EC Number   |
Application |
Reference  |
|---|
   3.4.24.83 | medicine |
mice immunized with chloroplast-derived anthrax protective antigen survive anthrax lethal toxin challenge |
668928 |
| 3.4.24.83 | medicine |
human medical countermeasures for anthrax |
669066 |
| 3.4.24.83 | medicine |
sublethal doses of Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin inhibit inflammation with lipopolysaccharide and Escherichia coli challenge but have opposite effects on survival |
669743 |
| 3.4.24.83 | medicine |
inducing strong mucosal and systemic immune responses against both anthrax toxins and bacilli after nasal immunization using a synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid as adjuvant. The capsular poly-gamma-D-glutamic acid (PGA) from bacillus is immunogenic when conjugated to a carrier protein and dosed intranasally to mice. The nasal immunization with the poly-gamma-D-glutamic acid-carrier protein conjugate in combination with the anthrax protective antigen (PA) protein induces both anti-PGA and anti-PA immune responses in mouse sera and lung mucosal secretions. The anti-PA antibody response is shown to have anthrax lethal toxin neutralization activity. The anti-PGA Abs induced are able to activate complement and kill PGA-producing bacteria. It is feasible to develop a novel dual-action nasal anthrax vaccine |
670987 |
| 3.4.24.83 | medicine |
the antitumor toxin has potential for use in cancer therapy |
680918 |
| 3.4.24.83 | diagnostics |
the development, performance characteristics and validation using human serum of a robust and rugged format of the LTx neutralization activity (TNA) assay is reported and its application in evaluating immune serum from humans, Rhesus macaques and rabbits. This format uses standardized and characterized reagents in conjunction with customized interpretive software and a novel mathematical algorithm to calculate and extrapolate multiple reportable values, in addition to ED50, with high specificity, analytical sensitivity, accuracy and precision. This LTx neutralization activity (TNA) assay format is proposed as a unifying platform technology |
696000 |
| 3.4.24.83 | molecular biology |
microarray analysis is used to investigate the effects of Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin on human neutrophil-like NB-4 cells to identify markers of intoxication. Genes down-regulated after a 2 h lethal toxin exposure include those encoding chemokines and transcription factors. Significant decreases in the mRNA of interleukin-8, CCL20, CCL3 and CCL4 are observed using real-time PCR. The decreases are more pronounced at 4 and 8 h and are lethal toxin-specific. Decreases in chemokine protein levels are evident after 24 h and are sensitive to low concentrations of lethal toxin. Co-incubation with an anti-lethal factor mAb restores levels of interleukin-8 to 100% and 50%, respectively |
696000 |
| 3.4.24.83 | molecular biology |
it is shown that treatment of RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells with anthrax lethaltoxin induces autophagy suggesting a protective role as autophagy inhibition using 3-methyladenine results in an accelerated cell death |
696028 |
| 3.4.24.83 | molecular biology |
protein expression profile of murine macrophages RAW264.7 treated with LeTx is analyzed using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF MS. Among the differentially expressed spots, cleaved mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 acting as a negative element in the signal transduction pathway, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase playing a role in the protection of cells from hyperproduction of active oxygen are up-regulated LeTx-treated macrophages |
696413 |
| 3.4.24.83 | molecular biology |
the cellular damage inflicted by anthrax lethal toxin depends not only on the innate responses but also on the maturation stage of the cell, which modulates the more general caspase-1-independent responses |
697196 |
