Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
transient recombinant expression of wild-type and mutant His-tagged MGAT2s' catalytic domain (residues 29-447) in HEK293S (GnTI-) or HEK293F (wild-type) cells. The fusion protein construct encodes an NH2-terminal signal sequence, His8-tag, AviTag, superfolder GFP, the TEV protease recognition site, and the truncated MGAT2 coding region behind a CMV promoter | Homo sapiens |
Crystallization (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
purified recombinant catalytic domain of MGAT2 at 20 mg/ml in 5 mM MnCl2, 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.0, 50 mM NaCl, 200 mM betaine, and 10% glycerol is crystallized using hanging drop vapor diffusion method from a reservoir of 1.4 M ammonium sulfate. Crystals grow in 8-12 weeks and are derivatized with uranium oxide for phasing. The crystals are transferred to the reservoir solution supplemented with 20% cryoprotectant (2:2:1 ratio of ethylene glycol:DMSO:glycerol). MGAT2:UO2 crystallizes in space group P43212. For the UDP complex (MGAT2:UDP), 20 mg/ml of protein containing 5 mM UDP, 5 mM MnCl2, 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.0, 50 mM NaCl, 200 mM betaine and 10% glycerol produces multinucleated crystals from a reservoir containing 1.9 M ammonium sulfate, 100 mM HEPES at pH 7.5. Crystal seeding and optimization produce single crystals from a reservoir containing 1.7 M ammonium sulfate, 100 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 5 mM UDP, and 5 mM MnCl2. Crystals are transferred to a reservoir solution supplemented with 20% cryoprotectant (2:2:1 ratio of ethylene glycol, DMSO, and glycerol). MGAT2:UDP crystallizes in P21. For the acceptor complex (MGAT2:Acc), 20 mg/ml of protein in 5 mM acceptor (GlcNAc-Man3-GlcNAc2-Asn), 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.0, 50 mM NaCl, 200 mM betaine and 10% glycerol, is crystallized from 1.6 M ammonium sulfate, 100 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, using the MGAT2:UDP crystals as the initial seed stock and MGAT2:Acc crystals as the final seed stock. The crystals are cryoprotected with the reservoir solution supplemented with 5 mM acceptor, 1.6 M ammonium sulfate, 100 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, and 20% cryoprotectant (2:2:1 ratio of ethylene glycol, DMSO and glycerol). MGAT2:Acc crystallizes in P22121. X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 2.0 A, 1.6 A, and 2.8 A resolution, respectively | Homo sapiens |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
D217A | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows highly reduced activity compared to wild-type | Homo sapiens |
D347A | site-directed mutagenesis, inactive mutant | Homo sapiens |
E259 | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows highly reduced activity compared to wild-type | Homo sapiens |
additional information | MGAT2 catalytic domain expression construct (residues 29-447) is generated by replacement of the NH2-terminal membrane anchor with a fusion peptide cassette to target the secretion of the recombinant fusion protein product in mammalian cells | Homo sapiens |
N318A | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced activity compared to wild-type | Homo sapiens |
R198A | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced activity compared to wild-type | Homo sapiens |
W346A | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows highly reduced activity compared to wild-type | Homo sapiens |
Y294A | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced activity compared to wild-type | Homo sapiens |
Y344A | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced activity compared to wild-type | Homo sapiens |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.062 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant wild-type mutant expressed from HEK-293F cells | Homo sapiens | |
0.0782 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant wild-type mutant expressed from HEK-293S cells | Homo sapiens | |
0.115 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant N318A | Homo sapiens | |
0.145 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant Y294A | Homo sapiens | |
0.17 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant W346A | Homo sapiens | |
0.223 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant R198A | Homo sapiens | |
0.29 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant E259A | Homo sapiens | |
0.295 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant wild-type mutant expressed from HEK-293S cells | Homo sapiens | |
0.349 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant wild-type mutant expressed from HEK-293F cells | Homo sapiens | |
0.557 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant Y344A | Homo sapiens | |
1.09 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant Y294A | Homo sapiens | |
1.4 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant N318A | Homo sapiens | |
1.49 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant R198A | Homo sapiens | |
2.14 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant Y344A | Homo sapiens | |
2.36 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant D217A | Homo sapiens | |
4.3 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant E259A | Homo sapiens |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
Golgi membrane | - |
Homo sapiens | 139 | - |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Mn2+ | dependent on | Homo sapiens |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc + beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn-[protein] | Homo sapiens | - |
UDP + beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn-[protein] | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | Q10469 | - |
- |
Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
glycoprotein | N-glycosylation and the binding of UDP, Mn2+, and GlcNAcMan3GlcNAc2 in the MGAT2 structure, overview | Homo sapiens |
Purification (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
recombinant wild-type and mutant His-tagged MGAT2 catalytic domains from HEK293 cells by nickel affinity chromatography, cleavage of fusion tags by recombinant TEV protease, and trimming of glycan structures to a single GlcNAc residue by EndoF1, followed by gel filtration, and ultrafiltration | Homo sapiens |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
additional information | binding structure of acceptor substrate and UDP, overview | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
- |
|
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc + beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | Gbeta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn glycan acceptor (GlcNAc-Man3-GlcNAc2-Asn) is used as acceptor substrate in enzyme assay, generated by enzymatic modification of a sialylglycopeptide (SGP) isolated from hen egg yolks and purified | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc + beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn-[protein] | - |
Homo sapiens | UDP + beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn-[protein] | - |
? |
Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
More | modular architecture for GT substrate interactions, overview | Homo sapiens |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase | - |
Homo sapiens |
Mgat2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II | - |
Homo sapiens |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
37 | - |
assay at | Homo sapiens |
Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.000083 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant E259A | Homo sapiens | |
0.00018 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant E259A | Homo sapiens | |
0.0012 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant D217A | Homo sapiens | |
0.0023 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant Y344A | Homo sapiens | |
0.0023 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant Y344A | Homo sapiens | |
0.005 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant W346A | Homo sapiens | |
0.05 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant N318A | Homo sapiens | |
0.102 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant N318A | Homo sapiens | |
0.112 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant R198A | Homo sapiens | |
0.137 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant R198A | Homo sapiens | |
0.167 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant Y294A | Homo sapiens | |
0.218 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant Y294A | Homo sapiens | |
0.593 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant wild-type mutant expressed from HEK-293S cells | Homo sapiens | |
0.682 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant wild-type mutant expressed from HEK-293S cells | Homo sapiens | |
0.773 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant wild-type mutant expressed from HEK-293F cells | Homo sapiens | |
1.003 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant wild-type mutant expressed from HEK-293F cells | Homo sapiens |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
7 | - |
assay at | Homo sapiens |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
evolution | MGAT2 has been characterized from mammalian, plant, and insect sources, enzyme structure comparisons, overview | Homo sapiens |
malfunction | human deficiency in MGAT2 leads to carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type IIa (CDG IIa) characterized by facial dysmorphy, ventricular septal defects, and severely retarded psychomotor development. To date, five MGAT2 mutations have been identified in CDG IIa patients, all residing within the catalytic domain (H262R, S290F, N318D, C339ter, and K237N). Four of the mutations (H262R, S290F, N318D, C339ter) exhibit significantly reduced (compound heterozygote N318D:C339ter) or a complete absence of enzyme activity (H262R, S290F). Three of the residues are nonconserved (H262, N318, and K237), and N318 and K237 H-bond directly or indirectly with the UDP-GlcNAc donor. The S290 is a conserved residue that stabilizes the core of the GT-A fold through H-bonds to peptide bond backbone residues. The H262R, S290F, and K237N mutations break these critical hydrogen bonds and introduce steric clashes to destabilize the protein. The isosteric N318D mutation results in reduced activity similar to the 30 to 37fold reduction in kcat/Km for the N318A | Homo sapiens |
metabolism | Asn-linked oligosaccharides are extensively modified during transit through the secretory pathway, first by trimming of the nascent glycan chains and subsequently by initiating and extending multiple oligosaccharide branches from the trimannosyl glycan core. Trimming and branching pathway steps are highly ordered and hierarchal based on the precise substrate specificities of the individual biosynthetic enzymes. A key committed step in the synthesis of complex-type glycans is catalyzed by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (MGAT2), an enzyme that generates the second GlcNAcbeta1,2- branch from the trimannosyl glycan core using UDPGlcNAc as the sugar donor. Enzymatic steps required for the synthesis of the complex-type structures, processing of N-glycans from Man9GlcNAc2 to complex-type structures includes GlcNAc addition by MGAT1, Man trimming by MAN2A1, and GlcNAc addition by MGAT2, pathway overview | Homo sapiens |
additional information | Rossmann-like fold that employs conserved divalent cation-dependent substrate interactions with the UDP-GlcNAc donor. MGAT2 interactions with the extended glycan acceptor are distinct from other related glycosyltransferases. These interactions are composed of a catalytic subsite that binds the Man-(alpha1,6)- monosaccharide acceptor and a distal exosite pocket that binds the GlcNAc-beta1,2Man-alpha1,3Manbeta- substrate recognition arm. Substrate binding by MGAT2 employs both conserved and convergent catalytic subsite modules to provide substrate selectivity and catalysis. More broadly, the MGAT2 active-site architecture demonstrates how glycosyltransferases create complementary modular templates for regiospecific extension of glycan structures in mammalian cells. The enzyme MGAT2 employs a UDP-GlcNAc donor in a Mn2+-dependent inverting catalytic mechanism. structural basis for substrate recognition by MGAT2, structure-function analysis, structure comparisons, catalytic mechanism, detailed overview | Homo sapiens |
kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] | kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.000042 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant E259A | Homo sapiens | |
0.00029 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant E259A | Homo sapiens | |
0.00051 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant D217A | Homo sapiens | |
0.0011 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant Y344A | Homo sapiens | |
0.0041 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant Y344A | Homo sapiens | |
0.029 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant W346A | Homo sapiens | |
0.073 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant N318A | Homo sapiens | |
0.075 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant R198A | Homo sapiens | |
0.2 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant Y294A | Homo sapiens | |
0.435 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant N318A | Homo sapiens | |
0.614 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant R198A | Homo sapiens | |
1.152 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant mutant Y294A | Homo sapiens | |
2.01 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant wild-type mutant expressed from HEK-293S cells | Homo sapiens | |
2.22 | - |
UDP-alpha-D-GlcNAc | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant wild-type mutant expressed from HEK-293F cells | Homo sapiens | |
8.72 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant wild-type mutant expressed from HEK-293S cells | Homo sapiens | |
16.18 | - |
beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-N-Asn | pH 7.0, 37°C, recombinant wild-type mutant expressed from HEK-293F cells | Homo sapiens |