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4.1.1.101: malolactic enzyme

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about malolactic enzyme, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 4.1.1.101

Reaction

(S)-malate
=
(S)-lactate
 +
CO2

Synonyms

LEUM_1005, MLE, mleA, mleS

ECTree

     4 Lyases
         4.1 Carbon-carbon lyases
             4.1.1 Carboxy-lyases
                4.1.1.101 malolactic enzyme

Expression

Expression on EC 4.1.1.101 - malolactic enzyme

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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
enzyme is constitutively expressed. Addition of L-malic acid (37 mM) to the growth medium results in increased activity, addition of the D-isomer alone or the racemic mixture results in lower activities. Addition of the main sugars in apple juice (fructose, sucrose, and glucose) to the growth medium in the presence of malic acid represses production of the enzyme. In the absence of malic acid, addition of sugars to the growth medium somewhat increases the residual malolactic activity
-
expression of malolactic enzyme is decreased in the presence of ethanol
expression of malolactic enzyme is inducible by the presence of malic acid, with increased expression in the middle of malolactic fermentation. Expression is also increased at low pH values
expression of mle genes encoding malolactic enzyme mleS, the putative L-malate transporter MleT, and the putative regulator MleR is induced by L-malic acid and it is not subject to carbon catabolite repression
-
gene expression is up 250fold increased in the presence of L-malate
optimal conditions for expressions are presence of 7 g/l L-malic acid in the growth medium