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Literature summary extracted from

  • Wang, J.; Ba, G.; Han, Y.Q.; Ming, S.L.; Wang, M.D.; Fu, P.F.; Zhao, Q.Q.; Zhang, S.; Wu, Y.N.; Yang, G.Y.; Chu, B.B.
    Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is essential for cytosolic double-stranded DNA and fowl adenovirus serotype 4 triggered innate immune responses in chickens (2020), Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 146, 497-507 .
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
2.7.7.86 gene MB21D1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons, phylogenetic analysis, quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Recombinant expression of FLAG-tagged cGAS in CEF cells Gallus gallus

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
2.7.7.86 cytosol
-
 Gallus gallus 5829
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2.7.7.86 additional information co-localization of chcGAS with the mitochondria (TOM20), lysosomes (LAMP1), Golgi apparatus (GM130) and endoplasmic reticulum (calnexin) is assessed with immunofluorescence in FLAG-tagged cGAS transfected CEF cells Gallus gallus
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Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
2.7.7.86 Mg2+ required Gallus gallus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.7.7.86 ATP + GTP Gallus gallus overall reaction 2 diphosphate + cyclic Gp(2'-5')Ap(3'-5')
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.7.7.86 Gallus gallus F1NVJ8
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-

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
2.7.7.86 bone marrow highest enzyme expression level Gallus gallus
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2.7.7.86 bursa of Fabricius high enzyme expression level Gallus gallus
-
2.7.7.86 cecum high enzyme expression level Gallus gallus
-
2.7.7.86 crop low enzyme expression level Gallus gallus
-
2.7.7.86 duodenum high enzyme expression level Gallus gallus
-
2.7.7.86 esophagus high enzyme expression level Gallus gallus
-
2.7.7.86 gizzard high enzyme expression level Gallus gallus
-
2.7.7.86 glandular stomach high enzyme expression level Gallus gallus
-
2.7.7.86 heart low enzyme expression level Gallus gallus
-
2.7.7.86 ileum high enzyme expression level Gallus gallus
-
2.7.7.86 jejunum high enzyme expression level Gallus gallus
-
2.7.7.86 kidney low enzyme expression level Gallus gallus
-
2.7.7.86 liver low enzyme expression level Gallus gallus
-
2.7.7.86 lung high enzyme expression level Gallus gallus
-
2.7.7.86 rectum high enzyme expression level Gallus gallus
-
2.7.7.86 skeletal muscle lowest enzyme expression level Gallus gallus
-
2.7.7.86 skin high enzyme expression level Gallus gallus
-
2.7.7.86 spinal cord low enzyme expression level Gallus gallus
-
2.7.7.86 spleen high enzyme expression level Gallus gallus
-
2.7.7.86 testis high enzyme expression level Gallus gallus
-
2.7.7.86 thymus high enzyme expression level Gallus gallus
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Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.7.7.86 ATP + GTP overall reaction Gallus gallus 2 diphosphate + cyclic Gp(2'-5')Ap(3'-5')
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
2.7.7.86 cGAMP synthase
-
 Gallus gallus
2.7.7.86 cGAS
-
 Gallus gallus
2.7.7.86 chcGAS
-
 Gallus gallus
2.7.7.86 Mab-21 domain-containing protein UniProt Gallus gallus
2.7.7.86 MB21D1
-
 Gallus gallus

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
2.7.7.86 evolution beta2 and beta6 of cGAS harbor the signature catalytic site residues (E200, D202 and D296) of the NTase superfamily coordinating catalytic Mg2+ ions and nucleotides Gallus gallus
2.7.7.86 malfunction overexpression of chcGAS induces Ifn-beta and Il-1beta expression. ChcGAS-induced IFN-beta and IL-1beta expression is dependent on the STING signaling pathway. Ablation of chcGAS abrogates dsDNA-stimulated IFN-beta and IL-1beta expression. Knockdown of cGAS promotes FAdV-4 infection Gallus gallus
2.7.7.86 metabolism STING undergoes large conformational changes by binding to 2',3'-cGAMP and then recruits TANK binding kinase (TBK1), thus resulting in the phosphorylation of IFN-regulated factor 3 (IRF3) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and promoting the expression of IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines. chcGAS might be involved in sensing a DNA virus, FAdV-4, in LMH cells Gallus gallus
2.7.7.86 additional information structure comparison of chicken enzyme with human enzyme, overview Gallus gallus
2.7.7.86 physiological function cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) is a predominant DNA sensor inducing the activation of the innate immune responses that produce proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is essential for cytosolic double-stranded DNA and fowl adenovirus serotype 4 triggered innate immune responses in chickens. Chicken cGAS (chcGAS) participates in avian innate immunity. chcGAS is an important cytosolic DNA sensor activating innate immune responses. After binding dsDNA in the cytosol, cGAS converts adenosine 5'-triphosphate and guanosine 5'-triphosphate to 2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (2',3'-cGAMP), which serves as a second messenger for stimulator of interferon genes (STING) Gallus gallus