

-

14% of the activity with ATP

-

?

glycerol + ATP

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP

-

-

?

glycerol + ATP

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP

Haloferax volcanii

-

704298

-

?

glycerol + ATP

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP

-, Q8IDI4

-

-

?

glycerol + ATP

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP

B0I1G6, B0M0V1, -

-

-

?

GTP + glycerol

GDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

-

641292

-

?

GTP + glycerol

GDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

GTP + glycerol

GDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

Candida mycoderma

-

641286, 641305

-

?

GTP + glycerol

GDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

?

GTP + glycerol

GDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

-

not

-

GTP + glycerol

GDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

Candida mycoderma

-

not

-

GTP + glycerol

GDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

Culex pipiens fatigans

-

not

-

ITP + glycerol

IDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

?

ITP + glycerol

IDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

Candida mycoderma

-

641286, 641287, 641305

-

?

ITP + glycerol

IDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

Culex pipiens fatigans

-

-

?

ITP + glycerol

IDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

-

not

641294, 641295

-

TTP + glycerol

TDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

?

TTP + glycerol

TDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

-

not

-

UTP + glycerol

UDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

-

-

?

UTP + glycerol

UDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

-

Microsporum gypseum, Epidermophyton floccosum

-

UTP + glycerol

UDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

Candida mycoderma

-

641286, 641305

-

?

UTP + glycerol

UDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

-

Cavia porcellus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Cyberlindnera jadinii, Mus musculus

-

?

UTP + glycerol

UDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

-

not

-

?

UTP + glycerol

UDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

-

not

641294, 641295

-

UTP + glycerol

UDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

Escherichia coli, Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bos taurus, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Neurospora crassa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Halobacterium salinarum, Enterococcus faecalis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mesocricetus auratus, Felis catus, Mycobacterium sp., Nocardia asteroides, Gluconobacter oxydans, Mycobacterium butyricum, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Shigella sonnei, trout, Galactomyces geotrichum, Columba sp., Locusta sp., Bombus sp., Candida mycoderma, Clostridium novyi

-

not

-

?

UTP + glycerol

UDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

Culex pipiens fatigans

-

not

-

UTP + glycerol

UDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

-

7% of the activity with ATP

-

?

UTP + glycerol

UDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

Mycobacterium sp. 607

-

not

-

?

XTP + glycerol

XDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

Candida mycoderma

-

Escherichia coli, Rattus norvegicus

-

?

ITP + glycerol

IDP + glycerol 3-phosphate

-

not

-

?

additional information

?

-

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida mycoderma

-

-

additional information

?

-

-

D-glyceraldehyde promotes conversion of ATP to ADP + phosphate

-

additional information

?

-

Candida mycoderma

-

D-glyceraldehyde promotes conversion of ATP to ADP + phosphate

-

additional information

?

-

Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Candida mycoderma

-

overview: enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of 28 nitrogen-, sulfur- and alkyl-substituted analogues of glycerol, phosphorylated products have stereochemistry analogous to that of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

641297

-

additional information

?

-

-

phosphate rather than D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is formed, the hydrated form of this triose is phosphorylated in position 1 to yield an unstable intermediate that decomposes to D-glyceraldehyde + phosphate

-

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

P32189

enzyme deficiency causes hyperglycerolemia and glyceroluria

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Mus musculus, Homo sapiens

-

enzyme deficiency causes hyperglycerolemia and glyceroluria, provides glycerol 3-phosphate which is an important intermediate between glucose and lipid metabolism

661668

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

involved in fat and carbohydrate metabolism, glycerol 3-phosphate is important for the synthesis of glycerides, glycerol lipids and dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Escherichia coli, Enterococcus casseliflavus

-

?

ATP + glycerol

ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

key enzyme of glycerol metabolism in bacteria, phosphorylation of glycerol prevents diffusion through membrane

-

?

ATP + glycerol

?

-

641300

-

ATP + glycerol

?

-

key enzyme for glycerol use in phospholipid synthesis

-

ATP + glycerol

?

-

enzyme functions primarily in the utilization of glycerol as a carbon and energy source

-

ATP + glycerol

?

-

dissimilation of glycerol

641303

-

ATP + glycerol

?

Mesocricetus auratus

-

higher organisms: salvage of glycerol released upon lipolysis

-

ATP

-

Mg2+-ATP-dependent

ATP

-

(NH4)2SO4

-

activates

Co2+

-

best effect, may be replaced by Zn2+

KCl

-

0.04 M, stimulates 30% at neutral pH

KCl

-

stimulates

Mg2+

-

maximum with 2.5 mM Mg2+; other metal ions cannot substitute for Mg2+; required

Mg2+

Culex pipiens fatigans

-

required

Mg2+

-

true substrate: MgATP-complex

Mg2+

-

ommision of Mg2+ abolishes activity; other metal ions cannot substitute for Mg2+

Mg2+

-

required

641287, 641295, 641300

Mg2+

-

required

Mg2+

-

Mg2+-ATP-dependent

Mg2+

-

required

Mn2+

-

can substitute for Mg2+; rate is 3-fold lower than with Mg2+

Zn2+

-

can substitute for Co2+

Mn2+

-

can substitute for Mg2+; less active at equal molar concentration than Mg2+

additional information

-

other metal ions cannot substitute for Mg2+

additional information

-

divalent metal ions activate

additional information

-

no effect: Ca2+

additional information

-

other metal ions cannot substitute for Mg2+

(NH4)2SO4

-

1,2-Propanediol

-

1-Pentanol

-

3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol

-

3-Deoxy-sn-glycerol

Candida mycoderma

-

ADP

-

ADP

-

weak, competitive to ATP, uncompetitive to glycerol

ADP

Culex pipiens fatigans

-

ADP

-

ADP

-

ADP

-

product inhibition

ADP

-

AMP

-

AMP

Culex pipiens fatigans

-

AMP

-

ATP

-

substrate inhibition

Butane-1,3-diol

Candida mycoderma

-

D- and L-configuration

CrATP

Candida mycoderma

-

coordination complex of Cr3+ and ATP, dead-end inhibitor

cytosolic subunit of the glucose-specific phosphotransferase system

-

allosteric inhibition

-

D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

-

D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

-

allosteric inhibition

DTNB

-

inactivation reversed by dithiothreitol

641298

Erythritol

Candida mycoderma

-

Ethanediol

-

Ethanediol

Candida mycoderma

-

ethanol

Candida mycoderma

-

Enterococcus casseliflavus, Escherichia coli

fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

-

fructose 1,6-diphosphate

Candida mycoderma

-

not

fructose 1,6-diphosphate

-

fructose 1,6-diphosphate

-

not

fructose 1,6-diphosphate

-

weak inhibition

fructose 1,6-diphosphate

-

not

641287, 641308

fructose 1,6-diphosphate

-

641287, 641294, 641295, 641309

fructose 1,6-diphosphate

-

fructose 1,6-diphosphate

-

normal enzyme is inhibited, genetically altered enzyme not, inhibition is reduced by high pH, high ionic strength or 0.2 M guanidine HCl

641311

fructose 1,6-diphosphate

-

inhibition is associated with oligomerization

fructose 1,6-diphosphate

-

mechanism

641326

Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum gypseum

glucose

-

not

glucose

-

glucose

-

glucose

Avena sativa, Cucumis sativus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Vicia faba, Vigna radiata var. radiata, Zea mays

-

not

glucose 6-phosphate

-

glucose 6-phosphate

-

not

glucose 6-phosphate

Avena sativa, Cucumis sativus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Vicia faba, Vigna radiata var. radiata, Zea mays

-

not

glucose-specific phosphocarrier protein of the phosphoenolpyruvate:glucose phosphotransferase system

-

-

glucose-specific phosphocarrier protein of the phosphoenolpyruvate:glucose phosphotransferase system (IIA(Glc))

-

allosteric inhibitor

-

glycerol

-

inhibitor of the glycerol kinase reverse reaction

glycerol

Q75T26

inhibitor of the glycerol kinase reverse reaction

glycerol

B0I530, -

inhibitor of the glycerol kinase reverse reaction

glycerol 3-phosphate

Bacillus subtilis, Bombus sp., Bos taurus, Candida mycoderma, Cavia porcellus, Clostridium novyi, Columba sp., Cyberlindnera jadinii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Felis catus, Galactomyces geotrichum, Gluconobacter oxydans, Halobacterium salinarum, Homo sapiens, Locusta sp., Mesocricetus auratus, Mus musculus, Mycobacterium butyricum, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium sp., Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Neurospora crassa, Nocardia asteroides, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

-

glycerol 3-phosphate

-

competitive to glycerol

glycerol 3-phosphate

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, trout, Wickerhamomyces anomalus

-

glycerol 3-phosphate

-

up to 10 mM, no product inhibition of the forward reaction

glycerol 3-phosphate

-

glycerol 3-phosphate

-

not

glycerol 3-phosphate

-

competitive to glycerol

HgCl2

-

iodoacetamide

Candida mycoderma

-

iodoacetamide

-

iodoacetate

-

L(+)-Butane-2,3-diol

Candida mycoderma

-

L-alpha-glycerophosphate

-

no inhibition up to 3 mM in presence of 0.1 M glycerol

L-Threitol

Candida mycoderma

-

N-ethylmaleimide

-

N-ethylmaleimide

Culex pipiens fatigans

-

N-ethylmaleimide

-

N-ethylmaleimide

-

protection by: glycerol propane-1,2-diol, ATP, ADP, AMP, cAMP, no protection by: Mg2+, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, propane-1,3-diol

641298

Na2SO4

-

NaCl

-

p-chloromercuribenzoate

Candida mycoderma

-

641286, 641287

p-chloromercuribenzoate

-

p-chloromercuribenzoate

Culex pipiens fatigans

-

glutathione protects

p-chloromercuribenzoate

-

p-Hydroxymercuriphenylsulfonate

-

641287, 641294

phosphocarrier protein IIAGlc

-

the unphosphorylated form of the phosphocarrier protein IIAGlc is an allosteric inhibitor of Escherichia coli glycerol kinase

-

Procion Blue MX-3G

-

5 mM, inactivates after a period of increased activity

641301

propan-1-ol

-

activates

propan-1-ol

Candida mycoderma

-

propan-2-ol

-

activates

propan-2-ol

Candida mycoderma

-

Salyrganic acid

Candida mycoderma

-

Mn2+

-

additional information

-

not: IIAGlc

-

additional information

-

regulation of activity by allosteric inhibition through complex formation with enzyme IIAGlc

-

additional information

-, Q8IDI4

not regulated by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

-

1,3-butanediol

-

activates

1,3-Propanediol

-

activates

1,4-Butanediol

-

activates

1-butanol

-

activates

1-Chloro-2-propanol

-

activates

1-Propanol

-

activates

1-Propanol

Candida mycoderma

-

inhibits

2,3-Butanediol

-

activates

2-butanol

-

activates

2-Chloroethanol

-

activates

2-methyl-1-propanol

-

activates

2-Methyl-2-propanol

-

activates

2-Pentanol

-

activates

2-Propanol

-

activates

2-Propanol

Candida mycoderma

-

inhibits

3-methyl-1-butanol

-

activates

Cyclohexanol

-

activates

Ethanediol methyl ether

-

activates

ethanol

-

activates

methanol

-

activates

rosiglitazone

-

rosiglitazone treatment markebly increases glycerol kinase mRNA expression in both the mesenteric and epididymal adipose tissues (1085.9% and 523.8% of the abundance in Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats, respectively). The magnitude of glycerol kinase induced by rosiglitazone is significantly greater in the mesenteric fat than in the epididymal fat.

45

-

1-deoxy-sn-glycerol

Candida mycoderma

-

88

-

2-deoxyglycerol

Candida mycoderma

-

0.046

-

2-mercaptoethanol

Candida mycoderma

-

25°C, pH 8.2

5.7

-

2-methylglycerol

Candida mycoderma

-

0.24

-

ADP

Q75T26

in 0.1 M MOPS buffer (pH 6.8) containing 1 mM EDTA, 5 mM MgSO4, temperature not specified in the publication

0.37

-

ADP

-

in 0.1 M MOPS buffer (pH 6.8) containing 1 mM EDTA, 5 mM MgSO4, temperature not specified in the publication

0.56

-

ADP

-

25°C, pH 8.0

0.69

-

ADP

B0I530, -

in 0.1 M MOPS buffer (pH 6.8) containing 1 mM EDTA, 5 mM MgSO4, temperature not specified in the publication

0.006

-

ATP

-

mutant enzyme V61L, at pH 7.0 and 25°C

0.0078

-

ATP

-

wild type enzyme, at pH 7.0 and 25°C

0.009

-

ATP

-

mutant enzyme D72V, at pH 7.0 and 25°C

0.015

-

ATP

-

pH 8.0, 80°C

0.021

-

ATP

-, Q8IDI4

-

0.03

-

ATP

-

0.038

-

ATP

-

0.045

-

ATP

-

and also 2.5 mM, pH 7.0, 25°C

0.09

-

ATP

Candida mycoderma

-

25°C

0.095

-

ATP

B0I1G6, B0M0V1, -

enzyme source: crude extract from diapause eggs exposed to 5°C for 200 days, Bombyx mori has 3 glycerol kinase genes; enzyme source: crude extract from diapause eggs exposed to 5°C for 200 days, Bombyx mori has 3 glycerol kinase genes

0.19

-

ATP

-

pH 7.4

0.19

-

ATP

-

mutant enzyme Q37P, at pH 7.0 and 25°C

0.24

-

ATP

-

25°C, pH 8.0

0.246

-

ATP

-

pH 8.6

0.25

-

ATP

-

mutant enzyme M271I, at pH 7.0 and 25°C

0.37

-

ATP

-

25°C, pH 7.5

1.8

-

ATP

-

2.5

-

ATP

-

and also 0.045 mM, pH 7.0, 25°C

3.29

-

ATP

-

pH 7.0

0.515

-

CTP

-

0.14

-

dichloro-monoacetin

-

pH 7.35, 37°C

0.5

-

Dihydroxyacetone

-

pH 7.0, 25°C

0.5

-

Dihydroxyacetone

-

25°C, plus D-glyceraldehyde

5

-

Dihydroxyacetone

Candida mycoderma

-

pH 7.0, 25°C

100

-

Dihydroxyacetone

Candida mycoderma, Escherichia coli

-

100

-

Dihydroxyacetone

-

30°C

0.15

-

glyceric acid

Candida mycoderma, Escherichia coli, Geobacillus stearothermophilus

-

0.01

-

glycerol

Candida mycoderma

-

25°C, pH 8.2

0.018

-

glycerol

-, Q8IDI4

-

0.02

-

glycerol

-

and also 1.26 mM, 30°C

0.025

-

glycerol

-

and also 0.22 mM, 30°C

0.036

0.046

glycerol

-

pH 7.35, 37°C, depending on culture medium

0.04

-

glycerol

-

and also 1.5 mM, 30°C

0.06

-

glycerol

Candida mycoderma

-

25°C

0.088

-

glycerol

-

0.11

-

glycerol

-

25°C, pH 7.5

0.111

-

glycerol

-

pH 7.35, 37°C

0.111

-

glycerol

-

pH 8.0, 80°C

0.162

-

glycerol

-

0.169

-

glycerol

-

pH 8.6

0.17

-

glycerol

-

pH 9.0

0.18

-

glycerol

-

0.22

-

glycerol

-

and also 0.025 mM, 30°C

0.26

-

glycerol

-

pH 7.4, ATP, pH 9.0

0.32

-

glycerol

B0I1G6, B0M0V1, -

enzyme source: crude extract from diapause eggs exposed to 5°C for 200 days, Bombyx mori has 3 glycerol kinase genes; enzyme source: crude extract from diapause eggs exposed to 5°C for 200 days, Bombyx mori has 3 glycerol kinase genes

0.44

-

glycerol

-

25°C, pH 8.0

1.26

-

glycerol

-

and also 0.02 mM, 30°C

1.5

-

glycerol

-

and also 0.04 mM, 30°C

2

-

glycerol

-

688443

12.56

-

glycerol-3-phosphate

-

pH 7.0

0.145

-

GTP

-

3

-

L-Glyceraldehyde

-

25°C

42

-

L-Glyceraldehyde

Candida mycoderma, Escherichia coli

-

42

-

L-Glyceraldehyde

-

30°C

3.83

-

L-glycerol-3-phosphate

-

25°C, pH 8.0

0.009

-

MgATP2-

-

E478C mutant protein, allosteric regulation

0.01

-

MgATP2-

-

E478C/T428V/R429N mutant protein, allosteric regulation

0.169

-

Monoacetin

-

pH 7.35, 37°C

0.491

-

Monobutyrin

-

pH 7.35, 37°C

4.9

-

monothioglycerol

Candida mycoderma, Escherichia coli

-

1.09

-

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Q75T26

in 0.1 M MOPS buffer (pH 6.8) containing 1 mM EDTA, 5 mM MgSO4, temperature not specified in the publication

1.13

-

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

-

in 0.1 M MOPS buffer (pH 6.8) containing 1 mM EDTA, 5 mM MgSO4, temperature not specified in the publication

1.37

-

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

B0I530, -

in 0.1 M MOPS buffer (pH 6.8) containing 1 mM EDTA, 5 mM MgSO4, temperature not specified in the publication

0.62

-

UTP

-

4.9

-

monothioglycerol

-

30°C

additional information

-

additional information

Bos taurus, Candida mycoderma, Columba sp., Escherichia coli, Gallus gallus, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus

-

-

additional information

-

additional information

Culex pipiens fatigans

-

-

additional information

-

additional information

-

641292

-

additional information

-

additional information

-

Km of unpurified enzyme

-

additional information

-

additional information

-

assay at 25°C, increasing pH or decreasing temperature rises Km for glycerol

-

additional information

-

additional information

-

-

additional information

-

additional information

-

-

additional information

-

additional information

-

-

additional information

-

additional information

-

641301

-

additional information

-

additional information

Candida mycoderma

-

641302, 641305

-

additional information

-

additional information

-

-

additional information

-

additional information

Candida mycoderma, Escherichia coli, Geobacillus stearothermophilus

-

Gallus gallus, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus

-

additional information

-

additional information

-

2 Km-values with respect to glycerol may correspond to two different molecular species

-

additional information

-

additional information

-

641311

-

1670

-

glycerol

Candida mycoderma

-

No entries in this field

250

-

propan-1-ol

Candida mycoderma

-

1500

-

propan-2-ol

Candida mycoderma

-

0.001

-

glucose-specific phosphocarrier protein of the phosphoenolpyruvate:glucose phosphotransferase system (IIA(Glc))

-

E478C mutant protein; in the presence of ZnCl2

-

0.01

-

glucose-specific phosphocarrier protein of the phosphoenolpyruvate:glucose phosphotransferase system (IIA(Glc))

-

wild-type protein

-

0.054

-

-

recombinant enzyme, using 1% methanol as carbon sources in the medium, at pH 9.8 and 30°C

0.13

-

-

recombinant enzyme, using 1% glycerol and 1% methanol as carbon sources in the medium, at pH 9.8 and 30°C

2

-

-

at pH 7.0 and 70°C

15.5

-

-, Q8IDI4

for glycerol

18.3

-

-, Q8IDI4

for ATP

25.2

-

-

41.2

-

-

pH 7.0, 25°C

100

-

-

25°C

101

-

Candida mycoderma

-

25°C

116

-

-

30°C

120

-

-

pH 9.8, 30°C

641306

177

-

-

pH 7.5, 25°C

additional information

-

-

641303

additional information

-

-

Clostridium novyi, Mycobacterium sp.

7

7.5

-

7

8

-

7

9.5

-

7

-

Culex pipiens fatigans

-

and pH 10.0

7

-

-

reverse reaction

7.5

-

-

8

-

-

8

-

-

8

-

-

8

-

-

8.5

9

B0I1G6, B0M0V1, -

;

8.6

-

-

reverse reaction

9

9.5

-

9

9.5

-

9

-

-

9.5

-

-

9.8

-

-

10

-

Culex pipiens fatigans

-

and pH 7.0

10

-

-

641292

10.5

-

-

6.8

10.5

-

pH 6.8: about 30% of maximum activity, pH 10.5: about 80% of maximum activity

7

9.5

-

pH 7.0: about 50% of maximum activity, pH 9.5: maximum activity

7

9.5

Avena sativa, Cucumis sativus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Vicia faba, Vigna radiata var. radiata, Zea mays

-

pH 7: about 20% of maximum activity, pH 9.5: about 25% of maximum activity

25

-

Candida mycoderma

-

assay at

25

-

-

assay at

641294, 641295

28

-

-

30

-

-

assay at

37

-

-

assay at

50

70

-

65

-

-

80

-

-

30

80

-

30°C: about 50% of maximum activity, 80°C: about 65% of maximum activity

No entries in this field

A-549 cell

-

lung cell line

adipocyte

-

There is no difference in glycerol mRNA level between control 3T3-L1 adipocytes and 3T3-L1 Aqp7-RNAi transfected adipocytes, whereas a 4fold enzymatic activation of glycerol kinase is observable in Aqp7 knockout adipocytes (activity assay: 50 mM TrisHCl, pH 7.2, 5 mM ATP, 10 mM MgCl2, 100 mM KCl, 2.5 mM DTT, 4 mM glycerol, 500 microM 3H-glycerol, for 90 min at 37°C).

682503

adipose

-

glycerol kinase mRNA tends to increase by 2.5fold in the mesenteric fat from Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats compared to Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats. A small increase in glycerol kinase mRNA expression is detected in the epididymal fat from Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats compared with Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats (124.5%). Rosiglitazone treatment markebly increases glycerol kinase mRNA expression in both the mesenteric and epididymal adipose tissues (1085.9% and 523.8% of the abundance in Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats, respectively). The magnitude of glycerol kinase induced by rosiglitazone is significantly greater in the mesenteric fat than in the epididymal fat.

adipose

Homo sapiens, Locusta sp., Mus musculus, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Rattus norvegicus

-

There is no difference in the mRNA levels and activities of adipose glycerol kinase between Aqp7-/- and Aqp7+/+ mice at 10 weeks of age. Adipose glycerol kinase activity of Aqp7-/- mice is significantly higher than that of wild type mice under the 12 h fasting state. The fat pads of the Aqp7-/- knockout mice are significantily larger than those of wild type mice at 20 weeks of age.

-

-

white and brown

-

-

SS6-2 cell, stem cells from fat with myotube characteristics

-

-

Aqp7-/- knockout mice have significantly lower plasma glycerol level under 12 h fasting conditions.

-

-

newborn, expresses only isoform GK-EX18

Fanconi anemia lymphoid cell line

-

from patients with enzyme deficiency and normal individuals

fibroblast

P32189

cultured

G-401 cell

-

kidney cell line

G-402 cell

-

kidney cell line, expresses only isoform GK+EX18

-

-

increased level during embryonic development

-

-

adult hepatoblastoma cell line

hepatocyte

-

primary culture of

hepatoma cell line

Felis catus, Mesocricetus auratus, Rattus norvegicus

-

HaIIE (ATCC)

705749

intestine

-

-

Culex pipiens fatigans

-

4th instar larvae

liver

Columba sp., Mesocricetus auratus, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, trout

-

-

-

-

adult and newborn, expresses only isoform GK-EX18

liver

-

glycerol kinase expression in hepatic tissues shows no significant difference between the experimental groups

muscle

Bombus sp., Columba sp., Gallus gallus, Locusta sp., Oryctolagus cuniculus, Rattus norvegicus, trout

-

mycelium

Candida mycoderma

-

oocyte

-, Q0IID9

-

705388

pancreas

-

pancreatic islets and pancreas. The glycerol kinase mRNA level in the Aqp7-/- pancreatic islets is 655% that in Aqp7+/+ islets. The glycerol activity is increased in both total pancreases and islets isolated from Aqp7-/- mice compared with those isolated from Aqp+/+ mice (tested with cell homogenates, activity assay: 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.2, 5 mM ATP, 10 mM MgCl2, 100 mM KCl, 2.5 mM dithiothreitol, 4 mM glycerol, 50 microM [14C]glycerol, for 3 h at 37°C). The absence of AQP7 is associated with a moderate increase in the glycerol content of the total pancreas. There is a 2fold increase in the glycerol content of pancreatic islets isolated from Aqp7-/- mice compared with those from Aqp7+/+ mice.

681924

seed

Avena sativa, Cucumis sativus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Vicia faba, Vigna radiata var. radiata, Zea mays

-

radicles of seeds germinated 2 days

-

Bos taurus, Gallus gallus, Homo sapiens, Oryctolagus cuniculus, trout

-

testis

-

expresses only isoform GK+EX18

-

-

fetal liver cell line

-

additional information

Bacillus subtilis, Bombus sp., Bos taurus, Candida mycoderma, Cavia porcellus, Clostridium novyi, Columba sp., Cyberlindnera jadinii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Felis catus, Galactomyces geotrichum, Gluconobacter oxydans, Halobacterium salinarum, Homo sapiens, Locusta sp., Mesocricetus auratus, Mus musculus, Mycobacterium butyricum, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium sp., Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Neurospora crassa, Nocardia asteroides, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rattus norvegicus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, trout, Wickerhamomyces anomalus

-

enzyme activity in various tissues

additional information

Mycobacterium sp. 607

-

enzyme activity in various tissues

-

cytosol

Bacillus subtilis, Bombus sp., Bos taurus, Candida mycoderma, Cavia porcellus, Clostridium novyi, Columba sp., Cyberlindnera jadinii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Felis catus, Galactomyces geotrichum, Gluconobacter oxydans, Halobacterium salinarum, Homo sapiens, Locusta sp., Mesocricetus auratus, Mus musculus, Mycobacterium butyricum, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium sp., Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Neurospora crassa, Nocardia asteroides, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rattus norvegicus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, trout, Wickerhamomyces anomalus

-

described in the most tissues

-

-

-

Mycobacterium sp. 607

-

described in the most tissues

5829

-

extracellular

-

glycosome

-

gene contains PTS1-like targeting sequence for glycosomal localization

20015

glycosome

D3KVM3, -

-

-

Q75T26

-

B0I530, -

-

20015

glycosome

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense IL2343, Trypanosoma brucei ILTat1.4, Trypanosoma congolense IL1180, Trypanosoma vivax IL1392

-

-

-

Culex pipiens fatigans

-

5739

Homo sapiens, Mus musculus

perinuclear space

-

isoform GK+EX18

-

Homo sapiens, Mus musculus

mitochondrion

-

isoform GK+EX18

5739

Homo sapiens, Mus musculus

additional information

-

GK-EX18 has a diffuse expression pattern

-

1xup, download

SCOP (1xup)

CATH (1xup)

3d7e, download

SCOP (3d7e)

CATH (3d7e)

3flc, download

SCOP (3flc)

CATH (3flc)

3h3n, download

SCOP (3h3n)

CATH (3h3n)

3h3o, download

SCOP (3h3o)

CATH (3h3o)

3h45, download

SCOP (3h45)

CATH (3h45)

3h46, download

SCOP (3h46)

CATH (3h46)

1bo5, download

SCOP (1bo5)

CATH (1bo5)

Escherichia coli (strain K12)

1bot, download

SCOP (1bot)

CATH (1bot)

Escherichia coli (strain K12)

1bu6, download

SCOP (1bu6)

CATH (1bu6)

Escherichia coli (strain K12)

1bwf, download

SCOP (1bwf)

CATH (1bwf)

Escherichia coli (strain K12)

1gla, download

SCOP (1gla)

CATH (1gla)

Escherichia coli (strain K12)

1glb, download

SCOP (1glb)

CATH (1glb)

Escherichia coli (strain K12)

1glc, download

SCOP (1glc)

CATH (1glc)

Escherichia coli (strain K12)

1gld, download

SCOP (1gld)

CATH (1gld)

Escherichia coli (strain K12)

1gle, download

SCOP (1gle)

CATH (1gle)

Escherichia coli (strain K12)

1glf, download

SCOP (1glf)

CATH (1glf)

Escherichia coli (strain K12)

1glj, download

SCOP (1glj)

CATH (1glj)

Escherichia coli (strain K12)

1gll, download

SCOP (1gll)

CATH (1gll)

Escherichia coli (strain K12)

3ezw, download

SCOP (3ezw)

CATH (3ezw)

Escherichia coli (strain K12)

2w40, download

SCOP (2w40)

CATH (2w40)

2w41, download

SCOP (2w41)

CATH (2w41)

4e1j, download

SCOP (4e1j)

CATH (4e1j)

Rhizobium meliloti (strain 1021)

3g25, download

SCOP (3g25)

CATH (3g25)

Staphylococcus aureus (strain COL)

3ge1, download

SCOP (3ge1)

CATH (3ge1)

Staphylococcus aureus (strain COL)

2zf5, download

SCOP (2zf5)

CATH (2zf5)

Thermococcus kodakaraensis (strain ATCC BAA-918 / JCM 12380 / KOD1)

2dpn, download

SCOP (2dpn)

CATH (2dpn)

Thermus thermophilus (strain HB8 / ATCC 27634 / DSM 579)

45000

-

-

53000

-

-

54000

58000

-

gel filtration

56000

-

-

SDS-PAGE

677400

113000

-

-

light scattering, dimer peak in the absence of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, G230D mutant

120000

-

-

sucrose density gradient centrifugation

127000

-

-

light scattering, dimer peak in the presence of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, G230D mutant

140000

-

-

gel filtration, zone sedimentation in sucrose density gradient

158000

-

-

dimeric native enzyme, gel filtration

177000

-

-

light scattering, dimer peak in the absence of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, wild type enzyme

200000

-

-

gel filtration

210000

217000

-

equilibrium sedimentation

210000

-

-

gel filtration

220000

-

-

gel filtration

224000

-

-

tetrameric native enzyme, gel filtration

227000

-

-

light scattering, tetramer peak (about 2% of the principal peak) in the absence of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, G230D mutant

230000

-

-

gel filtration

236000

-

-

gel filtration

251000

-

Candida mycoderma

-

diffusion and sedimentation data

280000

300000

-

sedimentation equilibrium light scattering method

391000

-

-

light scattering, tetramer peak (about 9% of the principal peak) in the absence of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, wild type enzyme

?

-

x * 56000, deduced from gene sequence

?

-

? * 56000, SDS-PAGE

?

D3KVM3, -

x * 60400, calculated from amino acid sequence

?

-

x * 50000, SDS-PAGE

?

Q75T26

x * 50000, SDS-PAGE; x * 56200, calculated from amino acid sequence

?

B0I530, -

x * 50000, SDS-PAGE; x * 54600, calculated from amino acid sequence

?

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense IL2343

-

x * 60400, calculated from amino acid sequence

-

?

Trypanosoma brucei ILTat1.4

-

x * 50000, SDS-PAGE

-

?

Trypanosoma congolense IL1180

-

x * 50000, SDS-PAGE; x * 56200, calculated from amino acid sequence

-

?

Trypanosoma vivax IL1392

-

x * 50000, SDS-PAGE; x * 54600, calculated from amino acid sequence

-

dimer

-

2 * 56000, SDS-PAGE, deduced from gene sequence

dimer

-

crystal structure analysis, probably active state of enzyme

dimer

-

light scattering analysis confirmed G230D is a dimer and is resistant to tetramer formation in the presence of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, whereas the wild type enzyme dimers are converted into putatively inactive tetramers in the presence of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.

dimer or tetramer

-

2 or 4 * 60000, in solution, the enzyme exists in a dimer-tetramer equilibrium

homodimer

-

crystal structure

homodimer

-, Q8IDI4

2 x 57289 (501 residues plus an additional six N-terminal residues from the linker region), mass spectrometry

homotetramer

-

dimer-tetramer equilibrium in solution, tetramer in the crystal

monomer

-

1 * 53000

tetramer

-

4 * 55000-57000, equilibrium ultracentrifugation in presence of 6 M guanidine HCl, SDS-PAGE

tetramer

-

4 * 60000, SDS-PAGE

tetramer

-

4 * 55000, SDS-PAGE

tetramer

-

tetramer

-

4 * 58000, SDS-PAGE

tetramer

-

crystal structure

tetramer

-

4 * 58000, SDS-PAGE

tetramer

-

4 * 50000, SDS-PAGE

tetramer

-

composed of two dimers, crystal structure analysis

tetramer

-

crystal structure analysis, probably inactive state of enzyme

phosphoprotein

-

phosphorylation at His232 activates the kinase 10-15-fold

phosphoprotein

-

can be phosphorylated causing slight increase in activity

641314

additional information

-

activity is enhanced phosphorylation of His232

-

-

-

Candida mycoderma

-

-

-

crystals are obtained by the hanging-drop technique from a solution containing 29% polyethylene glycol 400, 0.1 M sodium acetate pH 4.5, 0.1 M calcium acetate and 10% glycerol. The crystals can grow in the presence of 33% PEG 400, which allows to mount the crystals and directyl flash-cool them. Repeated flash-annealing causes a significant decrease in the averaged mosaicity along with an increase in the overall peak counts of reflections and an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio. Individual reflection-profile analysis reveales a mostly dual domain structure, showing the minimization of one domain as a result of flash-annealing.

-

677308

crystals of native and mutant enzyme with bound glycerol, hanging drop vapor diffusion method

-

-

-

641294, 641295, 641300, 641317

in complex with glycerol, ADP and the allosteric effector enzyme IIAGlc

-

in complex with glycerol, in presence and absence of fructose 1,6-diphosphate, mechanism

-

641326

of wild type and mutant A65T, both in complex with glycerol and ADP, and of mutant I474D, in complex with IIAGlc

-

the crystal structure of glycerol kinase mutant G230D is determined to 2.0 A resolution using a microfluidics based crystallization platform; using modified microfluidic scale-up diffraction device, crystals form after one week at ambient temperature unter crystallization conditions 0.3 M magnesium chloride, 0.1 M TrisHCl (pH 8.5), and 20% PEG 1500. Using vapor diffusion crystallization, crystals appear after one week at ambient temperature using the crystallization conditions 0.1 M magnesium chloride, 0.1 M TrisHCl (pH 8.5), and 10% PEG 1500. Glycerol kinase of the mutant G230D crystallied in space group P21 with two tetramers of 222 point symmetry in the asu. The average B factor for the overall structure of the G230D mutant is 21.2 A2.

-

-

-, Q8IDI4

crystals are grown at 20°C by the sitting-drop vapour diffusion method. Native X-ray diffraction data are collected to 2.4 A resolution using synchrotron radiation at station BL44XU of SPring-8. The crystal belongs to the rhombohedral space group R3, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 217.48, c = 66.48 A. The protein is also cocrystallized with substrates and diffraction data are collected to 2.7 A resolution

O93623

684168

using sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method at 293 K. Native Tk-glycerol kinase crystals appear after a few days using Wizard I solution No. 25 (0.1 M Tris pH 8.5, 0.2 M MgCl2, 30% PEG 400). Diffraction spots sufficient for structural determination at high resolution are not obtained when a crystal of Tk-glycerol kinase is mounted on a CryoLoop without cryoprotectant, diffraction patterns of the crystal are improved by using Paratone-N as cryoprotectant. Native X-ray diffraction data are collected to 2.4 A resolution using synchrotron radiation at station BL44XU of SPring-8. The crystals belong to the rhombohedral space group R3, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 217.48, c = 66.48 A. Assuming the presence of two molecules in the asymmetric unit, the VM value is 2.7 A3Da-1 and the solvent content is 54.1%.

-

677400

-

Thermus aquaticus

-

641327

sitting drop vapor diffusion method, using 30% (w/v) PEG 400 and 100 mM HEPES pH 7.0, at 20°C

D3KVM3, -

5

-

-

0°C, 6 h, without glycerol, completely stable

5

-

-

0°C, 24 h, complete loss of activity, 30°C, 30 min, 75% loss of activity

6

7

-

0°C, half-life: 24 h

6

8

-

high stability

688443

6

9

-

30°C, in presence of glycerol, completely stable for 30 min

6.7

-

Candida mycoderma

-

highest stability

7

-

-

0°C, 6 h, without glycerol, 90% loss of activity

7

-

-

0°C, 24 h, 50% loss of activity

7.5

-

-

25°C, no loss of activity after several h

9.8

-

-

25°C, half-life: 6.5 min

additional information

-

-

glycerol affords considerable stabilization at the unfavorable pH values, glycerol kinases from microorganisms most stable at a neutral pH, glycerol kinases from higher organisms most stable in an acidic pH range

20

-

Candida mycoderma

-

t1/2: 4.1 days

20

-

-

t1/2 8.6 days

20

-

-

no loss of activity detectable

37

-

-

2 weeks, stable

50

-

-

5 min, 30% loss of activity

50

-

-

1 h, stable

688443

60

-

Bacillus subtilis, Bombus sp., Bos taurus, Candida mycoderma, Cavia porcellus, Clostridium novyi, Columba sp., Cyberlindnera jadinii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Felis catus, Galactomyces geotrichum, Gluconobacter oxydans, Halobacterium salinarum, Homo sapiens, Locusta sp., Mesocricetus auratus, Mus musculus, Mycobacterium butyricum, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium sp., Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Neurospora crassa, Nocardia asteroides, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rattus norvegicus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, trout, Wickerhamomyces anomalus

-

in presence of 10 mM glycerol and 1 mM EDTA almost all glycerol kinases can be heated for prolonged periods

60

-

Candida mycoderma

-

t1/2: 0.72 min

60

-

-

t1/2: 4.5 min

60

-

-

t1/2: 310 min

65

-

-

10 min, stable

68

-

-

30 min, pH 7.5, 50% activity

70

-

Bacillus subtilis, Bombus sp., Bos taurus, Candida mycoderma, Cavia porcellus, Clostridium novyi, Columba sp., Cyberlindnera jadinii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis

-

70

-

-

t1/2: 5 min

70

-

Felis catus, Galactomyces geotrichum, Gluconobacter oxydans, Halobacterium salinarum, Homo sapiens, Locusta sp., Mesocricetus auratus, Mus musculus, Mycobacterium butyricum, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium sp., Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Neurospora crassa, Nocardia asteroides, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rattus norvegicus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, trout, Wickerhamomyces anomalus

-

70

-

Candida mycoderma, Escherichia coli

-

70

-

-

t1/2: 3 min

70

-

-

when the enzyme fused with either polyphosphate kinase of Thermus thermophilus HB27 or an Escherichia coli membrane-intrinsic protein YedZ is incubated at 70°C for 2 h, more than 80% of enzyme activity is retained in the heated Escherichia coli cells

80

-

-

t1/2: 0.53 min

100

-

-

30 min, loss of 50% of activity

additional information

-

-

additional information

-

-

enzyme is quite heat labile

additional information

-

-

additional information

-

-

normal and mutant enzyme stabilized against heat inactivation by glycerol, but not by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

641311

dialysis, against 0.01 M phosphate buffer, at 2°C, pH 6.7, 50% loss of activity without glycerol, stable in presence of 0.01 M glycerol

Candida mycoderma

-

ethanediol stabilizes

Candida mycoderma

-

pigeon liver enzyme is sensitive to extreme dilution but can be stabilized by addition of 0.01% bovine serum albumin

-

glycerol, 0.01 M, EDTA, 0.001 M and 0.001 M 2-mercaptoethanol prevent inactivation during purification

-

normal and mutant enzyme stabilized against heat inactivation by glycerol, but not by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

-

(NH4)2SO4 stabilizes

-

glycerol affords considerable stabilization at the unfavorable pH values

-

freezing without glycerol inactivates

-

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rattus norvegicus

the enzyme in crude extracts is stable to freezing and thawing, while more purified preparations are inactivated

-

No entries in this field

susceptible to inactivation by oxidation of sulfhydryl groups

-

641287

4°C, crystallized suspension in 2.2 M ammonium sulfate, stable for several months

Candida mycoderma

-

-20°C, pH 5.0, partially purified enzymes have half-lives of several weeks to months

-

0°C, suspension of crystals, 10 mM glycerol, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 0.1 M potassium phosphate, pH 7.0, saturated with ammonium sulfate, stable for several years

-

as crystalline suspension in saturated ammonium sulfate, solutions containing 10 mM glycerol, 1 mM EDTA and a thiol e.g. 2-mercaptoethanol, yeast enzyme stable for several months, E. coli enzyme for several years

-

-20°C, pH 5.0, partially purified enzymes have half-lives of several weeks to months

Mesocricetus auratus

-

-20°C, 50% glycerol, stable for more than 1 year

-

-20°C, pH 5.0, partially purified enzymes have half-lives of several weeks to months

-

as crystalline suspension in saturated ammonium sulfate, solutions containing 10 mM glycerol, 1 mM EDTA and a thiol e.g. 2-mercaptoethanol, yeast enzyme stable for several months, E. coli enzyme for several years

-

-

-

-

Candida mycoderma

-

-

-

-

Culex pipiens fatigans

-

-

-

-

-

native and mutant enzyme

-

-

-

-

-

641294, 641295, 641303, 701908, 701931

GSTrap FF column chromatography, gel filtration

-

metal-chelate affinity chromatography using a Ni-NTA column, anion exchange chromatography using a Mono Q 5/50 GL column and gel filtration chromatography using s Superdex 200 10/30 GL column,all purification steps are performed in standard buffer (20 mM TrisHCl (pH 7.5), 10 mM glycerol, 1 mM beta-mercaptoethanol) at 4°C excluding the affinity chromatography purification; mutant enzyme G230D

-

normal and genetically altered enzyme

-

partial

-

-

-

application of triazine dye affinity chromatography to large-scale purification

-

641306

partial

-

-

-

partial

-

-

-, Q8IDI4

HiTrapQ HP column, Bio-Scale CHT20-I column, all purification procedures are carried out at 277 K.

-

-

-

recombinant enzyme

-

-

-

nickel affinity column chromatography

-

Ni-NTA agarose column chromatography and Superdex 200 gel filtration

D3KVM3, -

nickel affinity column chromatography

Q75T26

nickel affinity column chromatography

B0I530, -

-

-

-

-

His-tag, expressed in Escherichia coli

-

-

-

701908, 701931

expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)pLysS cells

-

expressed in Escherichia coli Shot BL21 star (DE3) cells

-

-

-

both isoforms expressed in COS-7 cells

-

expressed in H4IIE cell rat hepatoma cells

-

723091

both isoforms expressed in COS-7 cells

-

expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with maltose-binding protein

-, Q8IDI4

expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33 cells

-

-

-

expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta2 (DE3) pLysS cells

-

overproduced in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)

-

677400

-

-

contains PTS1-like targeting sequence for glycosomal localization

-

expressed in Escherichia coli

-

expressed in Escherichia coli JM109 (DE3 + pRARE2) cells

D3KVM3, -

expressed in Escherichia coli

Q75T26

expressed in Escherichia coli

B0I530, -

upregulated in diapause eggs exposed to 5°C

B0I1G6, B0M0V1, -

transcript is upregulated by addition of glycerol

Haloferax volcanii

-

704298

in ambient smelt, activity remains constant until April when it starts to increase significantly to reach a maximum in May at levels almost 25times higher than those recorded in November

Osmerus mordax

-

721260

upregulated in sexual blood stage parasite

-, Q8IDI4

S329D

-

increase in thermostability, increase in Km by 100%

S329D

-

mechanism of stabilization

641324

S414N

-

increased thermostability, mechanism of stabilization

641324

H232A

-

lacks the site of activation by phosphorylation, activity similar to unphosphorylated native enzyme

H232A

-

residue located in the activation loop

H232E

-

residue located in the activation loop

H232R

-

residue located in the activation loop, mutant protein has enhanced activity

A65T

-

crystal structure

A65T

-

oligomeric interactions are disturbed by the amino acid substitution

D72V

-

the catalytic properties of the mutant differ little from those of the wild type enzyme. The mutant shows 14.76% expression compared to the wild type enzyme

E121C

-

mutant protein is labeled with extrinsic fluorophores for FRET

E478C

-

mutation increases the affinity for glucose-specific phosphocarrier protein of the phosphoenolpyruvate:glucose phosphotransferase system (IIA(Glc))

E478C/T428V/R429N

-

T428V and R429N replace two coupling locus amino acids with those from Haemophilus influenzae glycerol kinase

E92C

-

mutant protein is labeled with extrinsic fluorophores for FRET

G230D

-

hyperactive mutant enzyme; structural analysis reveal that the decreased allosteric regulation in the G230D mutant is a result of the altered fructose 1,6-bisphosphate binding loop conformations in the mutant that interfere with the wild-type fructose 1,6-bisphosphate binding site. The altered fructose 1,6-bisphosphate binding loop conformation in the G230D mutant of glycerol kinase are supported through a series of intramolecular loop interactions. The appearence of Asp230 in the fructose 1,6-bisphosphate binding loops also repositions the wildtype fructose 1,6-bisphosphate binding residues away from the fructose 1,6-bisphosphate binging site.

G304S

-

no inhibition by allosteric ligands, mechanism

641322

G427D/T428V/R429N

-

replacement of all three of the coupling locus amino acids with those from Haemophilus influenzae glycerol kinase

I474A

-

the maximum extent of IIAGlc inhibition is reduced for the mutant enzyme

I474C

-

the maximum extent of IIAGlc inhibition is reduced for the mutant enzyme

I474D

-

crystal structure

M271I

-

the mutant shows strongly increased Km for ATP and 30.75% expression compared to the wild type enzyme

Q37P

-

the mutant shows strongly increased Km for ATP and 65.73% expression compared to the wild type enzyme

R369A

-

oligomeric interactions are disturbed by the amino acid substitution

R479A

-

the maximum extent of IIAGlc inhibition is reduced for the mutant enzyme

R479C

-

the maximum extent of IIAGlc inhibition is reduced for the mutant enzyme

V61L

-

the catalytic properties of the mutant differ little from those of the wild type enzyme. The mutant shows 12.71% expression compared to the wild type enzyme

G304S

Escherichia coli C.Lin 43

-

no inhibition by allosteric ligands, mechanism

-

E398D

P32189

naturally occurring mutation in patients with glyceroluria, causes a strong decrease in enzyme activity

G280A

-

naturally occurring mutation in a patient with glyceroluria, causes a strong decrease in enzyme activity, mutation affects a highly conserved amino acid in the ATP-binding domain

661668

A137S

-

affinity for substrates increased 3-4 fold

L61P

P32189

naturally occurring mutation in patients with glyceroluria, causes an 5-10-fold increased Km for glycerol

additional information

P32189

a naturally occuring mutation in intron 3 causes the insertion of an additional exon

additional information

-

Aqp7-/- knock out mice. Gene replacement targeting strategy is used to inactivate the Aqp7 gene in R1 mouse ES cells. Targeted ES cell clones are injected into blastocysts of C57BL/6J mice. Glycerol kinase expression (mRNA level) and activity is increased in pancreatic islets of Aqp7-/- mice compared to Aqp+/+ mice.

681924

additional information

-

Aqp7-knockout mice

682503

No entries in this field

synthesis