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Literature summary extracted from

  • Hossain, A.S.; Teparic, R.; Mrsa, V.
    Comparison of two models of surface display of xylose reductase in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall (2019), Enzyme Microb. Technol., 123, 8-14 .
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.1.1.431 recombinant expression of the enzyme, constructs prepared for: (a) binding of xylose reductase to cell wall glucan through the fusion with the Pir4 cell wall protein (Pir-XR) expressed under regulation by the GAL1 promoter, (b) binding of xylose reductase to cell wall glucan through the Ccw12 GPI domain (XR-GPI) expressed under regulation by the GAL1 promoter, (c) secretion of xylose reductase into the medium (XR) expressed under regulation by the GAL1 promoter, (d) binding of xylose reductase to cell wall glucan through the Ccw12 GPI domain (XR-GPI) expressed under regulation by the PHO5 promoter. Relative activity of XR-GPI under PHO5 promoter at different concentrations of phosphate in growth media, overview Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
1.1.1.431 additional information the enzyme is labelled by the insertion of the hemagglutinin (HA) tag between the end of the secretion signal sequence and the original XR. The obtained proteinis designated as XR-GPI. The second construct is obtained by fusing Pir4/Ccw5 protein to the N-terminus of XR and the addition of the HA tag to the C-terminus of the construct. This protein is named Pir-XR Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.431 2-mercaptoethanol
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 additional information wild-type and engineered enzymes are resistant to the addition of EDTA and are not much impaired by non-ionic detergents like Tweens or Triton X-100, but they are sensitive to SDS, PMSF and 2-mercaptoethanol Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 PMSF
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 SDS
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 Triton X-100 slight inhibition Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 Tween 20 slight to moderate inhibition Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 Tween 80 slight to moderate inhibition Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.431 D-fructose + NADPH + H+ Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
 sorbitol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 D-fructose + NADPH + H+ Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508
-
 sorbitol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 D-galactose + NADPH + H+ Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
 galactitol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 D-galactose + NADPH + H+ Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508
-
 galactitol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 D-glucose + NADPH + H+ Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
 glucitol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 D-glucose + NADPH + H+ Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508
-
 glucitol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 D-xylose + NADPH + H+ Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
 xylitol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 D-xylose + NADPH + H+ Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508
-
 xylitol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 L-arabinose + NADPH + H+ Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
 arabitol + NADP+
-
 r

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.1.1.431 Saccharomyces cerevisiae P38715
-
-
1.1.1.431 Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 P38715
-
-

Storage Stability

EC Number Storage Stability Organism
1.1.1.431 -20°C, purified recombinant wild-type enzyme has a half-life of 36 h, engineered enzyme Pir-XR of 84 h, and engineered enzyme XR-GPI of 72 h Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.431 D-fructose + NADPH + H+
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae sorbitol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 D-fructose + NADPH + H+
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 sorbitol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 D-galactose + NADPH + H+
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae galactitol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 D-galactose + NADPH + H+
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 galactitol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 D-glucose + NADPH + H+
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae glucitol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 D-glucose + NADPH + H+
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 glucitol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 D-xylose + NADPH + H+
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae xylitol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 D-xylose + NADPH + H+
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 xylitol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 L-arabinose + NADPH + H+
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae arabitol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 additional information Gre3 is generally described as aldose reductase, the enzyme is not particularly specific for xylose but has significant activity with other sugars, as well Saccharomyces cerevisiae ?
-
-
1.1.1.431 additional information Gre3 is generally described as aldose reductase, the enzyme is not particularly specific for xylose but has significant activity with other sugars, as well Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 ?
-
-

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.1.1.431 GRE3
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 More see also EC 1.1.1.21 Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 xylose reductase
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.1.1.431 55
-
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Temperature Range [°C]

EC Number Temperature Minimum [°C] Temperature Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.1.1.431 30 70 50% of maximal activity at 30°C and 70°C Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Temperature Stability [°C]

EC Number Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.1.1.431 30
-
 purified recombinant wild-type enzyme has a half-life of 60 min, engineered enzyme Pir-XR of 120 min, and engineered enzyme XR-GPI of 120 min Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 40
-
 purified recombinant wild-type enzyme has a half-life of 45 min, engineered enzyme Pir-XR of 100 min, and engineered enzyme XR-GPI of 100 min Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 50
-
 purified recombinant wild-type enzyme has a half-life of 30 min, engineered enzyme Pir-XR of 60 min, and engineered enzyme XR-GPI of 40 min Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Turnover Number [1/s]

EC Number Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.431 0.06
-
 NADPH pH 5.0, 30°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 0.14
-
 NADPH pH 5.0, 30°C, recombinant engineered XR-GPI enzyme Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 0.17
-
 NADPH pH 5.0, 30°C, recombinant engineered Pir-XR enzyme Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 157
-
 D-xylose pH 5.0, 30°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 227
-
 D-xylose pH 5.0, 30°C, recombinant engineered Pir-XR enzyme Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 343
-
 D-xylose pH 5.0, 30°C, recombinant engineered XR-GPI enzyme Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 350
-
 D-galactose pH 5.0, 30°C, recombinant engineered Pir-XR enzyme Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 360
-
 D-galactose pH 5.0, 30°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 410
-
 D-galactose pH 5.0, 30°C, recombinant engineered XR-GPI enzyme Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 420
-
 D-fructose pH 5.0, 30°C, recombinant engineered Pir-XR enzyme Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 466
-
 D-fructose pH 5.0, 30°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 530
-
 D-fructose pH 5.0, 30°C, recombinant engineered XR-GPI enzyme Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 790
-
 D-glucose pH 5.0, 30°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 900
-
 L-arabinose pH 5.0, 30°C, recombinant engineered XR-GPI enzyme Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 1000
-
 L-arabinose pH 5.0, 30°C, recombinant engineered Pir-XR enzyme Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 1030
-
 L-arabinose pH 5.0, 30°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 1920
-
 D-glucose pH 5.0, 30°C, recombinant engineered Pir-XR enzyme Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 3190
-
 D-glucose pH 5.0, 30°C, recombinant engineered XR-GPI enzyme Saccharomyces cerevisiae

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
1.1.1.431 5
-
 sugar reduction Saccharomyces cerevisiae

pH Range

EC Number pH Minimum pH Maximum Comment Organism
1.1.1.431 3.8 6.2 50% of maximal activity at pH 3.8 and pH 6.2, sugar reduction Saccharomyces cerevisiae

pH Stability

EC Number pH Stability pH Stability Maximum Comment Organism
1.1.1.431 3.5
-
 purified recombinant wild-type and engineered enzymes have a half-life of 1.2 h Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 5
-
 purified recombinant wild-type enzyme has a half-life of 10 h, engineered enzyme Pir-XR of 30 h, and engineered enzyme XR-GPI of 30 h Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 6
-
 purified recombinant wild-type enzyme has a half-life of 5 h, engineered enzyme Pir-XR of 20 h, and engineered enzyme XR-GPI of 20 h Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 7
-
 purified recombinant wild-type enzyme has a half-life of 4 h, engineered enzyme Pir-XR of 7.5 h, and engineered enzyme XR-GPI of 12.5 h Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.431 NADP+
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1.1.1.431 NADPH
-
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae