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Literature summary extracted from

  • Lee, J.; Cha, S.; Kang, C.; Lee, G.; Lim, H.; Jung, G.
    Efficient conversion of acetate to 3-hydroxypropionic acid by engineered Escherichia coli (2018), Catalysts, 8, 525 .
No PubMed abstract available

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.1.1.298 gene mcr, recombinant expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3), coexpression of acetyl-CoA synthetase Chloroflexus aurantiacus
1.2.1.75 gene mcr, recombinant expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3), coexpression of acetyl-CoA synthetase Chloroflexus aurantiacus

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
1.1.1.298 additional information for the efficient conversion of acetate to 3-hydroxypropionate(3-HP), heterologous mcr (encoding malonyl-CoA reductase) mutant N940V/K1106W/S1114R from Chloroflexus aurantiacus is initially introduced into Escherichia coli. Then, the acetate assimilating pathway and glyoxylate shunt pathway are activated by overexpressing acs (encoding acetyl-CoA synthetase) and deleting iclR (encoding the glyoxylate shunt pathway repressor). Because a key precursor malonyl-CoA is also consumed for fatty acid synthesis, carbon flux to fatty acid synthesis is inhibited by adding cerulenin, which dramatically improves 3-HP production. Method evaluation and optimization, overview Chloroflexus aurantiacus
1.1.1.298 N940V/K1106W/S1114R site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased enzyme activity compared to wild-type enzyme Chloroflexus aurantiacus
1.2.1.75 additional information for the efficient conversion of acetate to 3-hydroxypropionate(3-HP), heterologous mcr (encoding malonyl-CoA reductase) mutant N940V/K1106W/S1114R from Chloroflexus aurantiacus is initially introduced into Escherichia coli. Then, the acetate assimilating pathway and glyoxylate shunt pathway are activated by overexpressing acs (encoding acetyl-CoA synthetase) and deleting iclR (encoding the glyoxylate shunt pathway repressor). Because a key precursor malonyl-CoA is also consumed for fatty acid synthesis, carbon flux to fatty acid synthesis is inhibited by adding cerulenin, which dramatically improves 3-HP production. Method evaluation and optimization, overview Chloroflexus aurantiacus
1.2.1.75 N940V/K1106W/S1114R site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased enzyme activity compared to wild-type enzyme Chloroflexus aurantiacus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.298 malonate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+ Chloroflexus aurantiacus
-
 3-hydroxypropanoate + NADP+
-
 ?
1.2.1.75 malonyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ Chloroflexus aurantiacus
-
 malonate semialdehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.1.1.298 Chloroflexus aurantiacus Q6QQP7 bifunctional enzyme
-
1.2.1.75 Chloroflexus aurantiacus Q6QQP7 bifunctional enzyme
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.298 malonate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
-
 Chloroflexus aurantiacus 3-hydroxypropanoate + NADP+
-
 ?
1.2.1.75 malonyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
-
 Chloroflexus aurantiacus malonate semialdehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.1.1.298 MCR
-
 Chloroflexus aurantiacus
1.1.1.298 More see also EC 1.2.1.75 Chloroflexus aurantiacus
1.2.1.75 MCR
-
 Chloroflexus aurantiacus
1.2.1.75 More see also EC 1.1.1.298 Chloroflexus aurantiacus

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.298 NADPH
-
 Chloroflexus aurantiacus
1.2.1.75 NADPH
-
 Chloroflexus aurantiacus

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
1.1.1.298 metabolism the bifunctional enzyme from Chloroflexus aurantiacus synthesizes 3-hydroxypropionate (3-HP) from acetate via malonyl-CoA in the malonyl-CoA reductase pathway, enzyme MCR shows malonyl-CoA reductase activity and converts malonyl-CoA to malonate semialdehyde and CoA using NADPH, cf. EC 1.2.1.75. The malonate semialdehyde is then reduced to 3-hydroxypropionic acid, overview Chloroflexus aurantiacus
1.2.1.75 metabolism the bifunctional enzyme from Chloroflexus aurantiacus synthesizes 3-hydroxypropionate (3-HP) from acetate via malonyl-CoA in the malonyl-CoA reductase pathway, enzyme MCR shows malonyl-CoA reductase activity, EC 1.1.1.298, and converts malonyl-CoA to malonate semialdehyde and CoA using NADPH. The malonate semialdehyde is then reduced to 3-hydroxypropionic acid, overview Chloroflexus aurantiacus