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Information on EC 3.2.1.1 - alpha-amylase

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EC Tree
IUBMB Comments
Acts on starch, glycogen and related polysaccharides and oligosaccharides in a random manner; reducing groups are liberated in the alpha-configuration. The term "alpha" relates to the initial anomeric configuration of the free sugar group released and not to the configuration of the linkage hydrolysed.
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UNIPROT: O33476
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Word Map
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
alpha-amylase, diastase, alpha amylase, pancreatic alpha-amylase, crustacean cardioactive peptide, maltogenic amylase, taka-amylase a, human salivary alpha-amylase, bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase, alpha-amylase 2, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase
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Alpha-amylase carcinoid
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Amy c6
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AMY1
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Amylase THC 250
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amylase, alpha-
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Amylopsin
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Bactosol TK
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Buclamase
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Clarase
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Clone 103
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Clone 168
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Clone PHV19
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Clones GRAMY56 and 963
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diastase
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endoamylase
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Fortizyme
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G 995
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glycogenase
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High pI alpha-amylase
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Isozyme 1B
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Kleistase L 1
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Low pI alpha-amylase
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Maxamyl
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Maxilase
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Meiotic expression upregulated protein 30
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Pancreatic alpha-amylase
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Pivozin
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Ptyalin
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Spitase CP 1
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TAA
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Taka-amylase A
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Takatherm
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Thermamyl
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Thermolase
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase
Acts on starch, glycogen and related polysaccharides and oligosaccharides in a random manner; reducing groups are liberated in the alpha-configuration. The term "alpha" relates to the initial anomeric configuration of the free sugar group released and not to the configuration of the linkage hydrolysed.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9000-90-2
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
amylopectin + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
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?
amylose + H2O
?
show the reaction diagram
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?
glycogen + H2O
maltose + maltotriose
show the reaction diagram
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major products
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?
starch + H2O
maltose + maltotriose
show the reaction diagram
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major products
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?
additional information
?
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very weakly hydrolyzes pullulan to form panose or isopanose
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?
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
alpha-cyclodextrin
0.2%, 10% inhibition
beta-cyclodextrin
0.2%, 19% inhibition
CoCl2
1 mM, 52% inhibition
CuCl2
1 mM, complete inhibition
gamma-cyclodextrin
0.2%, 18% inhibition
glucosyl-alpha-cyclodextrin
0.2%, 19% inhibition
MnCl2
1 mM, 55% inhibition
SDS
1.0% 63% inhibition
ZnCl2
1 mM, complete inhibition
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
4180
amylopectin
pH 6.5, 90°C
2280
amylose
pH 6.5, 90°C
2300
glycogen
pH 6.5, 90°C
4680
starch
pH 6.5, 90°C
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
4.5 - 8
pH 4.5: about 40% of maximal activity, pH 8.0: about 40% of maximal activity
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
60 - 100
60°C: about 60% of maximal activity, 100°C: about 80% of maximal activity
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
O33476_9EURY
Pyrococcus sp
461
0
52214
TrEMBL
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
42000
x * 42000, SDS-PAGE
49456
x * 49456, calculated from sequence
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
100
60 min, in presence of 2 mM Ca2+, about 60% loss of activity
90
60 min, about 10% loss of activity, thermostability is enhanced in the presence of 2 mM Ca2+
GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
no loss of activity after dialysis of the purified enzyme overnight at 4°C against 100 mM MES buffer (pH 6.5) containing 1 mM EDTA
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expression in Escherichia coli, T7 RNA polymerase expression system
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Tachibana, Y.; Mendez Leclerre, M.; Fujiwara, S.; Takagi, M.; Imanaka, T.
Cloning and expression of the alpha-amylase gene from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus sp. KOD 1, and characterization of the enzyme
J. Ferment. Bioeng.
82
224-232
1996
Pyrococcus sp. (O33476), Pyrococcus sp. KOD1 (O33476)
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Manually annotated by BRENDA team