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Literature summary for 5.1.3.34 extracted from

  • Awai, K.; Ohta, H.; Sato, N.
    Oxygenic photosynthesis without galactolipids (2014), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 13571-13575.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC
Search for more literature for 5.1.3.34

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
gene mgdE, recombinant expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3), co-expression with Prochlorococcus marinus gene mgdA, the transformed Escherichia coli cells are temperature-sensitive and do not accumulate neither monogalactosyldiacylglycerol nor digalactosyldiacylglycerol when grown at 37°C Prochlorococcus marinus
gene mgdE, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression in wild-type Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 or the strain overexpressing CsMGD1 under the control of the light-inducible psbA promoter Synechocystis sp.

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information generation of mgdE gene disruption mutants, disruption of the gene for the glucolipid epimerase (mgdE) in the monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) synthase gene 1 (MGD1) background. The DELTAmgdE mutants retain about 70% of the chlorophyll content of the wild-type, no galactose moiety is detected in the deletion mutant by GC-MS analysis, confirming that monogalactosyldiacylglycerol comprise less than 0.4% of total membrane lipids. The mutants contain normal-looking thylakoid membranes. TLC analysis of lipids in the wild-type and DELTAmgdE cells of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 expressing GST-MGD1 Synechocystis sp.

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
a 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol Prochlorococcus marinus
-
 a 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
 r
a 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol Synechocystis sp.
-
 a 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
 r
a 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol Prochlorococcus marinus MED4
-
 a 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
 r

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
no activity in Gloeobacter violaceus
-
-
-
no activity in Thermosynechococcus elongatus
-
-
-
Prochlorococcus marinus Q7V2J8 gene mgdE
-
Prochlorococcus marinus MED4 Q7V2J8 gene mgdE
-
Synechocystis sp. P74167 gene mgdE
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
a 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
 Prochlorococcus marinus a 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
 r
a 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
 Synechocystis sp. a 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
 r
a 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
 Prochlorococcus marinus MED4 a 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
 r

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
GlcDG epimerase
-
 Prochlorococcus marinus
GlcDG epimerase
-
 Synechocystis sp.
glucolipid epimerase
-
 Prochlorococcus marinus
glucolipid epimerase
-
 Synechocystis sp.
mgdE
-
 Synechocystis sp.
mgdE genename Prochlorococcus marinus

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
evolution the MgdE protein contains a fatty acid hydroxylase domain and a Rossmann-fold domain and belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family of proteins. The Rossmann fold functions as an oxidoreductase domain. In some cyanobacteria, such as Prochlorococcus, MgdE lacks the hydroxylase domain Prochlorococcus marinus
evolution the MgdE protein contains a fatty acid hydroxylase domain and a Rossmann-fold domain and belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family of proteins. The Rossmann fold functions as an oxidoreductase domain. In some cyanobacteria, such as Prochlorococcus, MgdE lacks the hydroxylase domain Synechocystis sp.
malfunction knockout mutants of mgdE in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 lack both monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol and accumulated monoglucosyldiacylglycerol. The mutants possess thylakoid membranes and show normal maximal photosynthetic activity, albeit with reduced utilization of light energy. Cyanobacterial mutants in which the gene is disrupted still grow photosynthetically, indicating that galactolipids are not essential for either oxygenic photosynthesis or the development of the thylakoid membrane structure. Phenotype, overview Synechocystis sp.
metabolism in cyanobacteria, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol is synthesized via monoglucosyldiacylglycerol. The galactolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol dominate the thylakoid membranes of the oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, both types of galactolipids are bound in the interior of photosystem complexes Synechocystis sp.
physiological function the enzyme is required for synthesis of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, which is used as functional component of thylakoid membranes. But oxygenic photosynthesis is not absolutely dependent on galactolipids Prochlorococcus marinus
physiological function the enzyme is required for synthesis of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, which is used as functional component of thylakoid membranes. But oxygenic photosynthesis is not absolutely dependent on galactolipids Synechocystis sp.