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Information on EC 3.2.1.23 - beta-galactosidase and Organism(s) Lactobacillus acidophilus and UniProt Accession O07684
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EC Tree
3.2.1.23 beta-galactosidaseIUBMB Comments
Some enzymes in this group hydrolyse alpha-L-arabinosides; some animal enzymes also hydrolyse beta-D-fucosides and beta-D-glucosides; cf. EC 3.2.1.108 lactase.
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Word Map
- 3.2.1.23
- lacz
- adenovirus
- lysosomal
- lactose
- endothelial
- oligosaccharide
- artery
- phage
-
adenovirus-mediated
- beta-glucosidase
-
immunoassay
-
retroviral
- beta-glucuronidase
-
herpes
- lambda
- simplex
- luciferase
- cytomegalovirus
- neuraminidase
- viruses
- hydrolases
- bacteriophage
- glycosidases
- gm1
- liposome
- ganglioside
- p16ink4a
- alpha-galactosidase
- alpha-mannosidase
-
osteogenic
- vaccinia
-
adeno-associated
-
replication-defective
- n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase
- runx2
- sialidase
- alpha-glucosidase
-
sialic
-
galactosylation
-
plaque-forming
-
osteoblast
- kluyveromyces
- telomerase
- analysis
- degradation
- diagnostics
-
lysogens
- beta-hexosaminidase
- keratan
-
vector-mediated
- biotechnology
- molecular biology
- synthesis
- environmental protection
- ganciclovir
- nutrition
-
transglycosylation
- medicine
- industry
-
nonviral
- food industry
- biofuel production
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Lactobacillus acidophilus
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
beta-galactosidase, beta-gal, beta-d-galactosidase, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase, endo-beta-galactosidase, bglap, sa-beta-gal, acid beta-galactosidase, beta galactosidase, betagal, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
Acid beta-galactosidase
-
-
-
-
beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase
beta-D-glactanase
-
-
-
-
beta-D-lactosidase
-
-
-
-
beta-galase
-
-
-
-
beta-lactosidase
-
-
-
-
driselase
-
-
-
-
Exo-(1-->4)-beta-D-galactanase
-
-
-
-
exo-beta-(1->3)-D-galactanase
-
-
-
-
galactosidase, beta
-
-
-
-
Hydrolact
-
-
-
-
lactase
lactosylceramidase II
-
-
-
-
Lactozym
-
-
-
-
Maxilact
-
-
-
-
Oryzatym
-
-
-
-
p-nitrophenyl beta-galactosidase
-
-
-
-
S 2107
-
-
-
-
SR12 protein
-
-
-
-
Sumiklat
-
-
-
-
Trilactase
-
-
-
-
beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase
-
-
-
-
lactase
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hydrolysis of O-glycosyl bond
-
-
-
-
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
KEGG
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase
Some enzymes in this group hydrolyse alpha-L-arabinosides; some animal enzymes also hydrolyse beta-D-fucosides and beta-D-glucosides; cf. EC 3.2.1.108 lactase.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9031-11-2
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-galactose
-
-
-
-
?
2-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O
2-nitrophenol + beta-D-galactose
-
-
-
-
?
2-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O
2-nitrophenol + beta-D-galactose
-
-
-
?
lactose + H2O
D-glucose + D-galactose
-
the enzyme is involved in lactose fermentation in the colon playing a central role in lactose intolerance in humans
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme performs the synthesis of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose with the maximum yield of 38.5% of total sugars at about 75% lactose conversion, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme performs the synthesis of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose with the maximum yield of 38.5% of total sugars at about 75% lactose conversion, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme performs the synthesis of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose with the maximum yield of 38.5% of total sugars at about 75% lactose conversion, overview
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
lactose + H2O
D-glucose + D-galactose
-
the enzyme is involved in lactose fermentation in the colon playing a central role in lactose intolerance in humans
-
-
?
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
2-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside
substrate inhibition at high concentrations; substrate inhibition at high concentrations
Ca2+
45% inhibition at 10 mM; 45% inhibition at 10 mM
Cu2+
complete inhibition at 10 mM; complete inhibition at 10 mM
Mn2+
complete inhibition at 10 mM; complete inhibition at 10 mM
Zn2+
complete inhibition at 10 mM; complete inhibition at 10 mM
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.73
2-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside
pH 6.5, 30°C
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
37.1
2-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside
pH 6.5, 30°C
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
-
detection of enzyme activity and concentration of isoflavone aglycones during fermentation of soymilk, overview
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
55
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
large subunit, gene lacL; genes lacL and lacM encoding the two subunits of the enzyme
SwissProt
small subunit, gene lacM; genes lacL and lacM encoding the two subunits of the enzyme
SwissProt
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
4°C, purified enzyme, completely stable for 30 days, 90% remaining activity after 45 days,
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
native enzyme 28fold to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, and hydrophobic interaction and 4-aminobenzyl thiogalactoside affinity chromatography
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
gene lacL encoding the large subunits of the enzyme, DNA and amino acid sequence determinatin and anaylsis
gene lacM encoding the small subunits of the enzyme, DNA and amino acid sequence determinatin and anaylsis
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
nutrition
-
the enzyme is important in hydrolysis of the predominant isoflavone glycosides into isoflavone aglycones in order to improve biological activity of soymilk, overview
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Nguyen, T.H.; Splechtna, B.; Krasteva, S.; Kneifel, W.; Kulbe, K.D.; Divne, C.; Haltrich, D.
Characterization and molecular cloning of a heterodimeric beta-galactosidase from the probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus R22
FEMS Microbiol. Lett.
269
136-144
2007
Lactobacillus acidophilus (A0SWS3), Lactobacillus acidophilus (A0SWS4), Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus R22 (A0SWS3), Lactobacillus acidophilus R22 (A0SWS4), Lactobacillus acidophilus R22
Otieno, D.O.; Shah, N.P.
Endogenous beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase activities from selected probiotic micro-organisms and their role in isoflavone biotransformation in soymilk
J. Appl. Microbiol.
103
910-917
2007
Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lacticaseibacillus casei, Lacticaseibacillus casei 2607
Honda, H.; Kataoka, F.; Nagaoka, S.; Kawai, Y.; Kitazawa, H.; Itoh, H.; Kimura, K.; Taketomo, N.; Yamazaki, Y.; Tateno, Y.; Saito, T.
beta-Galactosidase, phospho-beta-galactosidase and phospho-beta-glucosidase activities in Lactobacilli strains isolated from human faeces
Lett. Appl. Microbiol.
45
461-466
2007
Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus casei, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Ligilactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Limosilactobacillus mucosae, no activity in Lactobacillus gasseri, Limosilactobacillus oris, Limosilactobacillus vaginalis, Limosilactobacillus vaginalis MEP181R91, Limosilactobacillus reuteri MEP181R88
Park, A.R.; Oh, D.K.
Galacto-oligosaccharide production using microbial beta-galactosidase: current state and perspectives
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
85
1279-1286
2010
Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius, Aspergillus aculeatus, Aspergillus oryzae, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Niallia circulans, Priestia megaterium, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Papiliotrema laurentii, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pantoea agglomerans, Kluyveromyces lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula, Hamamotoa singularis, Sterigmatomyces elviae, Saccharolobus solfataricus, Thermotoga maritima, Thermus aquaticus, Thermus sp., Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus
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