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Literature summary extracted from

  • Roth, S.; Jung, K.; Jung, H.; Hommel, R.; Kleber, H.
    Crotonobetaine reductase from Escherichia coli - a new inducible enzyme of anaerobic metabolization of L(-)-carnitine (1994), Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 65, 63-69.
    View publication on PubMed

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.3.8.13 2-mercaptoethanol 6.6 mM, 48% inhibition Escherichia coli
1.3.8.13 choline 200 mM, about 50% residual activity Escherichia coli
1.3.8.13 Cu2+ 1 mM, 100% inhibition Escherichia coli
1.3.8.13 D-carnitine
-
 Escherichia coli
1.3.8.13 dithioerythritol 6.6 mM, 85% inhibition Escherichia coli
1.3.8.13 EDTA 3.3 mM, 32% inhibition Escherichia coli
1.3.8.13 Fe2+ 1 mM, 94% inhibition Escherichia coli
1.3.8.13 gamma-butyrobetaine competitive, 100 mM, complete loss of activity Escherichia coli
1.3.8.13 glutathione 6.6 mM, 67% inhibition Escherichia coli
1.3.8.13 Hg2+ 1 mM, 97% inhibition Escherichia coli
1.3.8.13 Tris-HCl
-
 Escherichia coli
1.3.8.13 Zn2+ 1 mM, 58% inhibition Escherichia coli

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.3.8.13 10.7
-
 crotonobetaine pH 8.0, 37°C Escherichia coli

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
1.3.8.13 cytoplasm
-
 Escherichia coli 5737
-

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.3.8.13 Escherichia coli P60584
-
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.3.8.13 crotonobetaine + reduced benzylviologen
-
 Escherichia coli gamma-butyrobetaine + oxidized benzylviologen
-
 ?
1.3.8.13 gamma-butyrobetainyl-CoA + electron-transfer flavoprotein
-
 Escherichia coli crotonobetainyl-CoA + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.3.8.13 caiA
-
 Escherichia coli
1.3.8.13 crotonobetaine reductase
-
 Escherichia coli

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.3.8.13 40 45
-
 Escherichia coli

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
1.3.8.13 additional information
-
 Tris-HCl buffer is inhibitory Escherichia coli
1.3.8.13 7.8
-
 potassium phosphate buffer Escherichia coli

Ki Value [mM]

EC Number Ki Value [mM] Ki Value maximum [mM] Inhibitor Comment Organism Structure
1.3.8.13 0.03
-
 gamma-butyrobetaine pH 8.0, 37°C Escherichia coli

Expression

EC Number Organism Comment Expression
1.3.8.13 Escherichia coli inducible enzyme detectable only in cells grown anaerobically in the presence of L-carnitine or crotonobetaine as inducers additional information
1.3.8.13 Escherichia coli fumarate causes a stimulation of growth and an increased expression of crotonobetaine reductase up