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Information on EC 1.97.1.1 - chlorate reductase and Organism(s) Ideonella dechloratans and UniProt Accession P60068
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1.97.1.1 chlorate reductaseIUBMB Comments
Flavins or benzylviologen can act as acceptor.
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Word Map
- 1.97.1.1
- nitrate
-
perchlorate-reducing
-
dissimilatory
-
chlorate-reducing
- dechloromonas
- dechloratans
-
ideonella
-
denitrification
- pantotrophus
-
hoqno
- menaquinol
- azospira
- bromate
- biotechnology
- stigmatellin
- degradation
- analysis
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Ideonella dechloratans
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Archaea
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Archaea
Synonyms
chlorate reductase, nargh, perchlorate reductase, chlorate reductase c, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
chlorate reductase C
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-
-
-
clr
perchlorate reductase
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-
-
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reductase, chlorate
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-
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-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
redox reaction
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-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
chlorite:acceptor oxidoreductase
Flavins or benzylviologen can act as acceptor.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
60382-73-2
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
AH2 + chlorate
A + H2O + chlorite
-
the 6 kDa periplasmatic cytochrome c is able to act as an electron donor in the reaction
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-
?
bromate + reduced electron acceptor
bromite + H2O + oxidized electron acceptor
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-
-
-
?
chlorate + reduced electron acceptor
chlorite + H2O + oxidized electron acceptor
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-
-
-
?
chlorate + reduced electron acceptor
chlorite + H2O + oxidized electron acceptor
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important enzyme in bacterial treatment of bleach effluents in pulp and paper industry
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-
?
additional information
?
-
P60068; P60069; P60000
a c-type cytochrome from Ideonella dechloratans donates electrons to Clr in vitro
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
a c-type cytochrome from Ideonella dechloratans donates electrons to Clr in vitro
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
AH2 + chlorate
A + H2O + chlorite
-
the 6 kDa periplasmatic cytochrome c is able to act as an electron donor in the reaction
-
-
?
chlorate + reduced electron acceptor
chlorite + H2O + oxidized electron acceptor
-
important enzyme in bacterial treatment of bleach effluents in pulp and paper industry
-
-
?
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
physiological function
additional information
physiological function
P60068; P60069; P60000
a soluble periplasmic c-type cytochrome from Ideonella dechloratans donates electrons to Clr in vitro
physiological function
-
the reduction of chlorate is one alternative to derive energy in an anoxic environment
additional information
P60068; P60069; P60000
the genes for the enzymes chlorate reductase (clrABDC) and chlorite dismutase, necessary for chlorate metabolism and probably acquired by lateral gene transfer, are located in a gene cluster that also includes other genes potentially important for chlorate metabolism. Among those are a gene for cytochrome c (cyc) whose gene product may serve as an electron carrier during chlorate reduction, a cofactor biosynthesis gene (mobB) and a predicted transcriptional regulator (arsR)
additional information
-
the genes for the enzymes chlorate reductase (clrABDC) and chlorite dismutase, necessary for chlorate metabolism and probably acquired by lateral gene transfer, are located in a gene cluster that also includes other genes potentially important for chlorate metabolism. Among those are a gene for cytochrome c (cyc) whose gene product may serve as an electron carrier during chlorate reduction, a cofactor biosynthesis gene (mobB) and a predicted transcriptional regulator (arsR)
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
gene cluster clrABDC, genetic organization, chlorate reductase is cotranscribed with cytochrome c, UniProt ID B3VLA9, and other downstream genes in the gene cluster for chlorate respiration of Ideonella dechloratans. In vivo production of a single polycistronic transcript covering eight open reading frames including clrABDC, cyc, mobB and arsR. Transcription levels of the cyc and clrA genes are compared to each other by the use of qRT-PCR in RNA preparations from cells grown under aerobic or chlorate reducing anaerobic conditions. The two genes show the same mRNA levels under both growth regimes, indicating that no transcription termination occurs between them. Higher transcription levels are observed at growth without external oxygen supply. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR expression analysis
P60068; P60069; P60000
EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
both chlorite dismutase and chlorate reductase are expressed during aerobic growth. Transfer to anaerobic conditions with chlorate results in significantly enhanced enzyme activities and mRNA levels for both enzymes. Absence of oxygen is necessary for the induction to occur. Chlorate reductase shows about 200-times higher enzyme activity in anaerobically induced cells, whereas the increase in mRNA is only about 10fold
RENATURED/Commentary
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Karlsson, J.; Nilsson, T.
The C subunit of Ideonella dechloratans chlorate reductase: expression, purification, refolding, and heme reconstitution
Protein Expr. Purif.
41
306-312
2005
Ideonella dechloratans
Baecklund, A.S.; Bohlin, J.; Gustavsson, N.; Nilsson, T.
Periplasmic c cytochromes and chlorate reduction in Ideonella dechloratans
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
75
2439-2445
2009
Ideonella dechloratans
Lindqvist, M.H.; Johansson, N.; Nilsson, T.; Rova, M.
Expression of chlorite dismutase and chlorate reductase in the presence of oxygen and/or chlorate as the terminal electron acceptor in Ideonella dechloratans
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
78
4380-4385
2012
Ideonella dechloratans (P60068), Ideonella dechloratans
Liebensteiner, M.G.; Oosterkamp, M.J.; Stams, A.J.M.
Microbial respiration with chlorine oxyanions diversity and physiological and biochemical properties of chlorate and perchlorate-reducing microorganisms
Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.
1365
59-72
2016
Acinetobacter thermotoleranticus, Alicycliphilus denitrificans, Alicycliphilus denitrificans BC, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, Archaeoglobus fulgidus VC-16, Arcobacter sp. CAB, Azospira oryzae, Azospira oryzae GR-1, Azospira sp., Azospira sp. Perc1ace, Azospirillum lipoferum, Azospirillum lipoferum VPI Sp 59b, Dechloromonas agitata, Dechloromonas agitata CKB, Dechloromonas aromatica, Dechloromonas aromatica RCB, Dechloromonas hortensis, Dechloromonas hortensis MA-1, Dechloromonas sp., Dechloromonas sp. JM, Dechlorospirillum anomalous, Dechlorospirillum anomalous 7JB116, Haloarcula marismortui, Haloarcula vallismortis, Haloferax denitrificans, Haloferax denitrificans S1, Haloferax gibbonsii, Haloferax gibbonsii Ma 2.38, Haloferax mediterranei, Haloferax mediterranei R-4, Haloferax volcanii, Haloferax volcanii DS2, Ideonella dechloratans, Ideonella dechloratans CCUG 30898, Marinobacter vinifirmus, Marinobacter vinifirmus P4B1, Moorella glycerini, Moorella glycerini JW/AS-Y6, Moorella humiferrea, Moorella humiferrea 64-FGQ, Moorella mulderi, Moorella mulderi TMS, Moorella perchloratireducens, Moorella perchloratireducens An10, Moorella stamsii, Moorella stamsii E3-O, no activity in Dechloromonas aromatica, Sedimenticola selenatireducens, Sedimenticola selenatireducens CUZ, Sedimenticola selenatireducens NSS, Shewanella algae, Shewanella algae ACDC, Sporomusa ovata, Sporomusa ovata An4, Stutzerimonas chloritidismutans, Stutzerimonas chloritidismutans ASK1, Stutzerimonas chloritidismutans AW1, Sulfurospirillum multivorans, Vibrio dechloraticans, Vibrio dechloraticans Cuznesove B-1168, Wolinella succinogenes, Wolinella succinogenes HAP-1
Hellberg Lindqvist, M.; Nilsson, T.; Sundin, P.; Rova, M.
Chlorate reductase is cotranscribed with cytochrome c and other downstream genes in the gene cluster for chlorate respiration of Ideonella dechloratans
FEMS Microbiol. Lett.
362
fnv019
2015
Ideonella dechloratans (P60068 AND P60069 AND P60000), Ideonella dechloratans
EXTERNAL LINKS (specific for EC-Number 1.97.1.1)
Transporter Classification Database (TCDB): 5.A.3.8.2
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