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Information on EC 2.4.1.274 - glucosylceramide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC2.4.1.274
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EC Tree
IUBMB Comments Involved in the synthesis of several different major classes of glycosphingolipids.
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
B4GalT5, B4GalT6, beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase V, beta4-galactosyltransferase 5, beta4GalT5, Lac-Cer synthase, LacCer synthase, lactosylceramide synthase, UDP-Ga1:glucosylceramide beta1->4galactosyltransferase, UDP-Gal:glucosylceramide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase,
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beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase V
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beta4-galactosyltransferase 5
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lactosylceramide synthase
UDP-Ga1:glucosylceramide beta1->4galactosyltransferase
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UDP-Gal:glucosylceramide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase
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UDP-galactose:GlcCer, beta1-4 galactosyltransferase
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UDPgalactose:glucosylceramide beta1->4-galactosyltransferase
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LacCer synthase
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lactosylceramide synthase
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lactosylceramide synthase
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UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
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UDP-galactose:beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase
Involved in the synthesis of several different major classes of glycosphingolipids.
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UDP-alpha-D-galactose + glucosylceramide
UDP + lactosylceramide
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?
UDP-galactose + beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
UDP-galactose + ceramide
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UDP-galactose + galactosylceramide
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UDP-galactose + GlcNAc-beta-(1->3)-Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta-(1<->1)-Cer
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UDP-galactose + lactosylceramide
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UDP-galactose + beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
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UDP-galactose + beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
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the enzyme is involved in the synthesis of several different major classes of glycosphingolipids
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?
UDP-galactose + beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
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UDP-alpha-D-galactose + glucosylceramide
UDP + lactosylceramide
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?
UDP-galactose + beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
UDP-galactose + beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
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the enzyme is involved in the synthesis of several different major classes of glycosphingolipids
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?
UDP-galactose + beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
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Ca2+
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the enzyme is activated by Mn2+ and to a lesser extent by Mg2+ and Ca2+
Mg2+
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the enzyme is inactive without added metal ions. Maximal activity is obtained in the presence of 1.0 mM Mn2+/Mg2+ (1:1)
Mg2+
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the enzyme is activated by Mn2+ and to a lesser extent by Mg2+ and Ca2+
Mn2+
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optimum activity is obtained in the presence of 1.0 mM Mn2+/Mg2+ (1:1)
Mn2+
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the enzyme is activated by Mn2+ and to a lesser extent by Mg2+ and Ca2+
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Cutscum
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maximal activity in a detergent mixture, Triton X-100/Cutscum (1:2, v/v), 0.1 mg/ml
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Triton X-100
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maximal activity in a detergent mixture, Triton X-100/Cutscum (1:2, v/v), 0.1 mg/ml
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Asthma
Genome-wide Interaction Analysis of Air Pollution Exposure and Childhood Asthma with Functional Follow-up.
Astrocytoma
Over-expression of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase V increases the growth of astrocytoma cell line.
Atherosclerosis
Platelet derived growth factor recruits lactosylceramide to induce cell proliferation in UDP Gal:GlcCer: beta1 --> 4Galactosyltransferase (GalT-V) mutant Chinese hamster ovary cells.
Colonic Neoplasms
VEGF recruits lactosylceramide to induce endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo.
Glioblastoma
Over-expression of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase V increases the growth of astrocytoma cell line.
Insulin Resistance
Downregulation of ?1,4-galactosyltransferase 5 improves insulin resistance by promoting adipocyte commitment and reducing inflammation.
Leukemia
B4GALT family mediates the multidrug resistance of human leukemia cells by regulating the hedgehog pathway and the expression of p-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1.
Lymphoma
Selenium reduces enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 verotoxin production and globotriaosylceramide receptor expression on host cells.
Melanoma
Human melanoma and Chinese hamster ovary cells galactosylate n-alkyl-beta-glucosides using UDP gal:GlcNAc beta 1,4 galactosyltransferase.
Melanoma
Positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by ganglioside GM3 through Akt in mouse melanoma B16 cells.
Melanoma, Experimental
Expression machinery of GM4: the excess amounts of GM3/GM4S synthase (ST3GAL5) are necessary for GM4 synthesis in mammalian cells.
Neoplasm Metastasis
Multiple genes identified as targets for 20q13.12-13.33 gain contributing to unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Neoplasms
Correlated gene expression between beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase V and N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V in human cancer cell lines.
Neoplasms
Multiple genes identified as targets for 20q13.12-13.33 gain contributing to unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Neoplasms
Platelet derived growth factor recruits lactosylceramide to induce cell proliferation in UDP Gal:GlcCer: beta1 --> 4Galactosyltransferase (GalT-V) mutant Chinese hamster ovary cells.
Neoplasms
Sequential action of Ets-1 and Sp1 in the activation of the human beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase V gene involved in abnormal glycosylation characteristic of cancer cells.
Neoplasms
The Immunological Regulation Roles of Porcine ?-1, 4 Galactosyltransferase V (B4GALT5) in PRRSV Infection.
Neoplasms
The Yin and Yang of lactosylceramide metabolism: Implications in cell function.
Neoplasms
Transcriptional regulation of the human beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase V gene in cancer cells: essential role of transcription factor Sp1.
Neuroblastoma
Trichothecenes induce accumulation of glucosylceramide in neural cells by interfering with lactosylceramide synthase activity.
Pectus Carinatum
Skeletal dysplasia, global developmental delay, and multiple congenital anomalies in a 5-year-old boy-Report of the second family with B3GAT3 mutation and expansion of the phenotype.
Polycystic Kidney Diseases
The Yin and Yang of lactosylceramide metabolism: Implications in cell function.
Refractive Errors
Skeletal dysplasia, global developmental delay, and multiple congenital anomalies in a 5-year-old boy-Report of the second family with B3GAT3 mutation and expansion of the phenotype.
Skin Abnormalities
Skeletal dysplasia, global developmental delay, and multiple congenital anomalies in a 5-year-old boy-Report of the second family with B3GAT3 mutation and expansion of the phenotype.
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0.003 - 0.11
beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
0.0005 - 0.52
UDP-galactose
0.003
beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
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pH 6.8, 37°C
0.0237
beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
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pH 7.4, 37°C
0.11
beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
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pH 7.0, 37°C
0.0005
UDP-galactose
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pH 6.8, 37°C
0.0806
UDP-galactose
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pH 7.4, 37°C
0.52
UDP-galactose
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pH 7.0, 37°C
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0.0613
recombinant enzyme, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
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37
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assay at
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4.55
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isoelectric focusing
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SwissProt
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UniProt
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high expression
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; melanoma cell
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low axpression
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isoform beta4GalT5 works predominantly in mouse embryonic fibroblasts
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low axpression
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low axpression
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from normal and familial hypercholesterolemic homozygotes. Urinary proximal tubular cells from familial hypercholesterolemic homozygous patients contain glucosylceramide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity 35% higher as compared to control cells
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additional information
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expression levels of B4galt6 gene is almost equivalent between male and female mice
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high expression
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high activity
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male mice show much higher activity of LacCer synthesis than female mice in the kidney. Expression levels of the B4galt5 gene correlate with the LacCer synthase activity in the kidney
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low axpression
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low activity
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low activity
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physiological function
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elevated glucosylceramide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity may contribute to the storage of lactosylceramide urinary proximal tubular cells from familial hypercholesterolemic patients
physiological function
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B4galt6 KO mice are born and grow up apparently normal. LacCer synthase activity and the composition of acidic glycosphingolipids in the brain are almost equivalent or minimally different between wild-type and KO mice. B4GalT6 does not act as a major beta4GalT on the modification of glycoproteins
physiological function
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the amounts of Lac-Cer and ganglioside GM3 are significantly less in a stable clone E5 whose beta4GalT5 gene expression level is reduced to 35% than in a control clone C1 by transfection of its antisense cDNA. The average tumor size and average number of colonies formed with clone E5 are decreased to 44 and 49%, respectively, of those formed with clone C1. The numbers and sizes of colonies formed in the soft agarose gels, and the volumes of tumors formed in athymic mice with fibroblasts from wild type, heterozygous and homozygous beta4GalT5-knockout mouse embryos upon transformation with the polyoma virus oncogene correlate with the beta4GalT5 gene dosage
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B4GT5_DANRE
381
1
44335
Swiss-Prot
B4GT5_HUMAN
388
1
45119
Swiss-Prot
B4GT5_MOUSE
388
1
44814
Swiss-Prot
B4GT5_PIG
388
1
45046
Swiss-Prot
B4GT6_HUMAN
382
1
44914
Swiss-Prot
B4GT6_MOUSE
382
1
44759
Swiss-Prot
B4GT6_RAT
382
1
44778
Swiss-Prot
A0A061ID44_CRIGR
275
0
32270
TrEMBL
A0A061IJR6_CRIGR
329
0
38656
TrEMBL
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44776
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x * 44776, calculated from sequence
61000
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x * 61000, SDS-PAGE
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?
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x * 44776, calculated from sequence; x * 61000, SDS-PAGE
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glycoprotein
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contains about 15% N-linked carbohydrate. The polypeptide contains eight putative glycosylation sites
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expression in Sf9 cells
expression in Sf9 cells
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gene expression increases by 2-3fold upon malignant transformation of cells
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medicine
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the amounts of Lac-Cer synthesized by isoform beta4GalT5 correlate with the tumorigenic potentials of malignantly transformed cells
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Trinchera, M.; Fiorilli, A.; Ghidoni, R.
Localization in the Golgi apparatus of rat liver UDP-Gal:glucosylceramide beta1-4galactosyltransferase
Biochemistry
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2719-2724
1991
Rattus norvegicus
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Takizawa, M.; Nomura, T.; Wakisaka, E.; Yoshizuka, N.; Aoki, J.; Arai, H.; Inoue, K.; Hattori, M.; Matsuo, N.
cDNA cloning and expression of human lactosylceramide synthase
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1438
301-304
1999
Homo sapiens (Q9UBX8)
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Chatterjee, S.; Castiglione, E.
UDPgalactose:glucosylceramide beta1->4-galactosyltransferase activity in human proximal tubular cells from normal and familial hypercholesterolemic homozygotes
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
923
136-142
1987
Homo sapiens
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Chatterjee, S.; Ghosh, N.; Khurana, S.
Purification of uridine diphosphate-galactose:glucosyl ceramide, beta1-4 galactosyltransferase from human kidney
J. Biol. Chem.
267
7148-7153
1992
Homo sapiens
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Nomura, T.; Takizawa, M.; Aoki, J.; Arai, H.; Inoue, K.; Wakisaka, E.; Yoshizuka, N.; Imokawa, G., Dohmae, N.; Takio, K.; Hattori, M.; Matsuo, N.
Purification, cDNA cloning, and expression of UDP-Gal:glucosylceramide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase from rat brain
J. Biol. Chem.
273
13570-13577
1998
Rattus norvegicus
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Kumagai, T.; Sato, T.; Natsuka, S.; Kobayashi, Y.; Zhou, D.; Shinkai, T.; Hayakawa, S.; Furukawa, K.
Involvement of murine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase V in lactosylceramide biosynthesis
Glycoconj. J.
27
685-695
2010
Mus musculus
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Tokuda, N.; Numata, S.; Li, X.; Nomura, T.; Takizawa, M.; Kondo, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Hashimoto, N.; Kiyono, T.; Urano, T.; Furukawa, K.; Furukawa, K.
beta4GalT6 is involved in the synthesis of lactosylceramide with less intensity than beta4GalT5
Glycobiology
23
1175-1183
2013
Mus musculus, Mus musculus (Q9JMK0)
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Shirane, K.; Kuji, R.; Tareyanagi, C.; Sato, T.; Kobayashi, Y.; Furukawa, S.; Murata, T.; Kubota, S.; Ishikawa, Y.; Segawa, K.; Furukawa, K.
Gene expression levels of beta4-galactosyltransferase 5 correlate with the tumorigenic potentials of B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells
Glycobiology
24
532-541
2014
Mus musculus (Q9JMK0)
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2.4.1.274 glucosylceramide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase
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