specific ACS isozymes are targets for regulation by protein phosphatase 2A during Arabidopsis thaliana seedling growth and reduced protein phosphatase 2A function causes increased ACS activity in the roots curl in 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid 1 mutant
specific ACS isozymes are targets for regulation by protein phosphatase 2A during Arabidopsis thaliana seedling growth and reduced protein phosphatase 2A function causes increased ACS activity in the roots curl in 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid 1 mutant
14-3-3 proteins interact with multiple 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase isoforms in Arabidopsis thaliana, 14-3-3 likely acts on all three classes of enzyme proteins
transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing Lycopersicum esculentum gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase exhibit remarkable upregulation of isoforms ACS2, ACS6, and ACO1 at transcript as well as protein levels, while they are downregulated in the GSH-depleted phytoalexin deficient2-1 mutant. Presence of enhanced levels of GSH induce ACS2 and ACS6 transcription in a WRKY33-dependent manner, while ACO1 transcription remains unaffected
proteolytic turnover of the ACS6 protein is retarded when protein phosphatase 2A activity is reduced. Protein phosphatase 2A and ACS6 proteins associate in seedlings and RCN1-containing protein phosphatase 2A complexes specifically dephosphorylate a C-terminal ACS6 phosphopeptide
the enzyme catalyzes the generally rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of the phytohormone ethylene. 14-3-3 proteins exhibit a regulatory function in the pathway by reducing the degradation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase through components of a CULLIN-3 E3 ubiquitin ligase, i.e. ethylene-overproducer 1-like proteins or ETO1/EOLs, that target a subset of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase proteins for rapid degradation by the 26S proteasome. 14-3-3 protein positively regulates type-2 ACS protein stability by both increasing the turnover of the ETO1/EOL BTB E3 ligases that target type-2 ACS proteins and by an ETO1/EOL-independent mechanism. 14-3-3 protein promotes the degradation of ETO1/EOLs, likely via the 26S proteasome pathway
abscisic acid, auxin, gibberellic acid, methyl jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid differentially regulate the stability of ACS proteins, with distinct effects on various isoforms. Heterodimerization between ACS isoforms from distinct subclades results in increased stability of the shorter-lived partner, i.e. isoform ACS7 has a regulatory function to influence the stability of type-1 and type-2 ACS proteins through the formation of heterodimers
transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing Lycopersicum esculentum gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase exhibit remarkable upregulation of isoforms ACS2, ACS6, and ACO1 at transcript as well as protein levels, while they are downregulated in the GSH-depleted phytoalexin deficient2-1 mutant. Presence of enhanced levels of GSH induce ACS2 and ACS6 transcription in a WRKY33-dependent manner, while ACO1 transcription remains unaffected
transformation of Arabidopsis by the floral dip method to yield an AtACS4 and b-glucuronidase construct, characterization of atacs4, atacs8 and atacs4atacs8 knockouts, auxin-resistant 1, axr1-3, and auxin-resistant 2, axr2-1, mutants can not be activated by brassinosteroid
a transient expression system in Arabidopsis protoplasts is used to determine if the interaction with 14-3-3 protein increases the half-life of ACS5. Coexpression of HA-14-3-3v increases the half-life of myc-tagged ACS5 protein in this system
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GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
14-3-3 proteins interact with multiple 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase isoforms in Arabidopsis thaliana leading to stabilization of the isozymes
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
coexpression of HA-tagged EOL2, HA-tagged isozyme ACS5, and increasing levels of HA-tagged 14-3-3omega protein in Arabidospis thaliana protoplasts, seedling phenotypes, overview
expression of ACC synthase is the rate limiting step in ethylene biosynthesis and is controlled by a multiple regulatory pathway of auxin, brassinosteroid and light in Arabidopsis seedlings
identification of compounds inhibiting ethylene biosynthesis at the step of converting S-adenosylmethionine to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid by ACC synthase
ACS4, a primary indoleacetic acid-responsive gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in Arabidopsis thaliana. Structural characterization, expression in Escherichia coli, and expression characteristics in response to auxin
Structure, catalytic activity and evolutionary relationships of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, the key enzyme of ethylene synthesis in higher plants
The BTB ubiquitin ligases ETO1, EOL1 and EOL2 act collectively to regulate ethylene biosynthesis in Arabidopsis by controlling type-2 ACC synthase levels
Auto-regulation of the promoter activities of Arabidopsis 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase genes AtACS4, AtACS5, and AtACS7 in response to different plant hormones
Glutathione regulates 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase transcription via WRKY33 and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase by modulating messenger RNA stability to induce ethylene synthesis during stress