5.4.99.8: cycloartenol synthase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about cycloartenol synthase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 5.4.99.8
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5.4.99.8
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sterol
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triterpene
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phytosterols
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lanosterol
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cyclases
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triterpenoids
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lupeol
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beta-amyrin
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withanolides
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dunal
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soyasaponins
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dammarenediol
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parkeol
- 5.4.99.8
- sterol
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triterpene
- phytosterols
- lanosterol
- cyclases
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triterpenoids
- lupeol
- beta-amyrin
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withanolides
- dunal
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soyasaponins
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dammarenediol
- parkeol
Reaction
Synonyms
(S)-2,3-epoxysqualene mutase, 2,3-Epoxysqualene cycloartenol-cyclase, 2,3-epoxysqualene--cycloartenol cyclase, 2,3-Epoxysqualene-cycloartenol cyclase, 2,3-Oxidosqualene cycloartenol cyclase, 2,3-Oxidosqualene-cycloartenol cyclase, 2,3-Oxidosqualene:cycloartenol cyclase, ACX, AtCAS1, AthCAS1, CaCYS, CAS, CAS1, Cyclase, 2,3-oxidosqualene-cycloartenol, cycloartenol synthase, cycloartenol synthase 1, LdCAS, NbCAS, NtCAS, OSC, OSC/CS, Oxidosqualene cyclase, PNX, PtCAS1, PtCAS2, SgCAS, WsCAS
ECTree
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General Information
General Information on EC 5.4.99.8 - cycloartenol synthase
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evolution
malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
additional information
the enzyme belongs to the oxidosqualene cyclase OSC superfamily of enzymes
evolution
cycloartenol synthase belongs to the 2-3 oxidosqualene cyclases (OCSs) gene family
evolution
determination of evolutionary relationship of squalene synthases (SQSs) or cycloartneol synthases (CASs) from different plants, phylogenetic trees are constructed, overview
evolution
the enzyme belongs to the family of 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs). A key step in the synthesis of cholesterol in red algae may be the reduction of the C-24(25) double bond by a DHCR24-like enzyme
evolution
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the enzyme belongs to the fammily of 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclases, OSCs
evolution
the enzyme belongs to the fammily of 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclases, OSCs
evolution
the enzyme belongs to the oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs), enzymes that play a key role in control of the biosynthesis of phytosterols and triterpene saponins
evolution
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the enzyme belongs to the oxidosqualene cyclase OSC superfamily of enzymes
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antisense inhibition of cycloartenol synthase results in decreased phytosterol levels and enhanced ginsenoside levels
malfunction
in vivo application of inhibitor RO 48-8071 TBY-2 cells in short-term treatments (24 h) results in accumulation of oxidosqualene with no changes in the final sterol products. Long-term treatments (6 days) induces downregulation in gene expression not only of CAS but also of the SMT2 gene coding sterol methyltransferase 2 (EC 2.1.1.41) explaining some of the increase in 24-methyl sterols at the expense of the 24-ethyl sterols stigmasterol and sitosterol
malfunction
inhibition of CAS expression, e.g. by RNAi, can decrease the synthesis metabolic flux of the phytosterol branch
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of three key withanolides namely withanolide A, withanone, and withaferin A
metabolism
building blocks for plant sterol biosynthesis, involving enzyme CAS, are provided by the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, overview
metabolism
cycloartenol synthase (CAS) is a key enzyme in triterpenoid and steroid biosynthesis. Both SgSQS and SgCAS have significantly higher levels in fruits than in other tissues, suggesting that steroids and mogrosides are competitors for the same precursors in fruits
metabolism
enzyme CAS catalyzes the conversion of 2,3-oxidosqualene to cycloartenol which is ultimately used to synthesize phytosterols. Although CAS does not participate in the biosynthesis of triterpene saponins, it competes with dammarenedion-II synthase (DS) for the same precursor (2,3-oxidosqualene). The 2,3-oxidosqualene is the common precursor of triterpene saponins and phytosterols
metabolism
profiling of Laurencia dendroidea reveals cholesterol as the major sterol accumulating in this species, implicating red seaweeds contain a hybrid sterol synthesis pathway in which the phytosterol precursor cycloartenol is converted into the major animal sterol cholesterol
metabolism
the cycloartenol synthase is one of the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of withanolides in Withania sominifera. Withanolides are basically of the terpenoid origin and are one of the the largest group of natural products with diverse molecular structures. Cycloartenol which acts as the key precursor for the biosynthesis of phytosterols as well as withanolides through a series of desaturation, hydroxylation, epoxidations, cyclization, chain elongation, and glycosylation steps. Withanolide biosynthetic pathway, overview
metabolism
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the plant sterol pathway exhibits a major biosynthetic difference as compared with that of metazoans. The committed sterol precursor is the pentacyclic cycloartenol (9beta,19-cyclolanost-24-en-3beta-ol) and not lanosterol (lanosta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol)
metabolism
the plant sterol pathway exhibits a major biosynthetic difference as compared with that of metazoans. The committed sterol precursor is the pentacyclic cycloartenol (9beta,19-cyclolanost-24-en-3beta-ol) and not lanosterol (lanosta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol)
metabolism
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the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of three key withanolides namely withanolide A, withanone, and withaferin A
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cycloartenol synthase is responsible for the synthesis of cycloartenol providing skeletons for phytosterols
physiological function
CAS s play a vital role in sterol biosynthesis, which is essential for plant cell viability
physiological function
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physiological relevance of CAS1 gene in plants, strict dependence on CAS1 of tobacco sterol biosynthesis
physiological function
physiological relevance of CAS1 gene in plants, strict dependence on CAS1 of tobacco sterol biosynthesis
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cell sterol profile is determind by GC-MS analysis
additional information
cell sterol profile is determined by GC-MS analysis