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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 2.4.2.24 - 1,4-beta-D-xylan synthase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC2.4.2.24
Word Map on EC 2.4.2.24
- 2.4.2.24
- xylans
- polysaccharide
- glycosyltransferases
- glucuronoxylan
-
dicot
- arabinan
-
hemicellulosic
-
arabinoxylans
- callose
- mucilage
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rhamnogalacturonan
-
xylooligomers
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glucuronyltransferase
-
synthase-like
- biotechnology
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The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
2.4.2.24
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
1,4-beta-D-xylan synthase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
UDP-D-xylose + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan]n = UDP + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan]n+1
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
pentosyl group transfer
pentosyl group transfer
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
UDP-D-xylose:(1->4)-beta-D-xylan 4-beta-D-xylosyltransferase
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
37277-73-9
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
ecotype Columbia: wild-type plant, mutant plant irx9 (T-DNA insertion (SALK_058238) in the irx9 mutant disrupts an IRX9 exon that encodes part of the putative catalytic domain), or mutant plant irx9 complemented with IRX9 wild-type protein
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
microsomes from transgenic tobacco BY2 cells coexpressing PtrGT43B and PtrGT43C exhibit a high XylT activity capable of generating beta-(1,4)-linked xylooligosaccharides, whereas little XylT activity is detected in microsomes with expression of PtrGT43B or PtrGT43C alone; microsomes from transgenic tobacco BY2 cells coexpressing PtrGT43B and PtrGT43C exhibit a high XylT activity capable of generating beta-(1,4)-linked xylooligosaccharides, whereas little XylT activity is detected in microsomes with expression of PtrGT43B or PtrGT43C alone
metabolism
IRX9 and IRX14 are xylosyltransferases that operate cooperatively in the elongation of the xylan backbone; IRX9 and IRX14 are xylosyltransferases that operate cooperatively in the elongation of the xylan backbone
physiological function
physiological function
microsomes isolated from cells with co-expression of IRX9 and IRX14 exhibit a high level of XylT activity toward xylooligomer acceptors, whereas those from cells with expression of IRX9 or IRX14 alone do not; microsomes isolated from cells with co-expression of IRX9 and IRX14 exhibit a high level of XylT activity toward xylooligomer acceptors, whereas those from cells with expression of IRX9 or IRX14 alone do not
physiological function
PtrGT43B and PtrGT43C, are xylan XylTs involved in wood formation; PtrGT43B and PtrGT43C, are xylan XylTs involved in wood formation
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
pyridylaminated beta-(1,4)-xylotriose + UDP-D-xylose
pyridylaminated beta-(1,4)-xylotetraose + UDP
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-
-
-
?
UDP-D-galacturonic acid + (1,4-beta-D-galacturonic acid)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-galacturonic acid)n+1
homogalacturonan synthase activity (substrate: galacturonic acid, GalA) decreased in absence of ATCSLD5 (ATCSLD5-1 mutant line)
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UDP-D-xylose + ((1,4-beta-D-xylooligosaccharide)n)-anthranilic acid
UDP + ((1,4-beta-D-xylooligosaccharide)n+1)-anthranilic acid
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0.1 mM UDP-xylose + 0.5 mM anthranilic acid (AA) labelled xylooligosaccharides (Xyl(2) to Xyl(6)) as acceptor, 200 microgram microsomes, 21°C, pH 6.8, in presence of 5 mM MnCl2, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 0.5% Triton X-100
xylooligosaccharides (up to Xyl(12)) purified by HPLC and analysed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
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?
UDP-D-xylose + (1,4-beta-D-xylooligosaccharide)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-xylooligosaccharide)n+1
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0.1 mM radiolabelled UDP-D-xylose + 0.2 microgram/microlitre (1,4-beta-D-xylopyranose)6, 100 microgram microsomes, 21°C, pH 6.8, in presence of 5 mM MnCl2, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 0.5% Triton X-100, reaction dependent on time and protein concentration
reduction in XylT activity in microsomal fraction of stems from irx9 mutant plants compared to wild-type plants in presence of exogenous substrates can be abolished by complementation with wild-type IRX9 gene, product quantification by scintillation counting
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?
UDP-D-xylose + xylotetraose
?
microsomes isolated from transgenic BY2 cells are tested for XylT activity using xylotetraose (Xyl4) as an acceptor and UDP-xylose as a donor. XylT activity can not use the xylose monomer as an acceptor. Xylosyl residues are readily transferred onto xylooligomers ranging from 2 to 6 residues, resulting in the production of xylooligosaccharides with up to 11 xylosyl residues
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?
UDP-D-xylose + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n+1
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-
-
?
UDP-D-xylose + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n+1
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catalyzes synthesis of the xylan main chain during the biogenesis of the plant cell wall
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UDP-D-xylose + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n+1
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precipitation of product by 70% ethanol (final concentration) in presence of wheat arabinoxylan, followed by washing and scintillation counting, control for incorporation into (1,4-beta-D-xylan) by digestion with endo-xylanase
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?
UDP-D-xylose + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n+1
beta-(1,4)-xylan synthase activity, biosynthesis of xylan (major component of dicot wood)
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?
UDP-D-xylose + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n+1
microsomes isolated from transgenic BY2 cells are tested for XylT activity using xylotetraose (Xyl4) as an acceptor and UDP-xylose as a donor. Up to five xylosyl residues with beta-(1,4)-linkages are able to be incorporated by IRX9/IRX14-expressing microsomes
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?
UDP-D-xylose + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n+1
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with high substrate concentration or prolonged incubation, three polysaccharides other than neutral xylan are synthesized, one of these is apparently a glycolipid, and the other two are apparently glucuronoxylans
?
UDP-D-xylose + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n+1
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substrate are e.g. higher xylooligosaccharide or xylans from different sources, chain elongation by formation of beta(1,4)-linkages, xylooligosaccharide substrates can be pyrimidylaminated or derivatized with 2-aminopyridine at their reducing ends and still serve as substrates, substrate can contain single 4-O-methyl-glucuronic acid residues
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?
UDP-D-xylose + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n+1
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formation of hemicellulose of cell wall
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UDP-D-xylose + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n+1
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?
UDP-D-xylose + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n+1
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catalyzes synthesis of the xylan main chain during the biogenesis of the plant cell wall
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UDP-D-xylose + beta-1,4-xylotriose
UDP + ?
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the reaction leads to extension of the beta-1,4-xylotriose by up to five xylose residues, beta-1,4-xylotetraose, beta-1,4-xylopentose, and beta-1,4-xylohexose
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?
UDP-D-xylose + beta-1,4-xylotriose
UDP + ?
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the reaction leads to extension of the beta-1,4-xylotriose by up to five xylose residues, beta-1,4-xylotetraose, beta-1,4-xylopentose, and beta-1,4-xylohexose
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?
UDP-D-xylose + beta-1,4-xylotriose
UDP + ?
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the reaction leads to extension of the beta-1,4-xylotriose by up to five xylose residues, beta-1,4-xylotetraose, beta-1,4-xylopentose, and beta-1,4-xylohexose
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?
UDP-D-xylose + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan]n
UDP + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan]n+1
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?
UDP-D-xylose + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan]n
UDP + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan]n+1
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?
UDP-D-xylose + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan]n
UDP + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan]n+1
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?
additional information
?
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xylosyltransferase (XylT) activity, biosynthesis of xylan, a major component of dicot wood
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additional information
?
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synthesis of xylooligosaccharides from Xyl(6)-anthranilic acid by XylT activity in microsomal fractions of stems from irx9 mutant plants: after up to 5 h mixture of Xyl(7) to Xyl(9) only, Xyl(7) predominates
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additional information
?
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synthesis of xylooligosaccharides from Xyl(6)-anthranilic acid by XylT activity in microsomal fractions of stems from wild-type plants: after 2 h Xyl(7) to Xyl(9) predominate, after 5 h increased proportion of Xyl(10) to Xyl(12)
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additional information
?
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Xyl(1)-anthranilic acid is not acceptor for XylT activity in microsomal fractions of stems from wild-type plants
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additional information
?
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Xyl(2)-anthranilic acid is a weak acceptor for XylT activity in microsomal fractions of stems from wild-type plants
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additional information
?
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Xyl(3)-anthranilic acid to Xyl(6)-anthranilic acid are readily accepted by XylT activity in microsomal fractions of stems from wild-type plants
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additional information
?
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Xyl(4)-anthranilic acid is acceptor for synthesis of xylooligosaccharides of sizes from Xyl(5) to Xyl(11) by XylT activity in microsomal fractions of stems from wild-type plants within 2 h, prolonged incubation time (5-8 h) leads to increased proportion of Xyl(9) to Xyl(11) but not to synthesis of longer xylooligosaccharides
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additional information
?
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no activity with UDP-glucose, UDP-arabinopyranose, or UDP-arabinofuranose
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additional information
?
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metabolic flux control and alterations during light reduction
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additional information
?
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no activity with UDP-glucose, UDP-arabinopyranose, or UDP-arabinofuranose
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additional information
?
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no activity with UDP-glucose, UDP-arabinopyranose, or UDP-arabinofuranose
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NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-D-xylose + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n+1
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catalyzes synthesis of the xylan main chain during the biogenesis of the plant cell wall
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UDP-D-xylose + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n+1
Q9SRW9
beta-(1,4)-xylan synthase activity, biosynthesis of xylan (major component of dicot wood)
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?
UDP-D-xylose + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n+1
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formation of hemicellulose of cell wall
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UDP-D-xylose + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n+1
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catalyzes synthesis of the xylan main chain during the biogenesis of the plant cell wall
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UDP-D-xylose + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan]n
UDP + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan]n+1
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-
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?
UDP-D-xylose + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan]n
UDP + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan]n+1
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-
-
-
?
UDP-D-xylose + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan]n
UDP + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan]n+1
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-
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?
additional information
?
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xylosyltransferase (XylT) activity, biosynthesis of xylan, a major component of dicot wood
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additional information
?
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metabolic flux control and alterations during light reduction
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Mg2+
Mn2+
Mn2+
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enzyme requires Mg2+ or Mn2+ for activity, high activation at 5 mM MnCl2
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INHIBITORS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate
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i.e. CHAPS, slight activation
UDP-D-glucuronic acid
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30% increased XylT activity in microsomal fractions of stems from wild-type plants possibly due to increased solubility of xylooligomers
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
10.6
(1,4-beta-D-xylopyranose)6
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microsomal fractions of stems from wild-type plants
5.27
UDP-D-xylose
co-substrate: xylotetraose, Km determined in microsomes co-expressing PtrGT43B and PtrGT43C. pH and temperature not specified in the publication; co-substrate: xylotetraose, Km determined in microsomes co-expressing PtrGT43B and PtrGT43C. pH and temperature not specified in the publication
5.9
UDP-D-xylose
co-substrate: xylotetraose, Km determined in microsomes from poplar stems. pH and temperature not specified in the publication; co-substrate: xylotetraose, Km determined in microsomes from poplar stems. pH and temperature not specified in the publication
5.27
xylotetraose
co-substrate: UDP-D-xylose, Km determined in microsomes co-expressing PtrGT43B and PtrGT43C. pH and temperature not specified in the publication; co-substrate: UDP-D-xylose, Km determined in microsomes co-expressing PtrGT43B and PtrGT43C. pH and temperature not specified in the publication
5.9
xylotetraose
co-substrate: UDP-D-xylose, Km determined in microsomes from poplar stems. pH and temperature not specified in the publication; co-substrate: UDP-D-xylose, Km determined in microsomes from poplar stems. pH and temperature not specified in the publication
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
0.0000218
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with respect to (1,4-beta-D-xylopyranose)6, microsomal fractions of stems from wild-type plants
additional information
additional information
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substantial decrease in XylT activity and deficiency in elongation of xylooligosaccharides in microsomal fractions of stems from irx9 mutant plants
additional information
microsomal homogalacturonan synthase activity reduced in absence of ATCSLD5 (ATCSLD5-1 mutant line); microsomal xylan synthase activity reduced in absence of ATCSLD5 (ATCSLD5-1 mutant line)
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
6.8
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
vasicular tissue, ATCSLD5 promoter driven beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression
vasicular tissue, ATCSLD5 promoter driven beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression
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enzyme activity varies according to developmental stage of the endosperm, overview
weak expression in cortical and pith cells, ATCSLD5 promoter driven beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression
weak expression, ATCSLD5 promoter driven beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression, possibly false positive due to loading of GUS reaction products via symplastic connections
shorter in absence of ATCSLD5 (ATCSLD5-1 mutant line) compared to wild-type plants, severe reduction in root length in presence of cellulose synthase inhibitor isoxaben abolished by complementation with wild-type ATCSLD5
vasicular tissue, ATCSLD5 promoter driven beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression
additional information
cell layer of middle stem between second xylem interfasicular region and cortex corresponding to vascular cambium, ATCSLD5 promoter driven beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression
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beta-1,4-D-xylan synthase is reduced by about 40% in qua1-1 stems relative to wild type
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XylT activity in microsomal fraction only in presence of exogenous Xyl(6), wild-type plant
ATCSLD5-1 mutant line: reaction product 1,4-beta-D-xylan reduction most pronounced in top portion (independent of stem hight), absent from interfasicular tissue as revealed by immunocytochemistry; reaction product 1,4-beta-D-xylan detectable in top, middle and base portion, present in xylem and interfasicular tissue as revealed by immunocytochemistry, ATCSLD5 most abundant during stem elongation between day 21 and 25 (in silico analysis)
additional information
absent from flowers and siliques, ATCSLD5 promoter driven beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression; complete loss of ATCSLD5 expression in mutant line atcsld5-1 with T-DNA homozygote insertion in first exon of ATCSLD5 gene, revealed by RT-PCR from 6-week old plants
additional information
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no activity in mature seeds, no correlation between enzyme activity and xylan content in cell walls of different cultivars
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
N-terminal YFP tag (YFP-ATCSLD5), expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, confocal laser scanning, co-localisation with Golgi-marker STtmd-GFP, no co-localisation with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) marker HDEL-GFP, C-terminal fluorescent protein tag leads to mistargeting of ATCSLD5-YFP to ER
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activity in microsomal fractions enriched with Golgi marker enzyme inosin diphosphatase
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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SUBUNITS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
storage in liquid N2 keeps activity of particulate system constant over a period of 30 days
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Purification/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
activity in microsomal fractions from stems, roots, leaves and seedlings, homogenized with mortar and pestle in 50 mM HEPES pH7.3, 0.4 M sucrose followed by differential centrifugation, storage at -80°C
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GFP-Trap A agarose resin column chromatography
microsomal extraction by differential centrifugation using 50 mM HEPES-NaOH pH7.3, 400 microM sucrose, 4 mM dithiothreitol, EDTA for beta-(1,4)-xylan synthase activity measurements
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expressed in Pichia pastoris
expressed in tobacco BY2 cells; expressed in tobacco BY2 cells
genomic DNA from BAC clone T2I1 in (i) pGEMTeasy for expression in Escherichia coli XL1Blue and sequencing, (ii) pCAMBIA2300 for transformation in Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 and floral-flip plant transformation, (iii) pCAMBIA230035SuYFP (C-terminal yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) tag) and (iv) pCAMBIA330035SYFPu (N-terminal YFP tag) for expression and subcellular localization in Nicotiana benthamiana
heterologously expressed in tobacco BY2 cells; heterologously expressed in tobacco BY2 cells
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
biotechnology
-
enzyme activity is hardly affected by addition of organic solvents
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 2.4.2.24)
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