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Information on EC 1.14.15.21 - zeaxanthin epoxidase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.14.15.21
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EC Tree 1 Oxidoreductases
1.14 Acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen
1.14.15 With reduced iron-sulfur protein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into the other donor
1.14.15.21 zeaxanthin epoxidase
IUBMB Comments
A flavoprotein (FAD) that is active under conditions of low light. Along with EC 1.23.5.1, violaxanthin de-epoxidase, this enzyme forms part of the xanthophyll (or violaxanthin) cycle, which is involved in protecting the plant against damage by excess light. It will also epoxidize lutein in some higher-plant species.
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
- 1.14.15.21
- photosystems
-
light-harvesting
-
chlorophyl
- thylakoids
- antenna
- trimer
-
carotenoid
-
photoprotection
-
dissipation
-
xanthophyl
-
non-photochemical
-
pigment-protein
- lutein
-
supercomplexes
- chlamydomonas
-
grana
- reinhardtii
-
photochemical
-
acclimation
- spinach
-
excitonic
-
chlorophyll-protein
-
photodamage
- chls
-
photoinhibition
- neoxanthin
-
picosecond
- monogalactosyldiacylglycerol
-
excited-state
-
de-epoxidation
-
photochemistry
-
pigment-binding
- plastoquinol
-
9-cis-epoxycarotenoid
-
unstacked
-
chlorophyll-binding
-
oxygen-evolving
-
lhcas
-
low-light
-
de-epoxidase
-
psi-lhci
-
appressed
-
high-light
-
carotenogenesis
-
macroaggregates
- antheraxanthin
-
carotenogenic
-
overexcitation
-
ultrafast
-
unquenched
Reaction Schemes
show+
4
+
4
+
2
=
+
4
+
2
+
4
reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
+
4
+
2
=
+
4
oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
+
2
Synonyms
lhcii, zeaxanthin epoxidase, temperature-induced lipocalin, lipocalin-like protein, chloroplastic lipocalin, aba2 protein, zea-epoxidase, zeaxanthin-epoxidase, violaxanthin cycle enzyme, more
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
EC 1.14.13.90
-
-
formerly
-
lipocalin-like protein
ZE
Zea-epoxidase
zeaxanthin epoxidase
ZEP
ZEP2
ZEP3
additional information
additional information
zeaxanthin epoxidase is a member of the lipocalin family, monooxygenases epoxidizing 3-hydroxy beta-ionone ring of xanthophylls in the 5,6 position
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 = violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 = antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
zeaxanthin + 4 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 4 H+ + 2 O2 = violaxanthin + 4 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
overall reaction
-
-
-
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 = violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
creation of an unstable carotenoid carbocation in the molecular mechanism of epoxidation
-
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 = violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
(1b)
-
-
-
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 = antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
creation of an unstable carotenoid carbocation in the molecular mechanism of epoxidation
-
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 = antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
(1a)
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
redox reaction
reduction
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
zeaxanthin,reduced ferredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase
A flavoprotein (FAD) that is active under conditions of low light. Along with EC 1.23.5.1, violaxanthin de-epoxidase, this enzyme forms part of the xanthophyll (or violaxanthin) cycle, which is involved in protecting the plant against damage by excess light. It will also epoxidize lutein in some higher-plant species.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
149718-34-3
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
lutein + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
lutein-5,6-epoxide + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
zeaxanthin + 4 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 4 H+ + 2 O2
violaxanthin + 4 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Amyema pendulum
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
ir
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the removal of epoxide groups in carotenoides of xanthophyll cycle in plants
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
ir
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: the violaxanthin/antheraxanthin cycle in Mantionella is caused by the interaction of the slow second de-epoxidation step and the relatively fast epoxidation of antheraxanthin to violaxanthin
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Substrates: early step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
ir
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron dipterum
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron emarginatum
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron hexastichon
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron perrottetii
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron piauhyanum
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron semivenosum
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron tunaeforme
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron undulatum
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phthirusa ovata
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Psittacanthus dichrous
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Substrates: early step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Substrates: early step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Struthanthus flexicaulis
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Struthanthus marginatus
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
antheraxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
violaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
ir
lutein + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
lutein-5,6-epoxide + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
lutein + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
lutein-5,6-epoxide + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Amyema pendulum
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
ir
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the removal of epoxide groups in carotenoides of xanthophyll cycle in plants
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
ir
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Substrates: early step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
ir
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron dipterum
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron emarginatum
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron hexastichon
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron perrottetii
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron piauhyanum
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron semivenosum
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron tunaeforme
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phoradendron undulatum
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Phthirusa ovata
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Psittacanthus dichrous
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Substrates: early step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Substrates: early step in abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Struthanthus flexicaulis
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Struthanthus marginatus
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: reaction in violaxanthin cycle and in pigment/abscisic acid synthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2
antheraxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
ir
zeaxanthin + 4 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 4 H+ + 2 O2
violaxanthin + 4 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: overall reaction
Products: overall reaction
?
zeaxanthin + 4 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 4 H+ + 2 O2
violaxanthin + 4 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: overall reaction
Products: overall reaction
?
zeaxanthin + 4 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 4 H+ + 2 O2
violaxanthin + 4 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
Substrates: overall reaction
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: the enzyme catalyses the epoxidation of zeaxanthin to antheraxanthin and violaxanthin, generating the epoxycarotenoid precursor of the ABA biosynthetic pathway, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme catalyses the epoxidation of zeaxanthin to antheraxanthin and violaxanthin, generating the epoxycarotenoid precursor of the ABA biosynthetic pathway, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is important in the xanthophyll cycle and in abscisic acid biosynthesis, abscisic acid is a plant hormone and key molecule that regulates plant responses to abiotic stress, such as drought and salinity, and is required for stress tolerance, overexpression of ZEP leads to increased salt and rought tolerance in transgenic plants, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: up-regulation of the zeaxanthin epoxidase gene ABA1/ZEP and three 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase genes, NCED2, NCED5, and NCED9 is responsible for suppression of seed germination at supraoptimal high temperature, thermoinhibitIon, during summer to establish vegetative and reproductive growth in appropriate seasons of Arabidopsis thaliana, abscisic acid and gibberellins play a role in the regulation of germination, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, the ability of higher plants to synthesize lutein epoxide probably does not depend on the substrate specificity of zeaxanthin epoxidase but on the availability of lutein for the enzyme, high extent of violaxanthin and antheraxanthin de-epoxidation under high light in Cuscuta species showing also high levels of lutein epoxide, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme also performs epoxidation of lutein
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is important in photoprotective mechanisms in higher plants
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: a conserved cysteine residue is involved in the catalytic reaction
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme catalyses the epoxidation of zeaxanthin to antheraxanthin and violaxanthin, generating the epoxycarotenoid precursor of the abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway, but has no regulating function on abscisic acid synthesis, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: drought stress causes an increase of zeaxanthin epoxidase mRNA in root but not in leafs. Strong diurnal expression pattern for zeaxanthin epoxidase in leafs, oscillation with a phase very similar to light-harvesting complex II mRNA, oscillation continues in a 48 h dark period
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: a conserved cysteine residue is involved in the catalytic reaction
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: wild-type enzyme expression is not induced by light and temperature but regulated by the diurnal rhythm, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: wild-type enzyme expression is not induced by light and temperature but regulated by the diurnal rhythm, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: xanthophyll and abscisisc acid biosynthesis pathway, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: xanthophyll and abscisisc acid biosynthesis pathway, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone ascisic acid, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?