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acetyl-Gly ethyl ester + H2O
acetyl-Gly + ethanol
-
-
-
-
?
azocasein + H2O
fragments of azocasein
-
-
-
?
Azocoll + H2O
Hydrolyzed azocoll
-
-
-
?
Benzoyl-Arg-Arg 4-nitrophenyl ester + H2O
Benzoyl-Arg-Arg + 4-nitrophenol
-
-
-
-
?
Benzoyl-citrulline 4-nitroanilide + H2O
Benzoyl-citrulline + 4-nitroaniline
-
-
-
-
?
Benzoyl-DL-Ala ethyl ester + H2O
Benzoyl-DL-Ala + ethanol
-
-
-
-
?
Benzoyl-DL-Arg 4-nitroanilide + H2O
Benzoyl-DL-Arg + 4-nitroaniline
-
-
-
-
?
Benzoyl-Gly ethyl ester + H2O
Benzoyl-Gly + ethanol
-
-
-
-
?
Benzoyl-L-Arg amide + H2O
Benzoyl-L-Arg + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
Benzoyl-L-Arg ethyl ester + H2O
Benzoyl-L-Arg + ethanol
-
-
-
-
?
Benzoyl-L-Arg methyl ester + H2O
Benzoyl-L-Arg + methanol
-
-
-
-
?
Benzoyl-Phe-Val-Arg 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
benzyl-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
benzyl-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide + H2O
benzyl-Phe-Val-Arg + 4-nitroaniline
-
-
-
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg 4-nitrophenyl ester + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg + 4-nitrophenol
-
-
-
-
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg-4-nitroanilide + H2O
benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg + 4-nitroaniline
preferred substrate of stem bromelain
-
-
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide + H2O
?
-
synthetic substrate
-
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg-p-nitroanilide + H2O
benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg + p-nitroaniline
-
-
-
-
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-citrulline 4-nitroanilide + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-citrulline + 4-nitroaniline
-
-
-
-
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly 4-nitrophenyl ester + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly + 4-nitrophenol
-
-
-
-
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly-citrulline 4-nitroanilide + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly-Phe-citrulline 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly-Phe-citrulline 4-nitroanilide + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly-Phe-Phe-citrulline 4-nitroanilide + H2O
?
-
best substrate
-
-
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly-Pro-citrulline 4-nitroanilide + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Ala 4-nitrophenyl ester + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Ala + 4-nitrophenol
-
-
-
-
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Asn 4-nitrophenyl ester + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Asn + 4-nitrophenol
-
-
-
-
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Lys 4-nitrophenyl ester + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Lys + 4-nitrophenol
-
-
-
-
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Tyr 4-nitrophenyl ester + H2O
benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Tyr + 4-nitrophenol
-
-
-
-
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide + H2O
?
-
synthetic substrate
-
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-citrulline 4-nitroanilide + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Val-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide + H2O
?
-
synthetic substrate
-
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Pro-citrulline 4-nitroanilide + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide + H2O
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg + 4-nitroaniline
-
-
-
-
?
casein + H2O
hydrolyzed casein
-
-
-
-
?
casein + H2O
L-Tyr + ?
-
-
-
-
?
Fibrin + H2O
Hydrolyzed fibrin
-
-
-
?
Gelatin + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Gly ethyl ester + H2O
Gly + ethanol
-
-
-
-
?
Hemoglobin + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Hemoglobin + H2O
Hydrolyzed hemoglobin
hemoglobin + H2O
L-Tyr + ?
-
-
-
-
?
Hide powder + H2O
Hydrolyzed hide powder
-
-
-
?
Isolated soybean protein + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-Phe ethyl ester + H2O
L-Phe + ethanol
-
-
-
-
?
L-Pyroglutamyl-L-Phe-L-Leu 4-nitroanilide + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-Tyr ethyl ester + H2O
L-Tyr + ethanol
-
-
-
-
?
Meuchenia sp. insoluble muscle protein + H2O
hydrolyzed Meuchenia sp. insoluble muscle protein
-
-
-
-
?
N-alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-Lys-p-nitrophenyl ester + H2O
N-alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-Lys + p-nitrophenol
-
-
-
-
?
N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Phe-L-Ser methyl ester + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Nalpha-CBZ-L-lysine 4-nitrophenyl ester + H2O
Nalpha-CBZ-L-lysine + 4-nitrophenol
-
-
-
-
?
P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Pyr-Phe-Lys-4-nitroanilide + H2O
Pyr-Phe-Lys + 4-nitroaniline
-
isozyme SBA/b is about 3fold less active than isozyme SBA/a
-
?
tert-butyloxycarbonyl-Leu-Arg-Arg-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide + H2O
tert-butyloxycarbonyl-Leu-Arg-Arg + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
-
-
-
?
Tosyl-citrulline 4-nitroanilide + H2O
Tosyl-citrulline + 4-nitroaniline
-
-
-
-
?
Tosyl-L-Arg methyl ester + H2O
Tosyl-L-Arg + methanol
-
-
-
-
?
tosyl-L-Lys ethyl ester + H2O
Tosyl-L-Lys + ethanol
-
-
-
-
?
Tosyl-L-Lys methyl ester + H2O
Tosyl-L-Lys + methanol
-
-
-
-
?
Wheat gluten + H2O
Hydrolyzed wheat gluten
-
-
-
-
?
Z-Arg-Arg-4-nitroanilide + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Z-Arg-Arg-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
-
-
-
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
-
-
-
-
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
-
convenient substrate for stem bromelain, scarcely affected by fruit bromelain
-
-
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
-
-
-
?
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide + H2O
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
-
-
-
-
?
casein + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
casein + H2O
?
denatured casein
-
-
?
CD25 + H2O
?
-
bromelain proteolytically cleaved cell-surface CD25 from activated CD4+ T cells, a mechanism of action to exert therapeutic benefits in inflammatory conditions, overview
-
-
?
CD25 + H2O
?
-
soluble CD25is a therapeutic target in inflammation, autoimmunity and allergy
-
-
?
Hemoglobin + H2O
Hydrolyzed hemoglobin
-
-
-
?
Hemoglobin + H2O
Hydrolyzed hemoglobin
-
denatured
-
-
?
protein + H2O
peptides
-
-
-
?
protein + H2O
peptides
-
-
-
?
protein + H2O
peptides
-
-
-
?
protein + H2O
peptides
-
-
-
?
protein + H2O
peptides
-
-
-
?
protein + H2O
peptides
-
-
-
?
protein + H2O
peptides
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
overview: synthetic substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
overview: synthetic substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate conformation of N-acylglycine thioester substrates in the active site by resonance spectroscopy
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme reduces the amount of prostaglandin-E2 and substance P in vivo in inflammatory process in rats, while in vitro it induces an increase in the concentration of these inflammation mediators, thus the enzyme does not directly interact with the compounds, but has an antiinflammatory effect in vivo
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
bromelain from pineapple stem shows therapeutic benefits in a variety of inflammatory diseases, including murine inflammatory bowel disease, mechanism, overview. Bromelain primary long-term effect is abrogation of firm adhesion of leukocytes to blood vessels at the site of inflammation. These changes in adhesion are correlated with rapid re-expression of the bromelain-sensitive CD62L/L-selectin molecules that mediate rolling following in vivo bromelain treatment and minimal re-expression of CD128
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
bromelain possesses anti-inflammatory activity and reduces blood viscosity, prevents the aggregation of blood platelets, and improves ischemia-reperfusion injury, I/R, in a skeletal muscle model in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The enzyme increases phosphorylation of Akt in rat heart both in the cytosolic and the nuclear fraction following I/R
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
CD4+ T cells retain the ability to divide after bromelain treatment
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
effects of orally administered bromelain in an ovalbumin-induced murine model of acute allergic airway disease in female C57BL/6J mice, bromelain causes decreased methacholine sensitivity, reduction in bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophils and interleukin-13 concentrations, as well as of CD19+ B cells and CD8+ T cells, as compared with controls, overview. Bromelain modulates lung lymphocytes during acute asthma
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
phosphorylation and consequent degradation of IkappaBalpha, the inhibitor of the nuclear importing sequences of NF-kappaB, is blocked by bromelain, which also shows anti-inflammatory, anti-invasive and anti-metastatic properties, anti-tumor-initiating effects of bromelain in 2-stage mouse skin tumorigenesis model, overview. Bromelain treatment resulted in upregulation of p53 and Bax and subsequent activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9 with concomitant decrease in Bcl-2, and bromelain inhibits DMBA-induced DNA alkylation damage, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
bromelain proteolytically removes in vitro a number of cell surface molecules that are vital to leukocyte trafficking, including CD128a/CXCR1 and CD128b/CXCR2 that serve as receptors for the human neutrophil chemoattractant IL-8 and its murine homologues. In vivo bromelain treatment generates a 50-85% reduction in human neutrophil migration in 3 different murine models of leukocyte migration into the inflamed peritoneal cavity, and bromelain treatment inhibits IL-8-stimulated migration of human neutrophils in vitro
-
-
?
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210
Benzoyl-Gly ethyl ester
-
-
1.2 - 67
benzoyl-L-Arg amide
57 - 200
benzoyl-L-Arg ethyl ester
32
benzoyl-L-Arg methyl ester
-
-
0.0097
benzoyl-Phe-Val-Arg 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
-
0.249
benzyl-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
tartaric buffer containing 12% ethanol, pH 3.2, 25°C, stem bromelain
0.0154
benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
-
0.0074 - 0.0081
benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
0.0153
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly-Phe-citrulline 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
-
0.0831
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
-
0.0554 - 0.0636
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
0.003 - 0.0039
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Val-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
0.03919 - 0.305
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
0.4 - 2.42
L-Pyroglutamyl-L-Phe-L-Leu 4-nitroanilide
0.53
N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Phe-L-Ser methyl ester
-
-
84
tosyl-L-Lys ethyl ester
-
-
additional information
additional information
-
1.2
benzoyl-L-Arg amide
-
-
3.1
benzoyl-L-Arg amide
-
enzyme form I-1
6
benzoyl-L-Arg amide
-
enzyme form II-2
6.6
benzoyl-L-Arg amide
-
enzyme form II-1
9.5
benzoyl-L-Arg amide
-
enzyme form I-2
67
benzoyl-L-Arg amide
-
acidic enzyme form
57
benzoyl-L-Arg ethyl ester
-
acidic enzyme form
170
benzoyl-L-Arg ethyl ester
-
-
190
benzoyl-L-Arg ethyl ester
-
enzyme form SB1
200
benzoyl-L-Arg ethyl ester
-
enzyme form SB2, benzoyl-Gly ethyl ester, enzyme form SB1 and SB2
0.0074
benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
isozyme SBA/b, pH 6.0, 25°C
0.0081
benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
isozyme SBA/a, pH 6.0, 25°C
0.0554
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
isozyme SBA/a, pH 6.0, 25°C
0.0636
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
isozyme SBA/b, pH 6.0, 25°C
0.003
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Val-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
isozyme SBA/b, pH 6.0, 25°C
0.0039
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Val-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
isozyme SBA/a, pH 6.0, 25°C
0.03919
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
chitosan-immobilized enzyme, at pH 3.2 and 25°C
0.04
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, free SO2 25 mg/l
0.0495
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
chitosan-immobilized enzyme, in the presence of 12% (v/v) ethanol, at pH 3.2 and 25°C
0.052
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, seed 1.2 g/l
0.056
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, free SO2 10 mg/l
0.05731
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
chitosan-immobilized enzyme, in the presence of 18% (v/v) ethanol, at pH 3.2 and 25°C
0.079
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, skin 0.99 g/l
0.0952
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, seed 0.3 g/l
0.118
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, ethanol 0%
0.118
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
free enzyme, at pH 3.2 and 25°C
0.152
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, skin 0.25 g/l
0.22
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, gallic 0.02 g/l
0.2497
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
free enzyme, at pH 3.2 and 25°C
0.25
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, ethanol 12%
0.25
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, without free SO2
0.25
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, without gallic
0.25
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, without skin
0.25
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
free enzyme, in the presence of 12% (v/v) ethanol, at pH 3.2 and 25°C
0.2558
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, ellagic 0.02 g/l
0.27
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, ellagic 0.04 g/l
0.27
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, gallic 0.03 g/l
0.305
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, ethanol 18%
0.305
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
free enzyme, in the presence of 18% (v/v) ethanol, at pH 3.2 and 25°C
0.129
casein
-
native enzyme, at pH 7.0
0.217
casein
-
native enzyme, in the presence of 5 M urea at pH 7.0
0.221
casein
-
native enzyme, in the presence of 2 M guanidine-HCl at pH 7.0
2.83
casein
-
poly(maleic anhydride)-modified enzyme, in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, at 40°C
4.09
casein
-
pyromellitic anhydride-modified enzyme, in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, at 40°C
5.26
casein
-
native enzyme, in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, at 40°C
0.4
L-Pyroglutamyl-L-Phe-L-Leu 4-nitroanilide
-
enzyme form F9
2.3
L-Pyroglutamyl-L-Phe-L-Leu 4-nitroanilide
-
enzyme form F4
2.42
L-Pyroglutamyl-L-Phe-L-Leu 4-nitroanilide
-
enzyme form F5
additional information
additional information
-
pH-dependence of Km
-
additional information
additional information
-
kinetics of hydrolysis and influence of modifiers of hydrolysis of N-benzoyl-L-Ser methyl ester
-
additional information
additional information
-
casein: Km 0.1%
-
additional information
additional information
-
kinetics of reaction of benzofuroxan, a thiol-specific reactivity probe with the enzyme
-
additional information
additional information
-
Km-for casein is 1.1 mg/ml for the native enzyme, 2 mg/ml for the enzyme covalently coupled to the CNBr-activated Sepharose and 0.54 mg/ml for enzyme affinity-bound to a Sepharose matrix precoupled with the lactin concanavalin A
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
0.55
acetyl-Gly ethyl ester
-
-
0.21 - 0.36
Benzoyl-Gly ethyl ester
0.0035 - 0.027
benzoyl-L-Arg amide
0.39 - 0.5
benzoyl-L-Arg ethyl ester
0.11
benzoyl-L-Arg methyl ester
-
-
0.893
benzoyl-Phe-Val-Arg 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
-
20
benzyl-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
tartaric buffer containing 12% ethanol, pH 3.2, 25°C, stem bromelain
27
benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
-
0.024 - 0.04
benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
1.75 - 3.35
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly 4-nitrophenyl ester
0.12
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly-Phe-citrulline 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
-
2.5 - 8.3
benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Ala 4-nitrophenyl ester
1.4 - 1.5
Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Asn 4-nitrophenyl ester
-
-
7.4 - 9.8
benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Lys 4-nitrophenyl ester
0.4 - 0.44
benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Tyr 4-nitrophenyl ester
0.13
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg 4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
-
0.49 - 6.08
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
5.1 - 6.4
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Val-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
0.29 - 21.45
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
0.68 - 3.94
L-Pyroglutamyl-L-Phe-L-Leu 4-nitroanilide
3.4
N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Phe-L-Ser methyl ester
-
-
0.035
Tosyl-L-Lys methyl ester
-
-
0.21
Benzoyl-Gly ethyl ester
-
enzyme form SB1
0.24
Benzoyl-Gly ethyl ester
-
enzyme form SB2
0.36
Benzoyl-Gly ethyl ester
-
-
0.0035
benzoyl-L-Arg amide
-
-
0.0039
benzoyl-L-Arg amide
-
enzyme form I-2
0.0046
benzoyl-L-Arg amide
-
enzyme form I-1
0.018
benzoyl-L-Arg amide
-
enzyme form II-2
0.027
benzoyl-L-Arg amide
-
enzyme form II-1
0.39
benzoyl-L-Arg ethyl ester
-
enzyme form SB2
0.42
benzoyl-L-Arg ethyl ester
-
enzyme form SB1
0.5
benzoyl-L-Arg ethyl ester
-
-
0.024
benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
isozyme SBA/a, pH 6.0, 25°C
0.04
benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
isozyme SBA/b, pH 6.0, 25°C
1.75
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly 4-nitrophenyl ester
-
bromelain A
3.35
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly 4-nitrophenyl ester
-
bromelain A
2.5
benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Ala 4-nitrophenyl ester
-
bromelain A
8.3
benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Ala 4-nitrophenyl ester
-
bromelain B
7.4
benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Lys 4-nitrophenyl ester
-
bromelain A
9.8
benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Lys 4-nitrophenyl ester
-
bromelain B
0.4
benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Tyr 4-nitrophenyl ester
-
bromelain A
0.44
benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Tyr 4-nitrophenyl ester
-
bromelain B
0.49
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
isozyme SBA/a, pH 6.0, 25°C
0.56
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
isozyme SBA/b, pH 6.0, 25°C
6.08
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
isozyme SBA/b, pH 6.0, 25°C
5.1
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Val-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
isozyme SBA/a, pH 6.0, 25°C
6.4
benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Val-Arg-NH-4-methylcoumarin 7-amide
-
isozyme SBA/b, pH 6.0, 25°C
0.29
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
chitosan-immobilized enzyme, in the presence of 12% (v/v) ethanol, at pH 3.2 and 25°C
0.39
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, free SO2 25 mg/l
0.399
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
chitosan-immobilized enzyme, in the presence of 18% (v/v) ethanol, at pH 3.2 and 25°C
0.461
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
chitosan-immobilized enzyme, at pH 3.2 and 25°C
0.96
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, free SO2 10 mg/l
4.32
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, seed 1.2 g/l
6.31
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, skin 0.99 g/l
6.55
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, seed 0.3 g/l
8.44
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, skin 0.25 g/l
16.94
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, gallic 0.03 g/l
18.33
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, ellagic 0.04 g/l
18.35
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, gallic 0.02 g/l
19.23
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, ellagic 0.02 g/l
19.43
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, ethanol 0%
19.44
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
free enzyme, at pH 3.2 and 25°C
20.03
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, ethanol 12%
20.03
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, without free SO2
20.03
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, without gallic
20.03
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, without skin
20.03
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
free enzyme, at pH 3.2 and 25°C
20.03
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
free enzyme, in the presence of 12% (v/v) ethanol, at pH 3.2 and 25°C
21.45
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
pH 3.2, 25°C, ethanol 18%
21.45
Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-4-nitroanilide
-
free enzyme, in the presence of 18% (v/v) ethanol, at pH 3.2 and 25°C
0.41
casein
-
native enzyme, at pH 7.0
0.97
casein
-
native enzyme, in the presence of 5 M urea at pH 7.0
0.99
casein
-
native enzyme, in the presence of 2 M guanidine-HCl at pH 7.0
11.72
casein
-
native enzyme, at pH 7.0
17.33
casein
-
native enzyme, in the presence of 5 M urea at pH 7.0
18.08
casein
-
native enzyme, in the presence of 2 M guanidine-HCl at pH 7.0
0.68
L-Pyroglutamyl-L-Phe-L-Leu 4-nitroanilide
-
enzyme form F5
0.87
L-Pyroglutamyl-L-Phe-L-Leu 4-nitroanilide
-
enzyme form F4
3.94
L-Pyroglutamyl-L-Phe-L-Leu 4-nitroanilide
-
enzyme form F9
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Ananas comosus
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Stem bromelain: amino acid sequence and implications for weak binding of cystatin
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Ananas comosus
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Ananas comosus
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The thermal denaturation of stem bromelain is consistent with an irreversible two-state model
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1995
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Structural studies on stem bromelain isolation, characterization and alignment of the cyanogen bromide fragments
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1976
Ananas comosus
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Characterization of the pineapple stem proteases (bromelains)
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167
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1975
Ananas comosus
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Wharton, C.W.
The structure and mechanism of stem bromelain. Evaluation of the homogeneity of purified stem bromelain, determination of the molecular weight and kinetic analysis of the bromelain-catalysed hydrolysis of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-serine methyl ester
Biochem. J.
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1974
Ananas comosus
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Kinetics of the hydrolysis of N-benzoyl-L-serine methyl ester catalysed by bromelain and by papain. Analysis of modifier mechanisms by lattice nomography, computational methods of parameter evaluation for substrate-activated catalyses and consequences of postulated non-productive binding in bromelain- and papain-catalysed hydrolyses
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1974
Ananas comosus
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Minami, Y.; Doi, E.; Hata, T.
Fractionation, purification, and some properties of proteolytic enzymes from stem bromelain
Agric. Biol. Chem.
35
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1971
Ananas comosus
-
brenda
Murachi, T.; Tsudzuki, T.; Okumura, K.
Photosensitized inactivation of stem bromelain. Oxidation of histidine, methionine, and tryptophan residues
Biochemistry
14
249-255
1975
Ananas comosus
brenda
Takahashi, N.; Yasuda, Y.; Goto, K.; Miyake, T.; Murachi, T.
Multiple molecular forms of stem bromelain. Isolation and characterization of two closely related components, SB1 and SB2
J. Biochem.
74
355-373
1973
Ananas comosus
brenda
Carey, P.R.; Ozaki, Y.; Storer, A.C.
Comparison of the substrate conformations in the active sites of papain, chymopapain, ficin and bromelain by resonance Raman spectroscopy
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
117
725-731
1983
Ananas comosus
brenda
Gray, C.J.; Boukouvalas, J.; Szawelski, R.J.; Wharton, C.W.
Benzyloxycarbonylphenylalanylcitrulline p-nitroanilide as a substrate for papain and other plant cysteine proteinases
Biochem. J.
219
325-328
1984
Ananas comosus
brenda
Shipton, M.; Brocklehurst, K.
Benzofuroxan as a thiol-specific reactivity probe. Kinetics of its reactions with papain, ficin, bromelain and low-molecular-weight thiols
Biochem. J.
167
799-810
1977
Ananas comosus
brenda
Shipton, M.; Stuchbury, T.; Brocklehurst, K.
4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole as a reactivity probe for the investigation of the thiol proteinases. evidence that ficin and bromelain may lack carboxyl groups conformationally equivalent to that of aspartic acid-158 of papain
Biochem. J.
159
235-244
1976
Ananas comosus
brenda
Bobb, D.
Isolation of stem bromelain by affinity chromatography and its partial characterization by gel electrophoresis
Prep. Biochem.
2
347-354
1972
Ananas comosus
brenda
Lenarcic, B.; Ritonja, A.; Turk, B.; Dolenc, I.; Turk, V.
Characterization and structure of pineapple stem inhibitor of cysteine proteinases
Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler
373
459-464
1992
Ananas comosus
brenda
Dickson, S.R.; Bickerstaff, G.F.
Properties of immobilized bromelain
Biochem. Soc. Trans.
20
23S
1992
Ananas comosus
brenda
Harrach, T.; Eckert, K.; Schulze-Forster, K.; Nuck, R.; Grunow, D.; Maurer, H.R.
Isolation and partial characterization of basic proteinases from stem bromelain
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14
41-52
1995
Ananas comosus
brenda
Suh, H.J.; Lee, H.; Cho, H.Y.; Yang, H.C.
Purification and characterization of bromelain isolated from pineapple
Han'guk Nonghwa Hakhoechi
35
300-307
1992
Ananas comosus
-
brenda
Ko, Y.H.; Kang, Y.J.
Isolation and partial characterization of proteolytic enzymes from stems of pineapples cultivated in Cheju Island
Nonmunjip-Cheju Taehakkyo, Chayon Kwahakpyon
31
137-142
1990
Ananas comosus
-
brenda
Goto, K.; Takahashi, N.; Murachi, T.
Structural studies on stem bromelain. Cyanogen bromide cleavage and amino acid sequence of carboxyl-terminal half of the molecule
Int. J. Pept. Protein Res.
15
335-341
1980
Ananas comosus
brenda
Rasheedi, S.; Haq, S.K.; Khan, R.H.
Guanidine hydrochloride denaturation of glycosylated and deglycosylated stem bromelain
Biochemistry
68
1097-1100
2003
Ananas comosus
brenda
Hatano, K.; Sawano, Y.; Tanokura, M.
Structure-function relationship of bromelain isoinhibitors from pineapple stem
Biol. Chem.
383
1151-1156
2002
Ananas comosus
brenda
Haq, S.K.; Rasheedi, S.; Khan, R.H.
Characterization of a partially folded intermediate of stem bromelain at low pH
Eur. J. Biochem.
269
47-52
2002
Ananas comosus
brenda
Hatano, K.; Tanokura, M.; Takahashi, K.
The amino acid sequences of isoforms of the bromelain inhibitor from pineapple stem
J. Biochem.
124
457-461
1998
Ananas comosus
brenda
Khan, R.H.; Rasheedi, S.; Haq, S.K.
Effect of pH, temperature and alcohols on the stability of glycosylated and deglycosylated stem bromelain
J. Biosci.
28
709-714
2003
Ananas comosus
brenda
Harrach, T.; Eckert, K.; Maurer, H.R.; Machleidt, I.; Machleidt, W.; Nuck, R.
Isolation and characterization of two forms of an acidic bromelain stem proteinase
J. Protein Chem.
17
351-361
1998
Ananas comosus
brenda
Gaspani, L.; Limiroli, E.; Ferrario, P.; Bianchi, M.
In vivo and in vitro effects of bromelain on PGE2 and SP concentrations in the inflammatory exudate in rats
Pharmacology
65
83-86
2002
Ananas comosus
brenda
Gupta, P.; Saleemuddin, M.; Khan, R.H.
Hydrophobic interactions are the prevalent force in bromelain:Fab complex
Biochemistry
71
S31-S37
2006
Ananas comosus
-
brenda
Ahmad, B.; Ansari, M.A.; Sen, P.; Khan, R.H.
Low versus high molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol)-induced states of stem bromelain at low pH: stabilization of molten globule and unfolded states
Biopolymers
81
350-359
2006
Ananas comosus
brenda
Gupta, P.; Saleemuddin, M.
Bioaffinity based oriented immobilization of stem bromelain
Biotechnol. Lett.
28
917-922
2006
Ananas comosus
brenda
Rowan, A.D.
Stem bromelain
Handbook of proteolytic enzymes (Barrett, A. J. , Rawlings, N. D. , Woessner, J. F. , eds. ) Academic Press
2
1136-1137
2004
Ananas comosus
-
brenda
Hale, L.P.
Proteolytic activity and immunogenicity of oral bromelain within the gastrointestinal tract of mice
Int. Immunopharmacol.
4
255-264
2004
Ananas comosus
brenda
Haq, S.K.; Rasheedi, S.; Sharma, P.; Ahmad, B.; Khan, R.H.
Influence of salts and alcohols on the conformation of partially folded intermediate of stem bromelain at low pH
Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.
37
361-374
2005
Ananas comosus
brenda
Juhasz, B.; Thirunavukkarasu, M.; Pant, R.; Zhan, L.; Penumathsa, S.V.; Secor, E.R.; Srivastava, S.; Raychaudhuri, U.; Menon, V.P.; Otani, H.; Thrall, R.S.; Maulik, N.
Bromelain induces cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury through Akt/FOXO pathway in rat myocardium
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
294
H1365-H1370
2008
Ananas comosus
brenda
Anwar, T.; Ahmad, B.; Younus, H.
Cross-linked stem bromelain: A more stabilized active preparation
Biocatal. Biotransform.
25
453-458
2007
Ananas comosus
-
brenda
Mahmood, R.; Saleemuddin, M.
Additional stabilization of stem bromelain coupled to a thermosensitive polymer by uniform orientation and using polyclonal antibodies
Biochemistry (Moscow)
72
307-312
2007
Ananas comosus
brenda
Grabovac, V.; Bernkop-Schnuerch, A.
Improvement of the intestinal membrane permeability of low molecular weight heparin by complexation with stem bromelain
Int. J. Pharm.
326
153-159
2006
Ananas comosus
brenda
Ahmad, B.; Khan, R.H.
Studies on the acid unfolded and molten globule states of catalytically active stem bromelain: A comparison with catalytically inactive form
J. Biochem.
140
501-508
2006
Ananas comosus
brenda
Ahmad, B.; Shamim, T.A.; Haq, S.K.; Khan, R.H.
Identification and characterization of functional intermediates of stem bromelain during urea and guanidine hydrochloride unfolding
J. Biochem.
141
251-259
2007
Ananas comosus
brenda
Gupta, P.; Maqbool, T.; Saleemuddin, M.
Oriented immobilization of stem bromelain via the lone histidine on a metal affinity support
J. Mol. Catal. B
45
78-83
2007
Ananas comosus
-
brenda
Baez, R.; Lopes, M.T.; Salas, C.E.; Hernandez, M.
In vivo antitumoral activity of stem pineapple (Ananas comosus) bromelain
Planta Med.
73
1377-1383
2007
Ananas comosus
brenda
Habib, S.; Khan, M.A.; Younus, H.
Thermal destabilization of stem bromelain by trehalose
Protein J.
26
117-124
2007
Ananas comosus
brenda
Khatoon, H.; Younus, H.; Saleemuddin, M.
Stem bromelain: an enzyme that naturally facilitates oriented immobilization
Protein Pept. Lett.
14
233-236
2007
Ananas comosus (P14518)
brenda
Kalra, N.; Bhui, K.; Roy, P.; Srivastava, S.; George, J.; Prasad, S.; Shukla, Y.
Regulation of p53, nuclear factor kappaB and cyclooxygenase-2 expression by bromelain through targeting mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in mouse skin
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
226
30-37
2008
Ananas comosus
brenda
Bhattacharya, R.; Bhattacharyya, D.
Resistance of bromelain to SDS binding
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1794
698-708
2009
Ananas comosus
brenda
Bhui, K.; Prasad, S.; George, J.; Shukla, Y.
Bromelain inhibits COX-2 expression by blocking the activation of MAPK regulated NF-kappa B against skin tumor-initiation triggering mitochondrial death pathway
Cancer Lett.
282
167-176
2009
Ananas comosus
brenda
Fitzhugh, D.J.; Shan, S.; Dewhirst, M.W.; Hale, L.P.
Bromelain treatment decreases neutrophil migration to sites of inflammation
Clin. Immunol.
128
66-74
2008
Ananas comosus
brenda
Secor, E.R.; Carson, W.F.; Singh, A.; Pensa, M.; Guernsey, L.A.; Schramm, C.M.; Thrall, R.S.
Oral bromelain attenuates inflammation in an ovalbumin-induced murine model of asthma
Evid. Based. Complement Alternat. Med.
5
61-69
2008
Ananas comosus
brenda
Secor, E.R.; Singh, A.; Guernsey, L.A.; McNamara, J.T.; Zhan, L.; Maulik, N.; Thrall, R.S.
Bromelain treatment reduces CD25 expression on activated CD4+ T cells in vitro
Int. Immunopharmacol.
9
340-346
2009
Ananas comosus
brenda
Dave, S.; Mahajan, S.; Chandra, V.; Dkhar, H.K.; Sambhavi, H.K.; Gupta, P.
Specific molten globule conformation of stem bromelain at alkaline pH
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
499
26-31
2010
Ananas comosus
brenda
Ahmad, B.; Rathar, G.M.; Varshney, A.; Khan, R.H.
pH-Dependent urea-induced unfolding of stem bromelain: Unusual stability against urea at neutral pH
Biochemistry
74
1337-1343
2009
Ananas comosus
brenda
Chobotova, K.; Vernallis, A.B.; Majid, F.A.
Bromelain's activity and potential as an anti-cancer agent: Current evidence and perspectives
Cancer Lett.
290
148-156
2010
Ananas comosus
brenda
Salampessy, J.; Phillips, M.; Seneweera, S.; Kailasapathy, K.
Release of antimicrobial peptides through bromelain hydrolysis of leatherjacket (Meuchenia sp.) insoluble proteins
Food Chem.
120
556-560
2010
Ananas comosus
brenda
Dave, S.; Dkhar, H.K.; Singh, M.P.; Gupta, G.; Chandra, V.; Mahajan, S.; Gupta, P.
Hexafluoroisopropanol-induced helix-sheet transition of stem bromelain: correlation to function
Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.
42
938-947
2010
Ananas comosus
brenda
Xue, Y.; Wu, C.; Branford-White, C.; Ning, X.; Nie, H.; Zhu, L.
Chemical modification of stem bromelain with anhydride groups to enhance its stability and catalytic activity
J. Mol. Catal. B
63
188-193
2010
Ananas comosus
-
brenda
Ferreira, J.; Bresolin, L.; Silveira, E.; Tambourgi, E.
Purification of bromelain from ananas comosus by PEG/phosphate ATPS
Chem. Eng. Transact.
24
931-936
2011
Ananas comosus
-
brenda
Dave, S.; Mahajan, S.; Chandra, V.; Gupta, P.
Trifluoroethanol stabilizes the molten globule state and induces non-amyloidic turbidity in stem bromelain near its isoelectric point
Int. J. Biol. Macromol.
49
536-542
2011
Ananas comosus
brenda
Esti, M.; Benucci, I.; Liburdi, K.; Garzillo, A.M.
Effect of wine inhibitors on free pineapple stem bromelain activity in a model wine system
J. Agric. Food Chem.
59
3391-3397
2011
Ananas comosus
brenda
Amid, A.; Ismail, N.; Yusof, F.; Salleh, H.
Expression, purification, and characterization of a recombinant stem bromelain from Ananas comosus
Process Biochem.
46
2232-2239
2011
Ananas comosus
-
brenda
Ilaria, B.; Marco, E.; Katia, L.; Maria Vittoria, G.A.
Pineapple stem bromelain immobilized on different supports: catalytic properties in model wine
Biotechnol. Prog.
28
1472-1477
2012
Ananas comosus
brenda
Pavan, R.; Jain, S.; Shraddha, S.; Kumar, A.
Properties and therapeutic application of bromelain: a review
Biotechnol. Res. Int.
2012
976203
2012
Ananas comosus
brenda
Esti, M.; Benucci, I.; Liburdi, K.; Garzillo, A.
Immobilized pineapple stem bromelain activity in a wine-like medium: Effect of inhibitors
Food Bioprod. Process.
93
84-89
2015
Ananas comosus
-
brenda
Rani, A.; Venkatesu, P.
Insights into the interactions between enzyme and co-solvents: stability and activity of stem bromelain
Int. J. Biol. Macromol.
73
189-201
2015
Ananas comosus
brenda
Lopez-Garcia, B.; Hernandez, M.; Segundo, B.S.
Bromelain, a cysteine protease from pineapple (Ananas comosus) stem, is an inhibitor of fungal plant pathogens
Lett. Appl. Microbiol.
55
62-67
2012
Ananas comosus
brenda
George, S.; Bhasker, S.; Madhav, H.; Nair, A.; Chinnamma, M.
Functional characterization of recombinant bromelain of Ananas comosus expressed in a prokaryotic system
Mol. Biotechnol.
56
166-174
2014
Ananas comosus
brenda
Banks, J.M.; Herman, C.T.; Bailey, R.C.
Bromelain decreases neutrophil interactions with P-selectin, but not E-selectin, in vitro by proteolytic cleavage of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1
PLoS ONE
8
e78988
2013
Ananas comosus
brenda
Esti, M.; Benucci, I.; Lombardelli, C.; Liburdi, K.; Garzillo, A.
Papain from papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit and latex: Preliminary characterization in alcoholic-acidic buffer for wine application
Food Bioprod. Process.
91
595-598
2013
Ananas comosus
brenda
Al-Otaibi, W.R.; Virk, P.; Elobeid, M.
Ameliorative potential of stem bromelain on lead-induced toxicity in Wistar rats
Acta Biol. Hung.
66
149-160
2015
Ananas comosus
brenda
Misran, E.; Idris, A.; Mat Sarip, S.; Yaakob, H.
Properties of bromelain extract from different parts of the pineapple variety Morris
Biocatal. Agricult. Biotechnol.
18
101095
2019
Ananas comosus
-
brenda
Manosroi, W.; Chankhampan, C.; Manosroi, J.; Manosroi, A.
In vitro anti-cancer activity comparison of the freeze-dried and spray-dried bromelain from pineapple stems
Chiang Mai J. Sci.
44
1407-1418
2017
Ananas comosus (P14518)
-
brenda
Ramli, A.N.M.; Manas, N.H.A.; Hamid, A.A.A.; Hamid, H.A.; Illias, R.M.
Comparative structural analysis of fruit and stem bromelain from Ananas comosus
Food Chem.
266
183-191
2018
Ananas comosus (P14518), Ananas comosus
brenda
Tap, F.; Majid, F.; Khairudin, N.
Structure prediction of stem bromelain from pineapples (Ananas comosus) using procaricain enzyme as a modelling template
Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res.
11
6109-6111
2016
Ananas comosus (F1KD58)
-
brenda
Bhakuni, K.; Venkatesu, P.
Does macromolecular crowding compatible with enzyme stem bromelain structure and stability?
Int. J. Biol. Macromol.
131
527-535
2019
Ananas comosus (P14518)
brenda
Sao Paulo Barretto Miranda, I.K.; Fontes Suzart Miranda, A.; Souza, F.V.; Vannier-Santos, M.A.; Pirovani, C.P.; Pepe, I.M.; Rodowanski, I.J.; Ferreira, K.T.; Mendes Souza Vaz, L.; de Assis, S.A.
The biochemical characterization, stabilization studies and the antiproliferative effect of bromelain against B16F10 murine melanoma cells
Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr.
68
442-454
2017
Ananas comosus (P14518), Ananas comosus, Ananas comosus AGB 772 (P14518)
brenda
Ghensi, P.; Cucchi, A.; Bonaccorso, A.; Ferroni, L.; Gardin, C.; Mortellaro, C.; Zavan, B.
In vitro effect of bromelain on the regenerative properties of mesenchymal stem cells
J. Craniofac. Surg.
30
1064-1067
2019
Ananas comosus (O24641), Ananas comosus
brenda
Kumar, P.; Jha, I.; Venkatesu, P.; Bahadur, I.; Ebenso, E.
A comparative study of the stability of stem bromelain based on the variation of anions of imidazolium-based ionic liquids
J. Mol. Liq.
246
178-186
2017
Ananas comosus (P14518)
-
brenda