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Information on EC 4.2.1.2 - fumarate hydratase and Organism(s) Rattus norvegicus and UniProt Accession P14408

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EC Tree
     4 Lyases
         4.2 Carbon-oxygen lyases
             4.2.1 Hydro-lyases
                4.2.1.2 fumarate hydratase
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Rattus norvegicus
UNIPROT: P14408 not found.
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The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Rattus norvegicus
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
Reaction Schemes
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(S)-malate
=
fumarate
+
H2O
=
+
Synonyms
fumarase, fumarate hydratase, fumarase c, class ii fumarase, lmfh-2, scfumc, slfumc, mmcbc, lmfh-1, stfumc, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
fumarase
hydratase, fumarate
-
-
-
-
L-malate hydro-lyase
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
elimination
-
-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
(S)-malate hydro-lyase (fumarate-forming)
-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9032-88-6
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(S)-malate
fumarate + H2O
show the reaction diagram
fumarate + H2O
L-malate
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
r
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.14
(S)-malate
-
mitochondrial enzyme
0.013
fumarate
-
cytosolic enzyme
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
721
-
mitochondrial enzyme
730
-
cytosolic enzyme
additional information
-
specific activity of fumarase is 2.9fold higher in SS-13BN rats
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
6.8 - 7.5
-
-
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
-
UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
in thin sections from kidney, liver, heart, adrenal gland and anterior pituitary, strong and specific labeling due to fumarase antibody is only detected in mitochondria. In pancreatic acinar cells, in addition to mitochondria, highly significant labeling is also observed in the zymogen granules and endoplasmic reticulum
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
in thin sections from kidney, liver, heart, adrenal gland and anterior pituitary, strong and specific labeling due to fumarase antibody is only detected in mitochondria. In pancreatic acinar cells, in addition to mitochondria, highly significant labeling is also observed in the zymogen granules and endoplasmic reticulum
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
physiological function
-
presence of lysine at amino acid position 481 in Dahl salt-sensitive rats and glutamic acid in Brown Norway and SS-13BN rats. The variation K481E likely contributes to the much higher specific activity of fumarase in SS-13BN rats. Total fumarase activity is significantly lower in the kidneys of Dahl salt-sensitive rats compared with SS-13BN rats, despite an apparent compensatory increase in fumarase abundance in Dahl salt-sensitive rats
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
FUMH_RAT
507
0
54465
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 2)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
195000
-
calculation from amino acid analysis
200000
-
sucrose density gradient centrifugation
45000
-
4 * 45000
49000
-
4 * 49000, SDS-PAGE in presence of 8 M urea
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
tetramer
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
proteolytic modification
-
the precursor of the mitochondrial enzyme has a larger molecular weight than the mature enzyme, whereas the precursor for the cytosolic enzyme has the same molecular weight as the mature enzyme. These two precursors of fumarase are coded by two different mRNAs
CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
K481E
the activity of fumarase is lower in Dahl salt-sensitive SS rats compared with SS.13BN rats. SS.13BN rats have a Brown Norway (BN) allele of fumarase and exhibit attenuated hypertension. The SS allele of fumarase differs from the BN allele by a K481E sequence variation
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
entire protein-coding region of fumarase cDNA cloned from Dahl salt-sensitive, SS-13BN, and Brown Norway rats. PCR product inserted into the T-easy vector and propagated in competent Escherichia coli
-
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
medicine
elevation of total fumarase activity may attenuate the development of hypertension
medicine
-
the degradation of cell membranes in connection with necrosis leads to elevated fumarase activity in plasma and urine and hyperpolarized [1,4-13C2]malate production 24 h after reperfusion correlates with renal necrosis in a 40-min unilateral ischemic rat model. Fumarase activity screening on bio-fluids can detect injury severity. After verification of renal injury by bio-fluid analysis the precise injury location can be monitored by in vivo measurements of the fumarase activity non-invasively by hyperpolarized [1,4-13C]fumarate magnetic resonance imaging
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Kobayashi, K.; Yamanishi, T.; Tuboi, S.
Physicochemical, catalytic, and immunochemical properties of fumarases crystallized separately from mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions of rat liver
J. Biochem.
89
1923-1931
1981
Rattus norvegicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Tuboi, S.; Sato, M.; Ono, H.; Kobayashi, K.; Hiraga, K.
Mechanism of synthesis and localization of mitochondrial and cytosolic fumarases in rat liver
Adv. Enzyme Regul.
25
461-484
1986
Rattus norvegicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Bowes, T.; Singh, B.; Gupta, R.S.
Subcellular localization of fumarase in mammalian cells and tissues
Histochem. Cell Biol.
127
335-346
2007
Rattus norvegicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Tian, Z.; Liu, Y.; Usa, K.; Mladinov, D.; Fang, Y.; Ding, X.; Greene, A.S.; Cowley, A.W.; Liang, M.
Novel role of fumarate metabolism in dahl-salt sensitive hypertension
Hypertension
54
255-260
2009
Rattus norvegicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Usa, K.; Liu, Y.; Geurts, A.M.; Cheng, Y.; Lazar, J.; Baker, M.A.; Grzybowski, M.; He, Y.; Tian, Z.; Liang, M.
Elevation of fumarase attenuates hypertension and can result from a nonsynonymous sequence variation or increased expression depending on rat strain
Physiol. Genomics
49
496-504
2017
Rattus norvegicus (P14408)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Nielsen, P.M.; Eldirdiri, A.; Bertelsen, L.B.; Jorgensen, H.S.; Ardenkjaer-Larsen, J.H.; Laustsen, C.
Fumarase activity an in vivo and in vitro biomarker for acute kidney injury
Sci. Rep.
7
40812
2017
Rattus norvegicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team