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Literature summary extracted from
- Rational engineering of a mesohalophilic carbonic anhydrase to an extreme halotolerant biocatalyst (2015), Nat. Commun., 6, 10278 .
Cloned(Commentary)
| EC Number | Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.1 | gene CA2, recombinant expression of wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli | Homo sapiens |
Crystallization (Commentary)
| EC Number | Crystallization (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.1 | purified recombinant wild-type enzyme and mutants M1-M4, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at resolutions of 1.62-2.29 A | Homo sapiens |
Protein Variants
| EC Number | Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.1 | G8D/K18E/N24D/K36D/V39D/V50D/R57D/N62D/Q74E/T85D/Q136E/K169E/N177D/N186E/Q220E/L238E/N252D/Q254E | site-directed mutagenesis, mutant M4, shows reduced activity but increased thermostability and halostability compared to wild-type enzyme. The successful redesign of a mesohalophile enzyme to an extremely halotolerant orthologue, that is, one that is active at 3M NaCl and above. Role of Na+ in stabilizing M4 structure, molecular dynamics simulations, overview | Homo sapiens |
| 4.2.1.1 | G8D/K36D/V50D/N62D/Q136E/L238E | site-directed mutagenesis, mutant M2, shows reduced activity but increased thermostability and halostability compared to wild-type enzyme | Homo sapiens |
| 4.2.1.1 | G8D/N24D/K36D/V39D/V50D/R57D/N62D/Q74E/Q136E/K169E/L238E/N252D | site-directed mutagenesis, mutant M3, shows reduced activity but increased thermostability compared to wild-type enzyme | Homo sapiens |
| 4.2.1.1 | additional information | halotolerance can be generated in an enzyme solely by modifying surface residues. Rational design of carbonic anhydrase II is undertaken in three stages replacing 18 residues in total, crystal structures confirm changes are confined to surface residues. Catalytic activities and thermal unfolding temperatures of the designed enzymes increase at high salt concentrations demonstrating their shift to halotolerance, whereas the opposite response is found in the wild-type enzyme. Molecular dynamics calculations, overview | Homo sapiens |
| 4.2.1.1 | N24D/V39D/R57D/Q74E/K169E/N252D | site-directed mutagenesis, mutant M3, shows reduced activity but increased thermostability and halostability compared to wild-type enzyme | Homo sapiens |
| 4.2.1.1 | N62D | site-directed mutagenesis | Homo sapiens |
General Stability
| EC Number | General Stability | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.1 | a key role for sodium ions in increasing halotolerant enzyme stability largely through interactions with the highly ordered first Na+ hydration shell, molecular dynamics calculations, overview | Homo sapiens |
Inhibitors
| EC Number | Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.1 | nitrate | mutants M3 and M4 are more resistent against inhibition by nitrate compared to wild-type and mutants M1 and M2 | Homo sapiens |  |
| 4.2.1.1 | SDS | the wild-type enzyme is inactivated at 0.4% w/v, the mutant enzymes are more stable showing residual activity at that concentration | Homo sapiens | |
Metals/Ions
| EC Number | Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.1 | additional information | distribution of cations and anions within 3 A of the enzyme surface, overview | Homo sapiens | |
| 4.2.1.1 | Na+ | a key role for sodium ions in increasing halotolerant enzyme stability largely through interactions with the highly ordered first Na+ hydration shell, molecular dynamics calculations, overview. Very strong activation by Na2SO4 of all enzymes, especially of mutant M4, slight activation by NaCl, overview | Homo sapiens | |
| 4.2.1.1 | Zn2+ | required, metalloenzyme | Homo sapiens | |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.1 | H2CO3 | Homo sapiens | - |
CO2 + H2O | - |
r | |
Organism
| EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.1 | Homo sapiens | P00918 | - |
- |
Purification (Commentary)
| EC Number | Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.1 | recombinant wild-type and mutant enzymes from Escherichia coli | Homo sapiens |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| EC Number | Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.1 | additional information | - |
esterase activity measurements of wild-type and mutant enzymes, pH 8.5, substrate 4-nitrophenyl acetate | Homo sapiens |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.1 | H2CO3 | - |
Homo sapiens | CO2 + H2O | - |
r | |
| 4.2.1.1 | additional information | esterase activity assay with 4-nitrophenyl acetate as substrate for determination of activity of wild-type and mutant enzymes | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
Subunits
| EC Number | Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.1 | More | secondary structure stability of wild-type and mutant enzymes in SDS, overview | Homo sapiens |
Synonyms
| EC Number | Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.1 | CAII | - |
Homo sapiens |
| 4.2.1.1 | carbonic anhydrase II | - |
Homo sapiens |
| 4.2.1.1 | mesohalophilic carbonic anhydrase | - |
Homo sapiens |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| EC Number | Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.1 | 42.5 | - |
mutant M4 | Homo sapiens |
| 4.2.1.1 | 50 | - |
mutants M2 and M3 | Homo sapiens |
| 4.2.1.1 | 66.5 | - |
mutant M1 | Homo sapiens |
| 4.2.1.1 | 67.5 | - |
wild-type enzyme | Homo sapiens |
Temperature Stability [°C]
| EC Number | Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] | Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.1 | additional information | - |
thermal stability and thermal unfolding analyses of wild-type enzyme and mutants M1-M4, overview | Homo sapiens |
pH Optimum
| EC Number | pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.1 | 8.5 | - |
assay at | Homo sapiens |
IC50 Value
| EC Number | IC50 Value | IC50 Value Maximum | Comment | Organism | Inhibitor | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.1 | 0.01 | - |
pH 7.5, 20°C, inhibition of CO2 hydration reaction | Homo sapiens | nitrate | |
General Information
| EC Number | General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2.1.1 | additional information | a key role for sodium ions in increasing halotolerant enzyme stability largely through interactions with the highly ordered first Na+ hydration shell, molecular dynamics calculations, overview | Homo sapiens |
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