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L-phenylalanine
(E)-cinnamate + NH3
L-tyrosine
p-hydroxycinnamic acid + NH3
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine
trans-p-hydroxycinnamate + NH3
L-phenylalanine
(E)-cinnamate + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
(E)-cinnamate + NH3
-
-
-
?, r
L-tyrosine
trans-p-hydroxycinnamate + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine
trans-p-hydroxycinnamate + NH3
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine
trans-p-hydroxycinnamate + NH3
two models of the enzyme are used to explore its potential energy surface in great detail: a 172 atoms DFT cluster model and a 5216 atoms QM/MM model
-
-
?
L-tyrosine
trans-p-hydroxycinnamate + NH3
two models of the enzyme are used to explore its potential energy surface in great detail: a 172 atoms DFT cluster model and a 5216 atoms QM/MM model
-
-
?
L-tyrosine
trans-p-hydroxycinnamate + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine
trans-p-hydroxycinnamate + NH3
-
assay at 40°C, pH 7.8
-
-
?
L-tyrosine
trans-p-hydroxycinnamate + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine
trans-p-hydroxycinnamate + NH3
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine
trans-p-hydroxycinnamate + NH3
-
assay at 40°C
-
-
?
L-tyrosine
trans-p-hydroxycinnamate + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine
trans-p-hydroxycinnamate + NH3
-
rate-limiting enzyme of phenolic biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
L-tyrosine
trans-p-hydroxycinnamate + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine
trans-p-hydroxycinnamate + NH3
-
rate-limiting enzyme of phenolic biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
L-tyrosine
trans-p-hydroxycinnamate + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine
trans-p-hydroxycinnamate + NH3
-
rate-limiting enzyme of phenolic biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
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metabolism
-
catalyzes first commited step in the biosynthesis of phenolics
metabolism
-
rate-limiting enzyme of phenolic biosynthetic pathway
metabolism
-
rate-limiting enzyme of phenolic biosynthetic pathway
metabolism
-
rate-limiting enzyme of phenolic biosynthetic pathway
-
physiological function
-
tyrosine ammonia-lyase activity is significantly higher in the tissues infected by Glomerella cingulata than in corresponding control and reaches its peak 48 hours after inoculation in the resistant varieties. Defense enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase and polyphenol oxidase prevent the infection by Glomerella cingulata in the resistant tea varieties, in a sequential manner. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase is induced first, followed by tyrosine ammonia-lyase and then polyphenol oxidase, during biotic stress induced by Glomerella cingulata in tea plants
physiological function
-
tyrosine ammonia-lyase activity is significantly higher in the tissues infected by Glomerella cingulata than in corresponding control and reaches its peak 48 hours after inoculation in the resistant varieties. Defense enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase and polyphenol oxidase prevent the infection by Glomerella cingulata in the resistant tea varieties, in a sequential manner. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase is induced first, followed by tyrosine ammonia-lyase and then polyphenol oxidase, during biotic stress induced by Glomerella cingulata in tea plants
-
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agriculture
-
tyrosine ammonia-lyase activity is significantly higher in the tissues infected by Glomerella cingulata than in corresponding control and reaches its peak 48 hours after inoculation in the resistant varieties. Defense enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase and polyphenol oxidase prevent the infection by Glomerella cingulata in the resistant tea varieties, in a sequential manner. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase is induced first, followed by tyrosine ammonia-lyase and then polyphenol oxidase, during biotic stress induced by Glomerella cingulata in tea plants
agriculture
-
tyrosine ammonia-lyase activity is significantly higher in the tissues infected by Glomerella cingulata than in corresponding control and reaches its peak 48 hours after inoculation in the resistant varieties. Defense enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase and polyphenol oxidase prevent the infection by Glomerella cingulata in the resistant tea varieties, in a sequential manner. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase is induced first, followed by tyrosine ammonia-lyase and then polyphenol oxidase, during biotic stress induced by Glomerella cingulata in tea plants
-
synthesis
biotransformation of tyrosine to p-coumaric acid reaching a maximum 2.4fold increase when 0.5 mM tyrosine is supplemented to the growth medium with Synechocystis PCC 6803 expressing tyrosine ammonia-lyase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides under Ptrc1O promoter
synthesis
-
by expressing Rhodobacter sphaeroides tyrosine ammonia lyase, in Streptomyces mobaraense, which permits the synthesis of p-coumaric acid from glucose, a strain is obtained that produces high amounts of 4-vinylphenol
synthesis
for 4-vinylphenol production directly from cellulose, L-tyrosine ammonia lyase derived from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and phenolic acid decarboxylase from Streptomyces sviceus are introduced into endoglucanase-secreting Streptomyces lividans, and the 4-vinylphenol biosynthetic pathway is constructed therein. The created transformants successfully produce 4-vinylphenol directly from cellulose
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Kyndt, J.A.; Meyer, T.E.; Cusanovich, M.A.; Van Beeumen, J.J.
Characterization of a bacterial tyrosine ammonia lyase, a biosynthetic enzyme for the photoactive yellow protein
FEBS Lett.
512
240-244
2002
Rhodobacter capsulatus
brenda
Bartsch, S.; Bornscheuer, U.T.
A single residue influences the reaction mechanism of ammonia lyases and mutases
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.
48
3362-3365
2009
Cereibacter sphaeroides
brenda
Cao, S.; Hu, Z.; Zheng, Y.; Lu, B.
Effect of BTH on anthocyanin content and activities of related enzymes in Strawberry after harvest
J. Agric. Food Chem.
58
5801-5805
2010
Fragaria x ananassa
brenda
Schiavon, M.; Pizzeghello, D.; Muscolo, A.; Vaccaro, S.; Francioso, O.; Nardi, S.
High Molecular Size Humic Substances Enhance Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Maize (Zea mays L.)
J. Chem. Ecol.
36
662-669
2010
Zea mays
brenda
Nishiyama, Y.; Yun, C.S.; Matsuda, F.; Sasaki, T.; Saito, K.; Tozawa, Y.
Expression of bacterial tyrosine ammonia-lyase creates a novel p-coumaric acid pathway in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids in Arabidopsis
Planta
232
209-218
2010
Cereibacter sphaeroides
brenda
Chakraborty, B.; Som, R.
Time-course accumulation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, tyrosine ammonia lyase and polyphenol oxidase triggered by Glomerella cingulata in tea varieties
Res. J. Pharm. Biol. Chem. Sci.
1
524-535
2010
Camellia sinensis
-
brenda
Guruprasad, R.; Deepashree, H.; Manasa, B.; Soundarya, S.
Tyrosine ammonia lyase extracted from Clitoria ternatea Linn. - Its important role in metabolism of humans and reaction with different metal ions
Int. J. Pharm. Bio Sci.
5
B76-B82
2014
Clitoria ternatea
-
brenda
Zhou, S.; Liu, P.; Chen, J.; Du, G.; Li, H.; Zhou, J.
Characterization of mutants of a tyrosine ammonia-lyase from Rhodotorula glutinis
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
100
10443-10452
2016
Rhodotorula glutinis (U5TV35), Rhodotorula glutinis
brenda
Pinto, G.P.; Ribeiro, A.J.; Ramos, M.J.; Fernandes, P.A.; Toscano, M.; Russo, N.
New insights in the catalytic mechanism of tyrosine ammonia-lyase given by QM/MM and QM cluster models
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
582
107-115
2015
Cereibacter sphaeroides (Q3IWB0), Cereibacter sphaeroides ATCC 17023 (Q3IWB0)
brenda
Noda, S.; Kawai, Y.; Tanaka, T.; Kondo, A.
4-Vinylphenol biosynthesis from cellulose as the sole carbon source using phenolic acid decarboxylase- and tyrosine ammonia lyase-expressing Streptomyces lividans
Biores. Technol.
180
59-65
2015
Cereibacter sphaeroides (Q3IWB0)
brenda
Fujiwara, R.; Noda, S.; Kawai, Y.; Tanaka, T.; Kondo, A.
4-Vinylphenol production from glucose using recombinant Streptomyces mobaraense expressing a tyrosine ammonia lyase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides
Biotechnol. Lett.
38
1543-1549
2016
Cereibacter sphaeroides
brenda
Ganapathy, G.; Keerthi, D.; Nair, R.; Pillai, P.
Correlation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) activities to phenolics and curcuminoid content in ginger and its wild congener, Zingiber zerumbet following Pythium myriotylum infection
Eur. J. Plant Pathol.
145
777-785
2016
Zingiber zerumbet, Zingiber officinale Rosc., Zingiber zerumbet L. Smith
-
brenda
Liang, J.; Guo, L.; Lin, J.; Ye, Z.
Cloning, expression and enzymatic properties of tyrosine ammonia-lyase from Rhodotorula glutinis
J. Chin. Inst. Food Sci. Technol.
17
213-219
2017
Rhodotorula glutinis
-
brenda
Tantong, S.; Nuengchamnong, N.; Kumphune, S.; Incharoensakdi, A.; Lindblad, P.; Sirikantaramas, S.
Synechocystis PCC 6803 cells heterologously expressing bacterial tyrosine ammonia lyase can use exogenous tyrosine for p-coumaric acid production
J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol.
27
118-122
2018
Cereibacter sphaeroides (Q3IWB0)
-
brenda