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Literature summary extracted from

  • Ma, P.; Liu, J.; Zhang, C.; Liang, Z.
    Regulation of water-soluble phenolic acid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (2013), Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 170, 1253-1262.
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.1.1.237 gene SmHPPR, semiquantitative RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis Salvia miltiorrhiza

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
1.1.1.237 additional information overexpression of HPPR does not lead to the enhancement of phenolic acid production in comparison with control. Single HPPR transgenic lines and TAT-HPPR co-transgenic lines present much higher rosmarinic acid and lithospermic acid B accumulation. Although possessing a relatively low TAT and HPPR transcript level compared with the single-gene transgenic lines, the TAT-HPPR co-transgenic lines produce over 16.1times rosmarinic acid and 18.8times lithospermic acid B than that in control lines. TAT-HPPR co-transgenic lines possess the lowest accumulation level of homogentisic acid, a compound involved in the competitive branch of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis and produced by HPPD from 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid precursor. This most likely suggested a metabolic flux shift from the homogentisic acid branch to the rosmarinic acid pathway Salvia miltiorrhiza

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.237 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADH + H+ Salvia miltiorrhiza
-
 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NAD+
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.1.1.237 Salvia miltiorrhiza A0A0A7RFJ3
-
-

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
1.1.1.237 hairy root
-
 Salvia miltiorrhiza
-
1.1.1.237 leaf
-
 Salvia miltiorrhiza
-
1.1.1.237 additional information the enzyme gene expression is the highest in stem, the second in root, and lowest in leaf Salvia miltiorrhiza
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1.1.1.237 root
-
 Salvia miltiorrhiza
-
1.1.1.237 stem
-
 Salvia miltiorrhiza
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.237 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADH + H+
-
 Salvia miltiorrhiza 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NAD+
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.1.1.237 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase
-
 Salvia miltiorrhiza
1.1.1.237 HPPR
-
 Salvia miltiorrhiza

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.237 NADH
-
 Salvia miltiorrhiza

Expression

EC Number Organism Comment Expression
1.1.1.237 Salvia miltiorrhiza UV-B radiation and hydrogen peroxide treatments downregulate SmHPPR transcription level down
1.1.1.237 Salvia miltiorrhiza methyljasmonate, salicylic acid, gibberellic acid 3, and abscisic acid treatments upregulate SmHPPR transcription level up

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
1.1.1.237 metabolism the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid via the tyrosine-derived pathway, tyrosine is metabolized to 4-hydroxyphenyllactate by tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT, EC 2.6.1.5) and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (HPPR, EC 1.1.1.237), pathway overview. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvated dioxygenase transforms 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate acid to homogentisic acid, therefore competing for the same substrate with HPPR in the tyrosine-derived pathway. Regulation of water-soluble phenolic acid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza via regulators at molecular level, such as the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (PAL), cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase gene (C4H), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase gene (4CL), tyrosine aminotransferase gene (TAT), 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase gene (HPPR), 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvated dioxygenase gene (HPPD), hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:hydroxyphenyllactate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase-like gene (RAS-like), and v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog 4 gene (MYB4), and production of anthocyanin pigmentation 1 gene (AtPAP1), and via regulators at cell level, such as methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, polyamines, metal ions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ultraviolet-B radiation, and yeast elicitor, overview Salvia miltiorrhiza
1.1.1.237 physiological function enzyme HPPR catalyzes the first specific biosynthetic step in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine Salvia miltiorrhiza