Involved with EC 6.3.2.7 (UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate---L-lysine ligase) or EC 6.3.2.13 (UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate---2,6-diaminopimelate ligase), EC 6.3.2.8 (UDP-N-acetylmuramate---L-alanine ligase), EC 6.3.2.9 (UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine---D-glutamate ligase) and EC 6.3.2.10 (UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide---D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase) in the synthesis of a cell-wall peptide (click here for diagram).
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
D-alanine:D-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
Involved with EC 6.3.2.7 (UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate---L-lysine ligase) or EC 6.3.2.13 (UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate---2,6-diaminopimelate ligase), EC 6.3.2.8 (UDP-N-acetylmuramate---L-alanine ligase), EC 6.3.2.9 (UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine---D-glutamate ligase) and EC 6.3.2.10 (UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide---D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase) in the synthesis of a cell-wall peptide (click here for diagram).
Phe261 is a key specificity determinant in the alpha-helical cap of the Omega-loop when folded into the closed conformation, molecular docking, overview. The hydroxyl of Tyr261 plays an instrumental role in determining non-productive docking orientations of dlactate, i.e. D-lactate-OH as an H-bond donor to the Tyr261-OH or D-lactate as an H-bond donor to the phosphoryl of the intermediate D-alanyl phosphate, and the D-lactate-COO- as an H-bond acceptor for the Tyr261-OH. Arg301 is required for the activation of the nucleophilic D-lactate for D-Ala-D-lactate formation. Ligand binding docking structure study, involving also the transition-state analogue, overview
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CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
molecular docking study on the orientations of substrates. Residue Arg301 has a dual function in a sequential reaction mechanism, i.e. substrate orientation in subsite 2 as well as stabilization of the transition state. With D-lactate a bifurcated H-bond from Arg301 to the R-OH of D-lactate may account for its orientation and nucleophile activation. This orientation is observed when the guanidino side chain of this residue is flexible. D-Ala adopts an orientation that utilizes H-bonding to water 2882 and the D-Ala phosphate in subsite 1. Both of these orientations provide mechanisms of deprotonation and place the nucleophile within 3.2 A of the electrophilic carbonyl of the D-Ala phosphate intermediate for formation of the transition state
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
overproduction in Escherichia coli, the vancomycin resistant enzyme has Phe261 instead of Tyr. The Tyr to Phe substitution on the active site omega-loop in the D-Ala-D-Ala ligases is a molecular indicator of both the ability to make D-Ala-D-Lac and intrinsic resistance to the vancomycin class of glycopeptide antibiotics
D-Alanyl-D-lactate and D-alanyl-D-alanine synthesis by D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase from vancomycin-resistant Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Effects of a phenylalanine 261 to tyrosine mutation
Role of Arg301 in substrate orientation and catalysis in subsite 2 of D-alanine:D-alanine (D-lactate) ligase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides: A molecular docking study
Role of the omega loop in specificity determination in subsite 2 of the D-alanine:D-alanine (D-lactate) ligase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides: a molecular docking study