5.5.1.13: ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 5.5.1.13
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5.5.1.13
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gibberellin
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diterpene
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diterpenoids
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geranylgeranyl
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phytohormone
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phytoalexins
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ent-cpp
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ent-kaurenoic
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phytocassanes
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e,e,e-geranylgeranyl
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oscps4
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3-oxidase
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ga-deficient
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labdane-related
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ga1
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ditpss
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oryzalexins
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ga20ox
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syn-copalyl
- 5.5.1.13
- gibberellin
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diterpene
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diterpenoids
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geranylgeranyl
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phytohormone
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phytoalexins
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ent-cpp
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ent-kaurenoic
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phytocassanes
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e,e,e-geranylgeranyl
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oscps4
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3-oxidase
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ga-deficient
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labdane-related
- ga1
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ditpss
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oryzalexins
- ga20ox
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syn-copalyl
Reaction
Synonyms
copalyl diphosphate synthase/ent-kaurene synthase, copalyl synthase/kaurene synthase, CPS, CPS/KS, CPS1, CPS2, CPS2/Cyc2, CPS3, ent-copalyl/ent-kaurene synthase, ent-copylyl diphosphate synthase/ent-kaurene synthase, ent-CPS, ent-kaurene synthase A, ent-kaurene synthetase A, GfCPS/KS, OsCPS1, OsCPS1ent, OsCPS2ent, OsCyc2
ECTree
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General Information
General Information on EC 5.5.1.13 - ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase
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evolution
malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
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TPS genes in both gymnosperms and angiosperms are likely derived from a duplication of an ancestral gene encoding a bifunctional kaurene synthase, TPS family size and comparison of physiological functions of TPS enzymes in different organisms, overview. The genomes of some model angiosperms and gymnosperms contain 40-152 TPS genes, not all of them functional and most of the functional ones having lost activity in either the CPS- or KS-type domains. TPS genes are generally divided into seven clades, with some plant lineages having a majority of their TPS genes in one or two clades, indicating lineage-specific expansion of specific types of genes. Evolutionary plasticity is evident in the TPS family, with closely related enzymes differing in their product profiles, subcellular localization, or the in planta substrates they use. Based on the reaction mechanism and products formed, plant TPSs can be classified into two groups: class I and class II, detailed overview
evolution
-
TPS genes in both gymnosperms and angiosperms are likely derived from a duplication of an ancestral gene encoding a bifunctional kaurene synthase, TPS family size and comparison of physiological functions of TPS enzymes in different organisms, overview. The genomes of some model angiosperms and gymnosperms contain 40-152 TPS genes, not all of them functional and most of the functional ones having lost activity in either the CPS- or KS-type domains. TPS genes are generally divided into seven clades, with some plant lineages having a majority of their TPS genes in one or two clades, indicating lineage-specific expansion of specific types of genes. Evolutionary plasticity is evident in the TPS family, with closely related enzymes differing in their product profiles, subcellular localization, or the in planta substrates they use. Based on the reaction mechanism and products formed, plant TPSs can be classified into two groups: class I and class II, detailed overview
evolution
-
TPS genes in both gymnosperms and angiosperms are likely derived from a duplication of an ancestral gene encoding a bifunctional kaurene synthase, TPS family size and comparison of physiological functions of TPS enzymes in different organisms, overview. The genomes of some model angiosperms and gymnosperms contain 40-152 TPS genes, not all of them functional and most of the functional ones having lost activity in either the CPS- or KS-type domains. TPS genes are generally divided into seven clades, with some plant lineages having a majority of their TPS genes in one or two clades, indicating lineage-specific expansion of specific types of genes. Evolutionary plasticity is evident in the TPS family, with closely related enzymes differing in their product profiles, subcellular localization, or the in planta substrates they use. Based on the reaction mechanism and products formed, plant TPSs can be classified into two groups: class I and class II, detailed overview
evolution
-
TPS genes in both gymnosperms and angiosperms are likely derived from a duplication of an ancestral gene encoding a bifunctional kaurene synthase, TPS family size and comparison of physiological functions of TPS enzymes in different organisms, overview. The genomes of some model angiosperms and gymnosperms contain 40-152 TPS genes, not all of them functional and most of the functional ones having lost activity in either the CPS- or KS-type domains. TPS genes are generally divided into seven clades, with some plant lineages having a majority of their TPS genes in one or two clades, indicating lineage-specific expansion of specific types of genes. Evolutionary plasticity is evident in the TPS family, with closely related enzymes differing in their product profiles, subcellular localization, or the in planta substrates they use. Based on the reaction mechanism and products formed, plant TPSs can be classified into two groups: class I and class II, detailed overview
evolution
-
TPS genes in both gymnosperms and angiosperms are likely derived from a duplication of an ancestral gene encoding a bifunctional kaurene synthase, TPS family size and comparison of physiological functions of TPS enzymes in different organisms, overview. The genomes of some model angiosperms and gymnosperms contain 40-152 TPS genes, not all of them functional and most of the functional ones having lost activity in either the CPS- or KS-type domains. TPS genes are generally divided into seven clades, with some plant lineages having a majority of their TPS genes in one or two clades, indicating lineage-specific expansion of specific types of genes. Evolutionary plasticity is evident in the TPS family, with closely related enzymes differing in their product profiles, subcellular localization, or the in planta substrates they use. Based on the reaction mechanism and products formed, plant TPSs can be classified into two groups: class I and class II, detailed overview
evolution
-
TPS genes in both gymnosperms and angiosperms are likely derived from a duplication of an ancestral gene encoding a bifunctional kaurene synthase, TPS family size and comparison of physiological functions of TPS enzymes in different organisms, overview. The genomes of some model angiosperms and gymnosperms contain 40-152 TPS genes, not all of them functional and most of the functional ones having lost activity in either the CPS- or KS-type domains. TPS genes are generally divided into seven clades, with some plant lineages having a majority of their TPS genes in one or two clades, indicating lineage-specific expansion of specific types of genes. Evolutionary plasticity is evident in the TPS family, with closely related enzymes differing in their product profiles, subcellular localization, or the in planta substrates they use. Based on the reaction mechanism and products formed, plant TPSs can be classified into two groups: class I and class II, detailed overview
evolution
-
TPS genes in both gymnosperms and angiosperms are likely derived from a duplication of an ancestral gene encoding a bifunctional kaurene synthase, TPS family size and comparison of physiological functions of TPS enzymes in different organisms, overview. The genomes of some model angiosperms and gymnosperms contain 40-152 TPS genes, not all of them functional and most of the functional ones having lost activity in either the CPS- or KS-type domains. TPS genes are generally divided into seven clades, with some plant lineages having a majority of their TPS genes in one or two clades, indicating lineage-specific expansion of specific types of genes. Evolutionary plasticity is evident in the TPS family, with closely related enzymes differing in their product profiles, subcellular localization, or the in planta substrates they use. Based on the reaction mechanism and products formed, plant TPSs can be classified into two groups: class I and class II, detailed overview
evolution
-
TPS genes in both gymnosperms and angiosperms are likely derived from a duplication of an ancestral gene encoding a bifunctional kaurene synthase, TPS family size and comparison of physiological functions of TPS enzymes in different organisms, overview. The genomes of some model angiosperms and gymnosperms contain 40-152 TPS genes, not all of them functional and most of the functional ones having lost activity in either the CPS- or KS-type domains. TPS genes are generally divided into seven clades, with some plant lineages having a majority of their TPS genes in one or two clades, indicating lineage-specific expansion of specific types of genes. Evolutionary plasticity is evident in the TPS family, with closely related enzymes differing in their product profiles, subcellular localization, or the in planta substrates they use. Based on the reaction mechanism and products formed, plant TPSs can be classified into two groups: class I and class II, detailed overview
evolution
-
TPS genes in both gymnosperms and angiosperms are likely derived from a duplication of an ancestral gene encoding a bifunctional kaurene synthase, TPS family size and comparison of physiological functions of TPS enzymes in different organisms, overview. The genomes of some model angiosperms and gymnosperms contain 40-152 TPS genes, not all of them functional and most of the functional ones having lost activity in either the CPS- or KS-type domains. TPS genes are generally divided into seven clades, with some plant lineages having a majority of their TPS genes in one or two clades, indicating lineage-specific expansion of specific types of genes. Evolutionary plasticity is evident in the TPS family, with closely related enzymes differing in their product profiles, subcellular localization, or the in planta substrates they use. Based on the reaction mechanism and products formed, plant TPSs can be classified into two groups: class I and class II, detailed overview
evolution
-
TPS genes in both gymnosperms and angiosperms are likely derived from a duplication of an ancestral gene encoding a bifunctional kaurene synthase, TPS family size and comparison of physiological functions of TPS enzymes in different organisms, overview. The genomes of some model angiosperms and gymnosperms contain 40-152 TPS genes, not all of them functional and most of the functional ones having lost activity in either the CPS- or KS-type domains. TPS genes are generally divided into seven clades, with some plant lineages having a majority of their TPS genes in one or two clades, indicating lineage-specific expansion of specific types of genes. Evolutionary plasticity is evident in the TPS family, with closely related enzymes differing in their product profiles, subcellular localization, or the in planta substrates they use. Based on the reaction mechanism and products formed, plant TPSs can be classified into two groups: class I and class II, detailed overview
evolution
-
TPS genes in both gymnosperms and angiosperms are likely derived from a duplication of an ancestral gene encoding a bifunctional kaurene synthase, TPS family size and comparison of physiological functions of TPS enzymes in different organisms, overview. The genomes of some model angiosperms and gymnosperms contain 40-152 TPS genes, not all of them functional and most of the functional ones having lost activity in either the CPS- or KS-type domains. TPS genes are generally divided into seven clades, with some plant lineages having a majority of their TPS genes in one or two clades, indicating lineage-specific expansion of specific types of genes. Evolutionary plasticity is evident in the TPS family, with closely related enzymes differing in their product profiles, subcellular localization, or the in planta substrates they use. Based on the reaction mechanism and products formed, plant TPSs can be classified into two groups: class I and class II, detailed overview
evolution
-
TPS genes in both gymnosperms and angiosperms are likely derived from a duplication of an ancestral gene encoding a bifunctional kaurene synthase, TPS family size and comparison of physiological functions of TPS enzymes in different organisms, overview. The genomes of some model angiosperms and gymnosperms contain 40-152 TPS genes, not all of them functional and most of the functional ones having lost activity in either the CPS- or KS-type domains. TPS genes are generally divided into seven clades, with some plant lineages having a majority of their TPS genes in one or two clades, indicating lineage-specific expansion of specific types of genes. Evolutionary plasticity is evident in the TPS family, with closely related enzymes differing in their product profiles, subcellular localization, or the in planta substrates they use. Based on the reaction mechanism and products formed, plant TPSs can be classified into two groups: class I and class II, detailed overview
CPS/KS disruption mutant lines have defect in protonemal development. The differentiation of chloronemata to caulonemata is suppressed in the CPS/KS knockout mutants
malfunction
CPS/KS disruption mutant lines have defect in protonemal development. The differentiation of chloronemata to caulonemata is suppressed in the CPS/KS knockout mutants
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in flowering plants, ent-kaurene is biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl diphosphate by two distinct cyclases, ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase and ent-kaurene synthase
metabolism
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in flowering plants, entkaurene is biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl diphosphate by two distinct cyclases, ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase and ent-kaurene synthase
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isoforms CPS1 and CPS2 are responsible for the anti-pathogen effects while isoform CPS3 functions in gibberellin biosynthesis
physiological function
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ent-kaurene, a tetracyclic diterpene hydrocarbon, is the biosynthetic intermediate of the plant hormone gibberellin, and is synthesized from geranylgeranyl diphosphate via ent-copalyl diphosphate. The bifunctional ent-kaurene synthase CPS/KS produces both entkaurene and 16alpha-hydroxy-ent-kaurane from geranylgeranyl diphosphate via ent-copalyl diphosphate. Hydrophobicity and size of the side chain residue at the PpCPS/KS amino acid 710 is responsible for quenching the ent-kauranyl cation by the addition of a water molecule
physiological function
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the bifunctional ent-kaurene synthase CPS/KS produces both entkaurene and 16alpha-hydroxy-ent-kaurane from geranylgeranyl diphosphate via ent-copalyl diphosphate. Hydrophobicity and size of the side chain residue at the PpCPS/KS amino acid 710 is responsible for quenching the ent-kauranyl cation by the addition of a water molecule
physiological function
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the TPS gene encodes a copalyl synthase/kaurene synthase, CPS/KS, a bifunctional enzyme. Copalyl diphosphate synthase, CPS, and kaurene synthase, KS, convert geranylgeranyl diphosphate first to copalyl diphosphate, then to ent-kaurene, the precursor of all plant gibberellins
physiological function
-
the TPS gene encodes a copalyl synthase/kaurene synthase, CPS/KS, a bifunctional enzyme. Copalyl diphosphate synthase, CPS, and kaurene synthase, KS, convert geranylgeranyl diphosphate first to copalyl diphosphate, then to ent-kaurene, the precursor of all plant gibberellins
physiological function
-
the TPS gene encodes a copalyl synthase/kaurene synthase, CPS/KS, a bifunctional enzyme. Copalyl diphosphate synthase, CPS, and kaurene synthase, KS, convert geranylgeranyl diphosphate first to copalyl diphosphate, then to ent-kaurene, the precursor of all plant gibberellins
physiological function
-
the TPS gene encodes a copalyl synthase/kaurene synthase, CPS/KS, a bifunctional enzyme. Copalyl diphosphate synthase, CPS, and kaurene synthase, KS, convert geranylgeranyl diphosphate first to copalyl diphosphate, then to ent-kaurene, the precursor of all plant gibberellins
physiological function
-
the TPS gene encodes a copalyl synthase/kaurene synthase, CPS/KS, a bifunctional enzyme. Copalyl diphosphate synthase, CPS, and kaurene synthase, KS, convert geranylgeranyl diphosphate first to copalyl diphosphate, then to ent-kaurene, the precursor of all plant gibberellins
physiological function
-
the TPS gene encodes a copalyl synthase/kaurene synthase, CPS/KS, a bifunctional enzyme. Copalyl diphosphate synthase, CPS, and kaurene synthase, KS, convert geranylgeranyl diphosphate first to copalyl diphosphate, then to ent-kaurene, the precursor of all plant gibberellins
physiological function
-
the TPS gene encodes a copalyl synthase/kaurene synthase, CPS/KS, a bifunctional enzyme. Copalyl diphosphate synthase, CPS, and kaurene synthase, KS, convert geranylgeranyl diphosphate first to copalyl diphosphate, then to ent-kaurene, the precursor of all plant gibberellins
physiological function
-
the TPS gene encodes a copalyl synthase/kaurene synthase, CPS/KS, a bifunctional enzyme. Copalyl diphosphate synthase, CPS, and kaurene synthase, KS, convert geranylgeranyl diphosphate first to copalyl diphosphate, then to ent-kaurene, the precursor of all plant gibberellins
physiological function
-
the TPS gene encodes a copalyl synthase/kaurene synthase, CPS/KS, a bifunctional enzyme. Copalyl diphosphate synthase, CPS, and kaurene synthase, KS, convert geranylgeranyl diphosphate first to copalyl diphosphate, then to ent-kaurene, the precursor of all plant gibberellins
physiological function
-
the TPS gene encodes a copalyl synthase/kaurene synthase, CPS/KS, a bifunctional enzyme. Copalyl diphosphate synthase, CPS, and kaurene synthase, KS, convert geranylgeranyl diphosphate first to copalyl diphosphate, then to ent-kaurene, the precursor of all plant gibberellins
physiological function
-
the TPS gene encodes a copalyl synthase/kaurene synthase, CPS/KS, a bifunctional enzyme. Copalyl diphosphate synthase, CPS, and kaurene synthase, KS, convert geranylgeranyl diphosphate first to copalyl diphosphate, then to ent-kaurene, the precursor of all plant gibberellins
physiological function
-
the TPS gene encodes a copalyl synthase/kaurene synthase, CPS/KS, a bifunctional enzyme. Copalyl diphosphate synthase, CPS, and kaurene synthase, KS, convert geranylgeranyl diphosphate first to copalyl diphosphate, then to ent-kaurene, the precursor of all plant gibberellins