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Information on EC 1.17.4.1 - ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase and Organism(s) Oryza sativa and UniProt Accession Q6K848
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1.17.4.1 ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductaseIUBMB Comments
This enzyme is responsible for the de novo conversion of ribonucleoside diphosphates into deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates, which are essential for DNA synthesis and repair. There are three types of this enzyme differing in their cofactors. Class Ia enzymes contain a diiron(III)-tyrosyl radical, class Ib enzymes contain a dimanganese-tyrosyl radical, and class II enzymes contain adenosylcobalamin. In all cases the cofactors are involved in generation of a transient thiyl (sulfanyl) radical on a cysteine residue, which attacks the substrate, forming a ribonucleotide 3'-radical, followed by water loss to form a ketyl (alpha-oxoalkyl) radical. The ketyl radical is reduced to 3'-keto-deoxynucleotide concomitant with formation of a disulfide anion radical between two cysteine residues. A proton-coupled electron-transfer from the disulfide radical to the substrate generates a 3'-deoxynucleotide radical, and the final product is formed when the hydrogen atom that was initially removed from the 3'-position of the nucleotide by the thiyl radical is returned to the same position. The disulfide bridge is reduced by the action of thioredoxin. cf. EC 1.1.98.6, ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase (formate) and EC 1.17.4.2, ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase (thioredoxin).
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Word Map
- 1.17.4.1
- deoxyribonucleotides
- hydroxyurea
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tyrosyl
- reductases
- chlamydia
- trachomatis
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deoxynucleotides
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proton-coupled
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diiron
- deoxycytidine
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diferric
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thiyl
- dntps
- dcdp
- thiosemicarbazone
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diferric-tyrosyl
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nrdabs
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hydroxyurea-resistant
- medicine
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nrdef
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heterodinuclear
- drug development
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antiferromagnetically
- pharmacology
- molecular biology
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Oryza sativa
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, cdp reductase, class i rnr, class i ribonucleotide reductase, class ia rnr, ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase, class ia ribonucleotide reductase, adp reductase, p53-inducible ribonucleotide reductase, class ic ribonucleotide reductase, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
2'-deoxyribonucleoside-diphosphate:oxidized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
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ADP reductase
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CDP reductase
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nucleoside diphosphate reductase
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reductase, ribonucleoside diphosphate
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ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate reductase
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ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase
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ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase
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ribonucleotide reductase
UDP reductase
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ribonucleotide reductase
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
redox reaction
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oxidation
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reduction
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
KEGG
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-, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
2'-deoxyribonucleoside-5'-diphosphate:thioredoxin-disulfide 2'-oxidoreductase
This enzyme is responsible for the de novo conversion of ribonucleoside diphosphates into deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates, which are essential for DNA synthesis and repair. There are three types of this enzyme differing in their cofactors. Class Ia enzymes contain a diiron(III)-tyrosyl radical, class Ib enzymes contain a dimanganese-tyrosyl radical, and class II enzymes contain adenosylcobalamin. In all cases the cofactors are involved in generation of a transient thiyl (sulfanyl) radical on a cysteine residue, which attacks the substrate, forming a ribonucleotide 3'-radical, followed by water loss to form a ketyl (alpha-oxoalkyl) radical. The ketyl radical is reduced to 3'-keto-deoxynucleotide concomitant with formation of a disulfide anion radical between two cysteine residues. A proton-coupled electron-transfer from the disulfide radical to the substrate generates a 3'-deoxynucleotide radical, and the final product is formed when the hydrogen atom that was initially removed from the 3'-position of the nucleotide by the thiyl radical is returned to the same position. The disulfide bridge is reduced by the action of thioredoxin. cf. EC 1.1.98.6, ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase (formate) and EC 1.17.4.2, ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase (thioredoxin).
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9047-64-7
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Hydroxyurea
wild-type plants exposed to a low concentration of an RNR inhibitor, hydroxyurea, produce chlorotic leaves without growth retardation, reminiscent of v3 and st1 mutants
Hydroxyurea
wild-type plants exposed to a low concentration of an RNR inhibitor, hydroxyurea, produce chlorotic leaves without growth retardation, reminiscent of v3 and st1 mutants
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
large subunit, gene V3; subsp. japonica, genes virescent3, V3, and stripe1, Str1, encoding the large and small subunits, RNRL1, and RNRS1
UniProt
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
wild-type plants exposed to a low concentration of an RNR inhibitor, hydroxyurea, produce chlorotic leaves without growth retardation, reminiscent of v3 and st1 mutants. Upon insufficient activity of RNR, plastid DNA synthesis is preferentially arrested to allow nuclear genome replication in developing leaves, leading to continuous plant growth
physiological function
RNR regulates the rate of deoxyribonucleotide production for DNA synthesis and repair. Rice virescent3 and stripe1 encoding the large and small subunits of ribonucleotide reductase are required for chloroplast biogenesis during early leaf development
malfunction
wild-type plants exposed to a low concentration of an RNR inhibitor, hydroxyurea, produce chlorotic leaves without growth retardation, reminiscent of v3 and st1 mutants. Upon insufficient activity of RNR, plastid DNA synthesis is preferentially arrested to allow nuclear genome replication in developing leaves, leading to continuous plant growth
physiological function
RNR regulates the rate of deoxyribonucleotide production for DNA synthesis and repair. Rice virescent3 and stripe1 encoding the large and small subunits of ribonucleotide reductase are required for chloroplast biogenesis during early leaf development
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
heterodimer
eukaryotic RNRs comprise alpha2beta2 heterodimers, the large and small subunits show strong interaction
heterodimer
eukaryotic RNRs comprise alpha2beta2 heterodimers, the large and small subunits show strong interaction
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
construction of transgenic plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Complementation by gene construct introduction into calli generated from the mature embryos of v3 mutant kernels, respectively. The virescent3 mutant in Oryza sativa produces chlorotic leaves in a growth stage-dependent manner under field conditions. It is a temperature-conditional mutant that produces bleached leaves at a constant 20°C or 30°C, but almost green leaves under diurnal 30°C/20°C conditions, phenotype, overview. Expression profiles of genes associated with chloroplast development in mutant plants
additional information
construction of transgenic plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Complementation by gene construct introduction into calli generated from the mature embryos of v3 mutant kernels, respectively. The virescent3 mutant in Oryza sativa produces chlorotic leaves in a growth stage-dependent manner under field conditions. It is a temperature-conditional mutant that produces bleached leaves at a constant 20°C or 30°C, but almost green leaves under diurnal 30°C/20°C conditions, phenotype, overview. Expression profiles of genes associated with chloroplast development in mutant plants
additional information
construction of transgenic plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Complementation by gene construct introduction into calli generated from the mature embryos of v3 and st1 mutant kernels, respectively. The stripe1 mutant in Oryza sativa produces chlorotic leaves in a growth stage-dependent manner under field conditions. It is a temperature-conditional mutants that produces bleached leaves at a constant 20°C or 30°C, but almost green leaves under diurnal 30°C/20°C conditions, phenotype, overview. Expression profiles of genes associated with chloroplast development in mutant plants
additional information
construction of transgenic plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Complementation by gene construct introduction into calli generated from the mature embryos of v3 and st1 mutant kernels, respectively. The stripe1 mutant in Oryza sativa produces chlorotic leaves in a growth stage-dependent manner under field conditions. It is a temperature-conditional mutants that produces bleached leaves at a constant 20°C or 30°C, but almost green leaves under diurnal 30°C/20°C conditions, phenotype, overview. Expression profiles of genes associated with chloroplast development in mutant plants
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
genes V3 and St1, gene mapping, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis. Complementation of a yeast mutant
genes V3 and St1, gene mapping, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Yoo, S.C.; Cho, S.H.; Sugimoto, H.; Li, J.; Kusumi, K.; Koh, H.J.; Iba, K.; Paek, N.C.
Rice virescent3 and stripe1 encoding the large and small subunits of ribonucleotide reductase are required for chloroplast biogenesis during early leaf development
Plant Physiol.
150
388-401
2009
Oryza sativa (Q5VRJ6), Oryza sativa (Q6K848)
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