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Literature summary extracted from

  • Tassoni, A.; Awad, N.; Griffiths, G.
    Effect of ornithine decarboxylase and norspermidine in modulating cell division in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (2018), Plant Physiol. Biochem., 123, 125-131 .
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
4.1.1.B12 gene ODC1 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.17 gene ODC1 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
4.1.1.B12 alpha-difluoromethylarginine alpha-difluoromethylarginine also inhibits the enzyme and enhances the inhibitory effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine from 14% to 20% inhibition at 5 mM Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.B12 alpha-difluoromethylornithine alpha-DFMO, a suicide inhibitor, at 5 mM for 72 h, it inhibits membrane-associated ODC activity. Following exposure to alpha-DFMO, the putrescine content in the cells declineds, while the norspermidine content increases over 2fold. Partial inhibition of putrescine synthesis by alpha-DFMO results in increased norspermidine production in the cells suggesting that the suicide inhibitor may also act as an abiotic stress agent Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.17 alpha-difluoromethylornithine DFMO, a suicide inhibitor, at 5 mM for 72 h, it inhibits membrane-associated ODC activity. Following exposure to alpha-DFMO, the putrescine content in the cells declineds, while the norspermidine content increases over 2fold. Partial inhibition of putrescine synthesis by alpha-DFMO results in increased norspermidine production in the cells suggesting that the suicide inhibitor may also act as an abiotic stress agent Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.17 additional information alpha-difluoromethylarginine, DFMA, a suicide inhibitor, does not inhibit the enzyme Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.19 alpha-difluoromethylarginine DFMA, a suicide inhibitor, at 5 mM for 72 h, it inhibits ADC activity. DFMA, inhibits ADC activity in both supernatant and pellet fractions (43% and 26% respectively) Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.19 additional information alpha-difluoromethylornithine, DFMO, a suicide inhibitor, does not inhibit ADC activity Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
4.1.1.17 additional information the enzyme is found in the soluble and the pellet fractions Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
-
-
4.1.1.19 additional information the enzyme is found in the soluble and the pellet fractions Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
-
-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
4.1.1.B12 L-ornithine Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
-
 putrescine + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.B12 L-ornithine Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-125
-
 putrescine + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.17 L-ornithine Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
-
 putrescine + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.17 L-ornithine Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-125
-
 putrescine + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.19 L-arginine Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
-
 agmatine + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.19 L-arginine Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-125
-
 agmatine + CO2
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
4.1.1.B12 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii A8J3M4 and CC-406 cell-wall mutant
-
4.1.1.B12 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-125 A8J3M4 and CC-406 cell-wall mutant
-
4.1.1.17 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii A8J7E8 and CC-406 cell-wall mutant
-
4.1.1.17 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-125 A8J7E8 and CC-406 cell-wall mutant
-
4.1.1.19 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
-
 and CC-406 cell-wall mutant
-
4.1.1.19 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-125
-
 and CC-406 cell-wall mutant
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
4.1.1.B12 L-ornithine
-
 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii putrescine + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.B12 L-ornithine
-
 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-125 putrescine + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.17 L-ornithine
-
 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii putrescine + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.17 L-ornithine
-
 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-125 putrescine + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.19 L-arginine
-
 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii agmatine + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.19 L-arginine
-
 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-125 agmatine + CO2
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
4.1.1.B12 arginine/ornithine decarboxylase
-
 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.B12 More cf. EC 4.1.1.17 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.B12 OAD
-
 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.B12 OAD1
-
 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.17 ODC
-
 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.17 ODC1
-
 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.19 ADC
-
 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
4.1.1.B12 8.5
-
 assay at Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.17 8.5
-
 assay at Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.19 8.5
-
 assay at Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
4.1.1.B12 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.17 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.19 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
4.1.1.B12 evolution ODC is the major route to polyamine formation in the Chlamydomonas CC-406 cell-wall mutant, in contrast to the preferential ADC route reported for Chlorella vulgaris, suggesting that significant species differences exist in biosynthetic pathways which modulate endogenous polyamine levels in green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.B12 metabolism putrescine is the major polyamine in both free (88%) and membrane-bound fractions (93%) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, while norspermidine is the next most abundant in these fractions accounting for 11% and 6%, respectively. Low levels of diaminopropane, spermidine and spermine are also observed although no cadaverine or norspermine are detected. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity is almost five times higher than arginine decarboxylase (ADC, EC 4.1.1.19) and is the major route of putrescine synthesis. Following exposure to ODC inhibitor alpha-DFMO, the putrescine content in the cells declines, while the norspermidine content increases over 2fold. Addition of norspermidine to cultures stimulates cell division mimicking the effects observed using alpha-DFMO and also reverses the inhibitory effects of cyclohexylamine on growth Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.17 evolution ODC is the major route to polyamine formation in the Chlamydomonas CC-406 cell-wall mutant, in contrast to the preferential ADC route reported for Chlorella vulgaris, suggesting that significant species differences exist in biosynthetic pathways which modulate endogenous polyamine levels in green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.17 metabolism putrescine is the major polyamine in both free (88%) and membrane-bound fractions (93%) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, while norspermidine is the next most abundant in these fractions accounting for 11% and 6%, respectively. Low levels of diaminopropane, spermidine and spermine are also observed although no cadaverine or norspermine are detected. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity is almost five times higher than arginine decarboxylase (ADC, EC 4.1.1.19) and is the major route of putrescine synthesis. Following exposure to ODC inhibitor alpha-DFMO, the putrescine content in the cells declines, while the norspermidine content increases over 2fold. Addition of norspermidine to cultures stimulates cell division mimicking the effects observed using alpha-DFMO and also reverses the inhibitory effects of cyclohexylamine on growth Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.19 evolution ODC is the major route to polyamine formation in the Chlamydomonas CC-406 cell-wall mutant, in contrast to the preferential ADC route reported for Chlorella vulgaris, suggesting that significant species differences exist in biosynthetic pathways which modulate endogenous polyamine levels in green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.19 metabolism putrescine is the major polyamine in both free (88%) and membrane-bound fractions (93%) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, while norspermidine is the next most abundant in these fractions accounting for 11% and 6%, respectively. Low levels of diaminopropane, spermidine and spermine are also observed although no cadaverine or norspermine are detected. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, EC 4.1.1.17) activity is almost five times higher than arginine decarboxylase (ADC) and is the major route of putrescine synthesis Chlamydomonas reinhardtii