Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
gene PeAPY2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, ectopic expression in Arabidopsis thaliana leading to enhanced cold tolerance based on root growth measurements and survival rates. PeAPY2 overexpression enhances vesicular trafficking in Arabidopsis thaliana roots | Populus euphratica |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | under cold stress, PeAPY2-overexpressing transgenic plants maintain plasma membrane integrity and show reduced cold-elicited electrolyte leakage compared with wild-type plants. These responses probably result from efficient plasma membrane repair via vesicular trafficking. Transgenic plants show accelerated endocytosis and exocytosis during cold stress and recovery. Low doses of extracellular ATP accelerate vesicular trafficking, but high extracellular ATP inhibit trafficking and reduce cell viability. The transcript abundance of seven intrinsic Arabidopsis apyrase genes, AtAPY1, AtAPY2, AtAPY3, AtAPY4, AtAPY5, AtAPY6, and AtAPY7, is not altered by the overexpression of exogenous PeAPY2 | Populus euphratica |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | no or poor inhibition by NaF (inhibitor of pyrophosphatase), NaNO3 (inhibitor of V-type ATPases), Na3VO4 (inhibitor of P-type ATPases), Na2MoO4 (inhibitor of acid phosphatases) and N-(3-methylphenyl)-[1,1-biphenyl]-4-sulfonamide (NGXT191, inhibitor of apyrases) | Populus euphratica | |
NaN3 | an inhibitor of F-type ATPases, 25% inhibition at 5 mM | Populus euphratica |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
additional information | subcellular localization analysis using eYFP-tagged enzyme. PeAYP2 is likely produced in the endoplasmic reticulum and transported through the Golgi to the plasma membrane | Populus euphratica | - |
- |
plasma membrane | predominantly | Populus euphratica | 5886 | - |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Ca2+ | activates | Populus euphratica | |
Cd2+ | activates | Populus euphratica | |
Co2+ | activates | Populus euphratica | |
Cu2+ | activates | Populus euphratica | |
Mg2+ | activates | Populus euphratica | |
Mn2+ | activates | Populus euphratica | |
additional information | the ATP-hydrolyzing activity of PeAPY2 is enhanced with all the cations tested, except Ni2+. The descending order of preference is as follows: Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+. Of note, Ca2+ and Mg2+ exhibit an additive effect in enhancing PeAPY2 apyrase activity. Moreover, both Ca2+ and Mg2+ enhancements of PeAPY2 activities are significantly reduced by EDTA | Populus euphratica | |
Zn2+ | activates | Populus euphratica |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Populus euphratica | - |
- |
- |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ADP + H2O | - |
Populus euphratica | AMP + phosphate | - |
? | |
AMP + H2O | very low activity | Populus euphratica | adenosine + phosphate | - |
? | |
ATP + 2 H2O | overall reaction | Populus euphratica | AMP + 2 phosphate | - |
? | |
ATP + H2O | - |
Populus euphratica | ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
CTP + H2O | - |
Populus euphratica | CDP + phosphate | - |
? | |
GTP + H2O | - |
Populus euphratica | GDP + phosphate | - |
? | |
UDP + H2O | - |
Populus euphratica | UMP + phosphate | - |
? | |
UTP + 2 H2O | overall reaction | Populus euphratica | UMP + 2 phosphate | - |
? | |
UTP + H2O | - |
Populus euphratica | UDP + phosphate | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
APYRASE2 | - |
Populus euphratica |
PeAPY2 | - |
Populus euphratica |
Organism | Comment | Expression |
---|---|---|
Populus euphratica | PeAPY2 was cold inducible in Populus euphratica cells, low temperatures upregulate APYRASE2 (PeAPY2) expression in callus cells. PeAPY2 overexpression enhances cold tolerance and recovery | up |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
malfunction | under cold stress, PeAPY2-overexpressing transgenic plants maintain plasma membrane integrity and show reduced cold-elicited electrolyte leakage compared with wild-type plants. These responses probably result from efficient plasma membrane repair via vesicular trafficking. Transgenic plants show accelerated endocytosis and exocytosis during cold stress and recovery. Low doses of extracellular ATP accelerate vesicular trafficking, but high extracellular ATP inhibit trafficking and reduce cell viability. Cold stress causes significant increases in root medium extracellular ATP. Under these conditions, PeAPY2-overexpressing transgenic lines show greater control of extracellular ATP levels than wild-type plants | Populus euphratica |
additional information | the transcript abundance of seven intrinsic Arabidopsis apyrase genes, AtAPY1, AtAPY2, AtAPY3, AtAPY4, AtAPY5, AtAPY6, and AtAPY7, is not altered by the overexpression of exogenous PeAPY2 | Populus euphratica |
physiological function | apyrase and extracellular ATP play crucial roles in mediating plant growth and defense responses. Cold stress causes significant increases in root medium extracellular ATP | Populus euphratica |