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Literature summary for 2.7.11.31 extracted from
- Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in the metabolic syndrome and in heart disease (2008), FEBS Lett., 582, 81-89.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5'-AMP | - |
Drosophila melanogaster |  |
| 5'-AMP | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
| 5'-AMP | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 5'-AMP | - |
Giardia intestinalis | |
| 5'-AMP | - |
Trypanosoma brucei | |
| 5'-AMP | - |
Dictyostelium discoideum | |
| 5'-AMP | - |
Schizosaccharomyces pombe | |
| 5'-AMP | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans | |
| 5'-AMP | - |
Physcomitrium patens | |
| 5'-AMP | up to 10fold activation, AMP also promotes net phosphorylation at a critical threonine residue Thr172 within the kinase domain that can generate a further 100fold activation, the combined effect being 1000fold | Mus musculus | |
| 5'-AMP | up to 10fold activation, AMP also promotes net phosphorylation at a critical threonine residue Thr172 within the kinase domain that can generate a further 100fold activation, the combined effect being 1000fold | Homo sapiens | |
| 5'-AMP | up to 10fold activation, AMP also promotes net phosphorylation at a critical threonine residue Thr172 within the kinase domain that can generate a further 100fold activation, the combined effect being 1000fold | Rattus norvegicus | |
| leptin | the classical adipokine, released from adipocytes, stimulates the alpha2 isoform of AMPK and hence fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle | Mus musculus | |
| leptin | the classical adipokine, released from adipocytes, stimulates the alpha2 isoform of AMPK and hence fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle | Homo sapiens | |
| leptin | the classical adipokine, released from adipocytes, stimulates the alpha2 isoform of AMPK and hence fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle | Rattus norvegicus | |
| metformin | - |
Mus musculus | |
| metformin | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| metformin | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| additional information | activating phosphorylation of AMPK at Thr172 of the alpha-subunit, e.g. by CaMKKbeta or LBK1, dephosphorylation by phosphatase PP2C | Homo sapiens | |
| additional information | activating phosphorylation of AMPK at Thr172 of the alpha-subunit, e.g. by CaMKKbeta or LBK1, inhibiting dephosphorylation by phosphatase PP2C | Mus musculus | |
| additional information | activating phosphorylation of AMPK at Thr172 of the alpha-subunit, e.g. by CaMKKbeta or LBK1, inhibiting dephosphorylation by phosphatase PP2C | Rattus norvegicus | |
| thiazolidinediones | - |
Mus musculus | |
| thiazolidinediones | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| thiazolidinediones | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
Application
| Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| drug development | pharmacological activators of AMPK can act as treatments for diabetes and the metabolic syndrome | Homo sapiens |
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| alpha, beta and subunit encoding genes, phylogenetic trees | Drosophila melanogaster |
| alpha, beta and subunit encoding genes, phylogenetic trees | Mus musculus |
| alpha, beta and subunit encoding genes, phylogenetic trees | Homo sapiens |
| alpha, beta and subunit encoding genes, phylogenetic trees | Rattus norvegicus |
| alpha, beta and subunit encoding genes, phylogenetic trees | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| alpha, beta and subunit encoding genes, phylogenetic trees | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| alpha, beta and subunit encoding genes, phylogenetic trees | Giardia intestinalis |
| alpha, beta and subunit encoding genes, phylogenetic trees | Trypanosoma brucei |
| alpha, beta and subunit encoding genes, phylogenetic trees | Dictyostelium discoideum |
| alpha, beta and subunit encoding genes, phylogenetic trees | Schizosaccharomyces pombe |
| alpha, beta and subunit encoding genes, phylogenetic trees | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| alpha, beta and subunit encoding genes, phylogenetic trees | Physcomitrium patens |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| additional information | activating mutations in AMPK can cause heart disease, detailed overview | Homo sapiens |
| additional information | construction of AMPK deficient fa/fa rats as a model for the metabolic syndrome, phenotype, overview. Activating mutations in AMPK can cause heart disease, detailed overview | Rattus norvegicus |
| additional information | construction of AMPK deficient ob/ob mice as a model for the metabolic syndrome, phenotype, overview. Activating mutations in AMPK can cause heart disease, detailed overview | Mus musculus |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | activating phosphorylation of AMPK at Thr172 of the alpha-subunit, e.g. by CaMKKbeta or LBK1, inhibiting dephosphorylation by phosphatase PP2C | Homo sapiens | |
| additional information | activating phosphorylation of AMPK at Thr172 of the alpha-subunit, e.g. by CaMKKbeta or LBK1, inhibiting dephosphorylation by phosphatase PP2C | Mus musculus | |
| additional information | activating phosphorylation of AMPK at Thr172 of the alpha-subunit, e.g. by CaMKKbeta or LBK1, inhibiting dephosphorylation by phosphatase PP2C | Rattus norvegicus |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg2+ | - |
Drosophila melanogaster | |
| Mg2+ | - |
Mus musculus | |
| Mg2+ | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| Mg2+ | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| Mg2+ | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
| Mg2+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| Mg2+ | - |
Giardia intestinalis | |
| Mg2+ | - |
Trypanosoma brucei | |
| Mg2+ | - |
Dictyostelium discoideum | |
| Mg2+ | - |
Schizosaccharomyces pombe | |
| Mg2+ | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans | |
| Mg2+ | - |
Physcomitrium patens | |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | Mus musculus | AMPK regulates the energy balance both at the cellular and whole body level, disorders of it are obesity, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, overview. Activating mutations in AMPK can cause heart disease. AMPK is regulated by the AMP/ATP ratio and upstream kinases, e.g. CaMKKbeta and LBK1, overview. AMPK activation inhibits activation of the mammalian target-of-rapamycin pathway by the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 pathway, probably via phosphorylation of TSC2, an upstream regulator of mTOR | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Homo sapiens | AMPK regulates the energy balance both at the cellular and whole body level, disorders of it are obesity, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, overview. Activating mutations in AMPK can cause heart disease. AMPK is regulated by the AMP/ATP ratio and upstream kinases, e.g. CaMKKbeta and LBK1, overview. AMPK activation inhibits activation of the mammalian target-of-rapamycin pathway by the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 pathway, probably via phosphorylation of TSC2, an upstream regulator of mTOR | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Rattus norvegicus | AMPK regulates the energy balance both at the cellular and whole body level, disorders of it are obesity, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, overview. Activating mutations in AMPK can cause heart disease. AMPK is regulated by the AMP/ATP ratio and upstream kinases, e.g. CaMKKbeta and LBK1, overview. AMPK activation inhibits activation of the mammalian target-of-rapamycin pathway by the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 pathway, probably via phosphorylation of TSC2, an upstream regulator of mTOR | ? | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
- |
- |
| Caenorhabditis elegans | - |
- |
- |
| Dictyostelium discoideum | - |
- |
- |
| Drosophila melanogaster | - |
- |
- |
| Giardia intestinalis | - |
- |
- |
| Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
| Mus musculus | - |
- |
- |
| Physcomitrium patens | - |
- |
- |
| Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | - |
- |
- |
| Schizosaccharomyces pombe | - |
- |
- |
| Trypanosoma brucei | - |
- |
- |
Posttranslational Modification
| Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| phosphoprotein | activating phosphorylation of AMPK at Thr172 of the alpha-subunit, e.g. by CaMKKbeta or LBK1, dephosphorylation by phosphatase PP2C | Mus musculus |
| phosphoprotein | activating phosphorylation of AMPK at Thr172 of the alpha-subunit, e.g. by CaMKKbeta or LBK1, dephosphorylation by phosphatase PP2C | Homo sapiens |
| phosphoprotein | activating phosphorylation of AMPK at Thr172 of the alpha-subunit, e.g. by CaMKKbeta or LBK1, dephosphorylation by phosphatase PP2C | Rattus norvegicus |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| adipocyte | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| adipocyte | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| adipocyte | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| heart | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| heart | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| heart | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | AMPK regulates the energy balance both at the cellular and whole body level, disorders of it are obesity, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, overview. Activating mutations in AMPK can cause heart disease. AMPK is regulated by the AMP/ATP ratio and upstream kinases, e.g. CaMKKbeta and LBK1, overview. AMPK activation inhibits activation of the mammalian target-of-rapamycin pathway by the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 pathway, probably via phosphorylation of TSC2, an upstream regulator of mTOR | Mus musculus | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | AMPK regulates the energy balance both at the cellular and whole body level, disorders of it are obesity, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, overview. Activating mutations in AMPK can cause heart disease. AMPK is regulated by the AMP/ATP ratio and upstream kinases, e.g. CaMKKbeta and LBK1, overview. AMPK activation inhibits activation of the mammalian target-of-rapamycin pathway by the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 pathway, probably via phosphorylation of TSC2, an upstream regulator of mTOR | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | AMPK regulates the energy balance both at the cellular and whole body level, disorders of it are obesity, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, overview. Activating mutations in AMPK can cause heart disease. AMPK is regulated by the AMP/ATP ratio and upstream kinases, e.g. CaMKKbeta and LBK1, overview. AMPK activation inhibits activation of the mammalian target-of-rapamycin pathway by the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 pathway, probably via phosphorylation of TSC2, an upstream regulator of mTOR | Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| trimer | AMPK exists as heterotrimeric complexes comprising catalytic alpha subunits and regulatory beta and gamma subunits | Drosophila melanogaster |
| trimer | AMPK exists as heterotrimeric complexes comprising catalytic alpha subunits and regulatory beta and gamma subunits | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| trimer | AMPK exists as heterotrimeric complexes comprising catalytic alpha subunits and regulatory beta and gamma subunits | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| trimer | AMPK exists as heterotrimeric complexes comprising catalytic alpha subunits and regulatory beta and gamma subunits | Giardia intestinalis |
| trimer | AMPK exists as heterotrimeric complexes comprising catalytic alpha subunits and regulatory beta and gamma subunits | Trypanosoma brucei |
| trimer | AMPK exists as heterotrimeric complexes comprising catalytic alpha subunits and regulatory beta and gamma subunits | Dictyostelium discoideum |
| trimer | AMPK exists as heterotrimeric complexes comprising catalytic alpha subunits and regulatory beta and gamma subunits | Schizosaccharomyces pombe |
| trimer | AMPK exists as heterotrimeric complexes comprising catalytic alpha subunits and regulatory beta and gamma subunits | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| trimer | AMPK exists as heterotrimeric complexes comprising catalytic alpha subunits and regulatory beta and gamma subunits | Physcomitrium patens |
| trimer | AMPK exists as heterotrimeric complexes comprising catalytic alpha subunits and regulatory beta and gamma subunits, with multiple genes encoding each subunit in mammals, alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2, gamma1, gamma2, gamma3 | Mus musculus |
| trimer | AMPK exists as heterotrimeric complexes comprising catalytic alpha subunits and regulatory beta and gamma subunits, with multiple genes encoding each subunit in mammals, alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2, gamma1, gamma2, gamma3 | Homo sapiens |
| trimer | AMPK exists as heterotrimeric complexes comprising catalytic alpha subunits and regulatory beta and gamma subunits, with multiple genes encoding each subunit in mammals, alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2, gamma1, gamma2, gamma3 | Rattus norvegicus |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| AMP-activated protein kinase | - |
Drosophila melanogaster |
| AMP-activated protein kinase | - |
Mus musculus |
| AMP-activated protein kinase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| AMP-activated protein kinase | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| AMP-activated protein kinase | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| AMP-activated protein kinase | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AMP-activated protein kinase | - |
Giardia intestinalis |
| AMP-activated protein kinase | - |
Trypanosoma brucei |
| AMP-activated protein kinase | - |
Dictyostelium discoideum |
| AMP-activated protein kinase | - |
Schizosaccharomyces pombe |
| AMP-activated protein kinase | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans |
| AMP-activated protein kinase | - |
Physcomitrium patens |
| AMPK | - |
Drosophila melanogaster |
| AMPK | - |
Mus musculus |
| AMPK | - |
Homo sapiens |
| AMPK | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| AMPK | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| AMPK | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AMPK | - |
Giardia intestinalis |
| AMPK | - |
Trypanosoma brucei |
| AMPK | - |
Dictyostelium discoideum |
| AMPK | - |
Schizosaccharomyces pombe |
| AMPK | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans |
| AMPK | - |
Physcomitrium patens |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATP | - |
Drosophila melanogaster | |
| ATP | - |
Mus musculus | |
| ATP | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| ATP | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| ATP | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
| ATP | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| ATP | - |
Giardia intestinalis | |
| ATP | - |
Trypanosoma brucei | |
| ATP | - |
Dictyostelium discoideum | |
| ATP | - |
Schizosaccharomyces pombe | |
| ATP | - |
Caenorhabditis elegans | |
| ATP | - |
Physcomitrium patens | |
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