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Information on EC 2.6.1.4 - glycine transaminase
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EC Tree
2.6.1.4 glycine transaminaseIUBMB Comments
A pyridoxal-phosphate protein.
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Word Map
- 2.6.1.4
- phgdh
-
photorespiration
-
photorespiratory
-
alanine:glyoxylate
-
neu-laxova
- hydroxypyruvate
-
ggats
- hyperoxaluria
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serine:glyoxylate
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Synonyms
psat1, glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase, glyoxylate-glutamate aminotransferase, glycine transaminase, l-glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
aminotransferase, glycine
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glutamic-glyoxylic transaminase
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GlyAT
glycine aminotransferase
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glyoxylate-glutamate aminotransferase
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glyoxylate-glutamic transaminase
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-
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L-glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase
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-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
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-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
amino group transfer
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-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
KEGG
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
glycine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
A pyridoxal-phosphate protein.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9032-99-9
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
L-asparagine + glyoxylate
4-amino-2,4-dioxobutanoate + glycine
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-
-
?
L-glutamate + pyruvate
2-oxoglutarate + L-alanine
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-
-
?
glyoxylate + L-glutamate
glycine + 2-oxoglutarate
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may be involved in control of human oxalate synthesis by providing alternate pathway for glyoxylate metabolism
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ir
glyoxylate + L-glutamate
glycine + 2-oxoglutarate
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-
-
?
glyoxylate + L-glutamate
glycine + 2-oxoglutarate
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highly specific for glyoxylate and L-glutamate as substrates
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?
glyoxylate + L-glutamate
glycine + 2-oxoglutarate
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involved in the supply of glycine for extracellular porphyrin production
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?
glyoxylate + L-glutamate
glycine + 2-oxoglutarate
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highly specific for glyoxylate and L-glutamate as substrates
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?
glyoxylate + L-glutamate
glycine + 2-oxoglutarate
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involved in the supply of glycine for extracellular porphyrin production
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?
L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate
pyruvate + L-glutamate
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-
-
?
L-alanine + glyoxylate
pyruvate + glycine
L-glutamate and L-alanine are by far the best amino-group donors for glyoxylate
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?
L-glutamate + glyoxylate
2-oxoglutarate + glycine
L-Glu is the preferred amino-group donor both at 25°C and at 37°C
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-
?
L-glutamate + glyoxylate
2-oxoglutarate + glycine
L-glutamate and L-alanine are by far the best amino-group donors for glyoxylate
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-
?
L-glutamate + glyoxylate
2-oxoglutarate + glycine
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-
-
?
additional information
?
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no activity with serine, valine, aspartate, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, isoleucine
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?
additional information
?
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phosphoserine is not an efficient amino-group donor
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?
additional information
?
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phosphoserine is not an efficient amino-group donor
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?
additional information
?
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phosphoserine is not an efficient amino-group donor
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?
additional information
?
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no activity with ammonia, glutathione, L-ornithine or 4-aminobutanoate
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-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
glyoxylate + L-glutamate
glycine + 2-oxoglutarate
-
may be involved in control of human oxalate synthesis by providing alternate pathway for glyoxylate metabolism
-
ir
glyoxylate + L-glutamate
glycine + 2-oxoglutarate
-
involved in the supply of glycine for extracellular porphyrin production
-
?
glyoxylate + L-glutamate
glycine + 2-oxoglutarate
-
involved in the supply of glycine for extracellular porphyrin production
-
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
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no inhibition by aspartate; no substrate inhibition
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Adenocarcinoma
Exogenous and Endogenous Sources of Serine Contribute to Colon Cancer Metabolism, Growth, and Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil.
Adenocarcinoma of Lung
Overexpression of PSAT1 promotes metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by suppressing the IRF1-IFN? axis.
Adenoma
Exogenous and Endogenous Sources of Serine Contribute to Colon Cancer Metabolism, Growth, and Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil.
Atherosclerosis
Schistosoma mansoni Infection-Induced Transcriptional Changes in Hepatic Macrophage Metabolism Correlate With an Athero-Protective Phenotype.
Breast Neoplasms
Association of DNA methylation of phosphoserine aminotransferase with response to endocrine therapy in patients with recurrent breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms
Enhanced serine production by bone metastatic breast cancer cells stimulates osteoclastogenesis.
Breast Neoplasms
Gene signatures and potential therapeutic targets of amino acid metabolism in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms
Identification of Breast Cancer DNA Methylation Markers Optimized for Fine Needle Aspiration Samples.
Breast Neoplasms
Phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 is associated to poor outcome on tamoxifen therapy in recurrent breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms
PSAT1 is regulated by ATF4 and enhances cell proliferation via the GSK3?/?-catenin/cyclin D1 signaling pathway in ER-negative breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms
The breast cancer oncogene IKK? coordinates mitochondrial function and serine metabolism.
Carcinogenesis
Identification of differential proteins in colorectal cancer cells treated with caffeic acid phenethyl ester.
Carcinogenesis
Overexpression of Phosphoserine Aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) Predicts Poor Prognosis and Associates with Tumor Progression in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Carcinogenesis
PSAT1 is regulated by ATF4 and enhances cell proliferation via the GSK3?/?-catenin/cyclin D1 signaling pathway in ER-negative breast cancer.
Carcinogenesis
PSAT1 regulates cyclin D1 degradation and sustains proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells.
Carcinoma
Overexpression of Phosphoserine Aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) Predicts Poor Prognosis and Associates with Tumor Progression in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Carcinoma
Overexpression of phosphoserine aminotransferase PSAT1 stimulates cell growth and increases chemoresistance of colon cancer cells.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
Long non-coding RNA RP4-694A7.2 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Metastasis through the Regulation of PSAT1.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
PSAT1 regulates cyclin D1 degradation and sustains proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells.
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
PSAT1 Regulated Oxidation-Reduction Balance Affects the Growth and Prognosis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.
Colonic Neoplasms
Overexpression of phosphoserine aminotransferase PSAT1 stimulates cell growth and increases chemoresistance of colon cancer cells.
Colorectal Neoplasms
Exogenous and Endogenous Sources of Serine Contribute to Colon Cancer Metabolism, Growth, and Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil.
Colorectal Neoplasms
Identification and validation of PSAT1 as a potential prognostic factor for predicting clinical outcomes in patients with colorectal carcinoma.
Colorectal Neoplasms
Identification of differential proteins in colorectal cancer cells treated with caffeic acid phenethyl ester.
Colorectal Neoplasms
miR-424 targets AKT3 and PSAT1 and has a tumor-suppressive role in human colorectal cancer.
Colorectal Neoplasms
Overexpression of phosphoserine aminotransferase PSAT1 stimulates cell growth and increases chemoresistance of colon cancer cells.
Colorectal Neoplasms
Overexpression of PSAT1 regulated by G9A sustains cell proliferation in colorectal cancer.
Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities
Reduction of stratum corneum ceramides in Neu-Laxova syndrome caused by phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Hepatic phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) regulates insulin sensitivity in mice via tribbles homolog 3 (TRB3).
Esophageal Neoplasms
MicroRNA-365 suppresses cell growth and invasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by modulating phosphoserine aminotransferase 1.
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Overexpression of Phosphoserine Aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) Predicts Poor Prognosis and Associates with Tumor Progression in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Glioblastoma
Regorafenib induces lethal autophagy arrest by stabilizing PSAT1 in glioblastoma.
Glioma
Overexpression of PSAT1 Gene is a Favorable Prognostic Marker in Lower-Grade Gliomas and Predicts a Favorable Outcome in Patients with IDH1 Mutations and Chromosome 1p19q Codeletion.
Glucose Intolerance
Schistosoma mansoni Infection-Induced Transcriptional Changes in Hepatic Macrophage Metabolism Correlate With an Athero-Protective Phenotype.
Hyperlipidemias
Schistosoma mansoni Infection-Induced Transcriptional Changes in Hepatic Macrophage Metabolism Correlate With an Athero-Protective Phenotype.
Hyperoxaluria
High-performance liquid chromatographic microassay for L-glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase activity in human liver. Application in primary hyperoxaluria type 1.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Enzymological characterization of a feline analogue of primary hyperoxaluria type 2: a model for the human disease.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
High-performance liquid chromatographic microassay for L-glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase activity in human liver. Application in primary hyperoxaluria type 1.
Infections
Schistosoma mansoni Infection-Induced Transcriptional Changes in Hepatic Macrophage Metabolism Correlate With an Athero-Protective Phenotype.
Insulin Resistance
Hepatic phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) regulates insulin sensitivity in mice via tribbles homolog 3 (TRB3).
Intracranial Aneurysm
Restored microRNA-133a-3p or Depleted PSAT1 Restrains Endothelial Cell Damage-Induced Intracranial Aneurysm Via Suppressing the GSK3?/?-Catenin Pathway.
Lung Neoplasms
Knock-down of PSAT1 Enhances Sensitivity of NSCLC Cells to Glutamine-limiting Conditions.
Lung Neoplasms
Nuclear Pyruvate Kinase M2 (PKM2) Contributes to Phosphoserine Aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1)-Mediated Cell Migration in EGFR-Activated Lung Cancer Cells.
Lung Neoplasms
Overexpression of PSAT1 promotes metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by suppressing the IRF1-IFN? axis.
Lung Neoplasms
PSAT1 regulates cyclin D1 degradation and sustains proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells.
Lymphatic Metastasis
Overexpression of Phosphoserine Aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) Predicts Poor Prognosis and Associates with Tumor Progression in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Lymphatic Metastasis
PSAT1 Regulated Oxidation-Reduction Balance Affects the Growth and Prognosis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.
Melanoma
Identification of the Serine Biosynthesis Pathway as a Critical Component of BRAF Inhibitor Resistance of Melanoma, Pancreatic, and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells.
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Overexpression of the PSAT1 Gene in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Is an Indicator of Poor Prognosis.
Nasopharyngitis
EBV-miR-BART1 is involved in regulating metabolism-associated genes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Neoplasm Metastasis
Long non-coding RNA RP4-694A7.2 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Metastasis through the Regulation of PSAT1.
Neoplasm Metastasis
Overexpression of Phosphoserine Aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) Predicts Poor Prognosis and Associates with Tumor Progression in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Neoplasm Metastasis
Overexpression of phosphoserine aminotransferase PSAT1 stimulates cell growth and increases chemoresistance of colon cancer cells.
Neoplasm Metastasis
Overexpression of PSAT1 promotes metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by suppressing the IRF1-IFN? axis.
Neoplasm Metastasis
PSAT1 is regulated by ATF4 and enhances cell proliferation via the GSK3?/?-catenin/cyclin D1 signaling pathway in ER-negative breast cancer.
Neoplasm Metastasis
PSAT1 Regulated Oxidation-Reduction Balance Affects the Growth and Prognosis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.
Neoplasm Metastasis
Selective loss of phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) suppresses migration, invasion, and experimental metastasis in triple negative breast cancer.
Neoplasms
Expression of metabolism-related proteins in invasive lobular carcinoma: comparison to invasive ductal carcinoma.
Neoplasms
Gold-nanofève surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy visualizes hypotaurine as a robust anti-oxidant consumed in cancer survival.
Neoplasms
Hepatic transcriptome and proteome analyses provide new insights into the regulator mechanism of dietary avicularin in diabetic mice.
Neoplasms
Identification of molecular marker associated with ovarian cancer prognosis using bioinformatics analysis and experiments.
Neoplasms
Interleukin-6 mediates PSAT1 expression and serine metabolism in TSC2-deficient cells.
Neoplasms
MicroRNA-340 Inhibits Esophageal Cancer Cell Growth and Invasion by Targeting Phosphoserine Aminotransferase 1.
Neoplasms
Nf1 loss promotes Kras-driven lung adenocarcinoma and results in Psat1-mediated glutamate dependence.
Neoplasms
Nuclear Pyruvate Kinase M2 (PKM2) Contributes to Phosphoserine Aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1)-Mediated Cell Migration in EGFR-Activated Lung Cancer Cells.
Neoplasms
Origin and quantification of circulating DNA in mice with human colorectal cancer xenografts.
Neoplasms
Overexpression of Phosphoserine Aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) Predicts Poor Prognosis and Associates with Tumor Progression in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Neoplasms
Overexpression of phosphoserine aminotransferase PSAT1 stimulates cell growth and increases chemoresistance of colon cancer cells.
Neoplasms
Overexpression of PSAT1 Gene is a Favorable Prognostic Marker in Lower-Grade Gliomas and Predicts a Favorable Outcome in Patients with IDH1 Mutations and Chromosome 1p19q Codeletion.
Neoplasms
Overexpression of PSAT1 promotes metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by suppressing the IRF1-IFN? axis.
Neoplasms
Overexpression of the PSAT1 Gene in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Is an Indicator of Poor Prognosis.
Neoplasms
Phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 is associated to poor outcome on tamoxifen therapy in recurrent breast cancer.
Neoplasms
Proteomic characterization of ovarian cancers identifying annexin-A4, phosphoserine aminotransferase, cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2, and serpin B5 as histology-specific biomarkers.
Neoplasms
PSAT1 is regulated by ATF4 and enhances cell proliferation via the GSK3?/?-catenin/cyclin D1 signaling pathway in ER-negative breast cancer.
Neoplasms
PSAT1 Regulated Oxidation-Reduction Balance Affects the Growth and Prognosis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.
Neoplasms
PSAT1 regulates cyclin D1 degradation and sustains proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells.
Neoplasms
Selective loss of phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) suppresses migration, invasion, and experimental metastasis in triple negative breast cancer.
Neoplasms
The Hippo effector TAZ (WWTR1) transforms myoblasts and TAZ abundance is associated with reduced survival in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.
Neoplasms
Weighted gene correlation network analysis identifies the critical long non-coding RNAs participate in the progression of osteosarcoma.
Osteosarcoma
Therapeutic potential of targeting HSPA5 through dual regulation of two candidate prognostic biomarkers ANXA1 and PSAT1 in osteosarcoma.
Osteosarcoma
Weighted gene correlation network analysis identifies the critical long non-coding RNAs participate in the progression of osteosarcoma.
Ovarian Neoplasms
Differential expression analysis in ovarian cancer: A functional genomics and systems biology approach.
Ovarian Neoplasms
Identification of molecular marker associated with ovarian cancer prognosis using bioinformatics analysis and experiments.
Ovarian Neoplasms
Proteomic characterization of ovarian cancers identifying annexin-A4, phosphoserine aminotransferase, cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2, and serpin B5 as histology-specific biomarkers.
Ovarian Neoplasms
PSAT1 Regulated Oxidation-Reduction Balance Affects the Growth and Prognosis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.
phosphoserine transaminase deficiency
Phosphoserine aminotransferase deficiency: imaging findings in a child with congenital microcephaly.
Pneumocystis Infections
Microarray studies on effects of Pneumocystis carinii infection on global gene expression in alveolar macrophages.
Teratoma
Psat1-Dependent Fluctuations in ?-Ketoglutarate Affect the Timing of ESC Differentiation.
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PSAT1 Upregulation Contributes to Cell Growth and Cisplatin Resistance in Cervical Cancer Cells via Regulating PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.55
2-oxoglutarate
cosubstrate L-alanine, pH 7.6, 30°C
6.5
glyoxylate
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
2.96
L-alanine
cosubstrate 2-oxoglutarate, pH 7.6, 30°C
1.2
L-glutamate
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
140.6
L-alanine
cosubstrate 2-oxoglutarate, pH 7.6, 30°C
144.9
L-glutamate
cosubstrate glyoxylate, pH 7.6, 30°C
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
7.3
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
6.3 - 8.5
-
about half-maximal activity at pH 6.3 and about 60% of maximal activity at pH 8.5
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
25
37
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
additional information
-
tissue distribution, very low activity in lung, testes or diaphragm
brenda
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
physiological function
rice leaves usually show 3-4 times higher abundance of glutamate relative to serine, implicating that glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase GGAT may preferentially utilize glyoxylate to form glycine over serine:glyoxylate aminotransferase SGAT. When SGAT or GGAT activity is regulated by gene transformation or nitrogen deficiency, respectively, the glycine content is positively related to GGAT activities, while both serine and glycine contents are negatively related to SGAT activities, suggesting that GGAT preferentially catalyzes the conversion of glyoxylate into glycine while SGAT is mainly responsible for the transamination reaction of serine to hydroxypyruvate in the photorespiratory pathway of rice
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