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EC Tree
IUBMB Comments The enzyme, characterized from the bacteria Thermacetogenium phaeum and Desulfococcus oleovorans and from the archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus, is specific for NADH [cf. EC 1.1.1.86, ketol-acid reductoisomerase (NADP+) and EC 1.1.1.383, ketol-acid reductoisomerase [NAD(P)+]].
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Archaea
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ilvC
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(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+ = (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADH + H+
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(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (isomerizing)
The enzyme, characterized from the bacteria Thermacetogenium phaeum and Desulfococcus oleovorans and from the archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus, is specific for NADH [cf. EC 1.1.1.86, ketol-acid reductoisomerase (NADP+) and EC 1.1.1.383, ketol-acid reductoisomerase [NAD(P)+]].
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(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate i.e. (2S)-2-acetolactate
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(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
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(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate i.e. (2S)-2-acetolactate
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?
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
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(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate i.e. (2S)-2-acetolactate
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?
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
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(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate i.e. (2S)-2-acetolactate
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?
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NADH
specific for NADH. NADH/NADPH ratio of kcat/Km is 13
NADH
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specific for NADH. NADH/NADPH ratio of kcat/Km is 152
NADH
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specific for NADH. NADH/NADPH ratio of kcat/Km is 74
NADH
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specific for NADH. No activity with NADPH
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additional information
NADH
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Km-value for NADH is below 0.001 mM, pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
0.005
NADH
pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
0.032
NADH
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pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
1.1
NADH
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pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
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0.1
NADH
pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
0.22
NADH
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pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
0.25
NADH
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pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
0.46
NADH
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pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
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additional information
NADH
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kcat/Km for NADH is at least 460 /mM*s, pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
8
NADH
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pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
20
NADH
pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
200
NADH
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pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
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7
assay at
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cf. EC 1.1.1.86
SwissProt
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SwissProt
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UniProt
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UniProt
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UniProt
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cf. 1.1.1.86
SwissProt
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ILVC_DESOH
Desulfococcus oleovorans (strain DSM 6200 / JCM 39069 / Hxd3)
352
0
38685
Swiss-Prot
-
ILVC_THEPS
Thermacetogenium phaeum (strain ATCC BAA-254 / DSM 26808 / PB)
332
0
36963
Swiss-Prot
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ILVC_UNCAG
332
0
36857
Swiss-Prot
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A0A644VM12_9ZZZZ
333
0
36575
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1 )
A0A7R9N2L9_9EURY
206
0
23099
TrEMBL
-
A0A644Z7K5_9ZZZZ
330
0
36425
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1 )
A0A5E4LEX6_9ARCH
239
0
26069
TrEMBL
-
A0A645FN88_9ZZZZ
205
0
22781
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2 )
A0A644STA9_9ZZZZ
332
0
36373
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1 )
A0A645BEA1_9ZZZZ
135
0
15605
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2 )
A0A644WKB9_9ZZZZ
317
0
34336
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5 )
A0A6F9ZKJ6_9BACT
347
0
38278
TrEMBL
-
A0A6F9ZGD7_9BACT
347
0
38225
TrEMBL
-
A0A644TWF5_9ZZZZ
348
0
38466
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1 )
A0A7G9Z5X9_9EURY
211
0
23604
TrEMBL
-
A0A645DD86_9ZZZZ
252
0
28050
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1 )
A0A644TW23_9ZZZZ
330
0
36328
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1 )
A0A645EG34_9ZZZZ
190
0
21455
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3 )
A0A644W4P6_9ZZZZ
296
0
31989
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2 )
A0A385ZLF5_9ACTN
490
0
52492
TrEMBL
-
A0A7U9XIV6_9FIRM
259
0
28408
TrEMBL
-
A0A644UBC2_9ZZZZ
333
0
36541
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2 )
A0A7V8V1Y4_9BACT
334
0
36490
TrEMBL
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A0A645AQB1_9ZZZZ
331
0
35943
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1 )
A0A7J0A3V7_9BACE
347
0
38130
TrEMBL
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A0A6I5ZTW5_9THEO
330
0
37027
TrEMBL
-
A0A644U6P1_9ZZZZ
330
0
36337
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1 )
A0A644V8D7_9ZZZZ
348
0
38748
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2 )
A0A644WJ44_9ZZZZ
334
0
36807
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1 )
A0A645H5J9_9ZZZZ
85
0
9845
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3 )
A0A645H5R6_9ZZZZ
239
0
26504
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4 )
A0A645JCS6_9ZZZZ
159
0
17831
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1 )
A0A7T1AKF2_9BACT
330
0
36488
TrEMBL
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A0A6J4YI90_9DELT
351
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38402
TrEMBL
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A0A645GJT2_9ZZZZ
209
0
23458
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4 )
A0A5E7Y3T4_9BACT
347
0
38346
TrEMBL
-
A0A645DWU2_9ZZZZ
205
0
22600
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3 )
A0A0N7J7C5_PHOVU
347
0
38166
TrEMBL
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A0A7U7D1F3_9FLAO
348
0
38659
TrEMBL
-
A0A7I8MLE7_9DELT
349
0
38246
TrEMBL
-
A0A645FD61_9ZZZZ
98
0
11423
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3 )
A0A645HQ70_9ZZZZ
210
0
23486
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2 )
A0A7R9R6X9_9EURY
109
0
11957
TrEMBL
-
A0A644ZQF6_9ZZZZ
336
0
36993
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1 )
A0A645JIQ6_9ZZZZ
132
0
15073
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2 )
A0A644V7T4_9ZZZZ
346
0
37488
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4 )
A0A645E1R6_9ZZZZ
297
0
32294
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2 )
A0A645C9T5_9ZZZZ
84
0
9952
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1 )
A0A6N4X6J2_9FLAO
348
0
38628
TrEMBL
-
A0A7R9N382_9EURY
318
0
35259
TrEMBL
-
A0A645IUE3_9ZZZZ
104
0
11809
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4 )
A0A6J4X0V5_9DELT
351
0
38499
TrEMBL
-
A0A6N4XNQ1_9FLAO
348
0
38556
TrEMBL
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A0A654E2J1_9BACT
348
0
38124
TrEMBL
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A0A645EM77_9ZZZZ
56
0
6559
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2 )
ILVC_ALIAD
Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius subsp. acidocaldarius (strain ATCC 27009 / DSM 446 / BCRC 14685 / JCM 5260 / KCTC 1825 / NBRC 15652 / NCIMB 11725 / NRRL B-14509 / 104-IA)
344
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37909
Swiss-Prot
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ILVC_IGNAA
Ignisphaera aggregans (strain DSM 17230 / JCM 13409 / AQ1.S1)
335
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37346
Swiss-Prot
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ILVC_ARCFU
Archaeoglobus fulgidus (strain ATCC 49558 / VC-16 / DSM 4304 / JCM 9628 / NBRC 100126)
332
0
37212
Swiss-Prot
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in complex with substrate analog L-tartaric acid, to 2.5 A resolution. The enzyme displays a six-member specificity loop, with residues Arg48 and Ser52 forming hydrogen bonds to the NAD(H) phosphate
apo-enzyme, to 1.39 A resolution, and in complex with NADP+. Enzyme accepts both cofactors NADH and NADPH. Insertions near the N-terminus of the specificity loop probably determine cofactor specificity, the laboratory engineering of NADH preference involved specific loop substitution
in complex with NADH, to 1.54 A resolution. The specificity loop differs significantly from any other crystallized ketol-acid reductoisomerases. Glu46, the first residue of the beta2alphaB-loop, lies along the N3 edge of the adenine moiety and forms a bi-dentate interaction with the O2' hydroxy of the ribose. The position of this glutamate is stabilized by a hydrogen bond interaction with Asn55
to 1.54 A resolution. Structure contains 2 Mg2+ ions and NADH. Glu46, the first residue of the beta2alphaB-loop, lies along the N3 edge of the adenine moiety and forms a bi-dentate interaction with the O2 hydroxy of the ribose. The position of this glutamate is stabilized by a hydrogen bond interaction with Asn55
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expression in Escherichia coli
expression in Escherichia coli
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expression in Escherichia coli
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expression in Escherichia coli
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expression in Escherichia coli
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Cahn, J.K.; Brinkmann-Chen, S.; Spatzal, T.; Wiig, J.A.; Buller, A.R.; Einsle, O.; Hu, Y.; Ribbe, M.W.; Arnold, F.H.
Cofactor specificity motifs and the induced fit mechanism in Class I ketol-acid reductoisomerases
Biochem. J.
468
475-484
2015
Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius subsp. acidocaldarius (C8WR67), Ignisphaera aggregans (E0SRA9), uncultured archaeon (Q64BR7), uncultured archaeon GZfos26G2 (Q64BR7), Ignisphaera aggregans DSM 17230 (E0SRA9)
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Brinkmann-Chen, S.; Cahn, J.K.; Arnold, F.H.
Uncovering rare NADH-preferring ketol-acid reductoisomerases
Metab. Eng.
26C
17-22
2014
Thermacetogenium phaeum, uncultured archaeon, Desulfococcus oleovorans, Archaeoglobus fulgidus (O28294)
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