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Literature summary extracted from

  • Beeler, S.; Liu, H.C.; Stadler, M.; Schreier, T.; Eicke, S.; Lue, W.L.; Truernit, E.; Zeeman, S.C.; Chen, J.; Koetting, O.
    Plastidial NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase is critical for embryo development and heterotrophic metabolism in Arabidopsis (2014), Plant Physiol., 164, 1175-1190.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Activating Compound

EC Number Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.82 light NADP-MDH is a strictly redox-regulated, light-activated enzyme that is inactive in the dark Arabidopsis thaliana

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.1.1.37 quantitative reverse transcription PCR enzyme expression analyssis Arabidopsis thaliana

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
1.1.1.37 chloroplast
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana 9507
-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.37 (S)-malate + NAD+ Arabidopsis thaliana
-
 oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.37 oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ Arabidopsis thaliana
-
 (S)-malate + NAD+
-
 r
1.1.1.82 oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+ Arabidopsis thaliana
-
 (S)-malate + NADP+
-
 r

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.1.1.37 Arabidopsis thaliana Q9SN86
-
-
1.1.1.82 Arabidopsis thaliana Q8H1E2
-
-

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
1.1.1.37 additional information isozyme pdNAD-MDH is expressed in green and nongreen tissues throughout development and the diurnal cycle Arabidopsis thaliana
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.37 (S)-malate + NAD+
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.37 (S)-malate + NAD+ reversible interconversion of malate and oxaloacetate Arabidopsis thaliana oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.37 oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana (S)-malate + NAD+
-
 r
1.1.1.37 oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ reversible interconversion of malate and oxaloacetate Arabidopsis thaliana (S)-malate + NAD+
-
 r
1.1.1.82 oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana (S)-malate + NADP+
-
 r

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.1.1.37 pdNAD-MDH
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.37 plastidial NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.82 MDH
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.82 NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.82 NADP-MDH
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.37 NAD+
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.37 NADH
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.82 NADP+
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.82 NADPH
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
1.1.1.37 malfunction a pdnad-mdh null mutation is embryo lethal. Plants with reduced pdNAD-MDH levels by means of artificial microRNA (miR-mdh-1) are viable, but dark metabolism is altered as reflected by increased nighttime malate, starch, and glutathione levels and a reduced respiration rate. pdNAD-MDH Silencing Results in small and pale green plants, phenotype, overvew. In addition, miR-mdh-1 plants exhibit strong pleiotropic effects, including dwarfism, reductions in chlorophyll levels, photosynthetic rate, and daytime carbohydrate levels, and disordered chloroplast ultrastructure, particularly in developing leaves, compared with the wild type. pdNAD-MDH deficiency in miR-mdh-1 can be functionally complemented by expression of a microRNA-insensitive pdNAD-MDH but not NADP-MDH, confirming distinct roles for NAD- and NADP-linked redox homeostasis Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.37 physiological function in illuminated chloroplasts, one mechanism involved in reduction-oxidation (redox) homeostasis is the malate-oxaloacetate shuttle. Excess electrons from photosynthetic electron transport in the form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced are used by NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase (MDH), EC 1.1.1.82, to reduce oxaloacetate to malate, thus regenerating the electron acceptor NADP. NADP-MDH is a strictly redox-regulated, light-activated enzyme that is inactive in the dark. In the dark or in nonphotosynthetic tissues, the malate-oxaloacetate shuttle was proposed to be mediated by the constitutively active plastidial NAD-specific MDH isoform (pdNAD-MDH), but evidence is scarce. Critical role of pdNAD-MDH in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Distinct roles for NAD- and NADP-linked redox homeostasis. pdNAD-MDH influences chloroplast ultrastructure and photosynthetic metabolism Arabidopsis thaliana
1.1.1.82 physiological function in illuminated chloroplasts, one mechanism involved in reduction oxidation (redox) homeostasis is the malate-oxaloacetate shuttle. Excess electrons from photosynthetic electron transport in the form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced are used by NADP+-dependent malate dehydrogenase to reduce oxaloacetate to malate, thus regenerating the electron acceptor NADP+. Since NADP-MDH is a strictly redox-regulated, light-activated enzyme that is inactive in the dark, the malate-oxaloacetate shuttle is in the dark or in nonphotosynthetic tissues proposed to be mediated by the constitutively active plastidial NAD-specific MDH isoform (pdNAD-MDH, EC 1.1.1.37), which is is active under both light and dark conditions. pdNAD-MDH deficiency in miR-mdh-1 can be functionally complemented by expression of a microRNA-insensitive pdNAD-MDH but not NADP-MDH, confirming distinct roles for NAD- and NADP-linked redox homeostasis. NADP-MDH is not crucial for providing electron acceptors in chloroplasts Arabidopsis thaliana