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Literature summary extracted from

  • Bowerman, A.F.; Newberry, M.; Dielen, A.S.; Whan, A.; Larroque, O.; Pritchard, J.; Gubler, F.; Howitt, C.A.; Pogson, B.J.; Morell, M.K.; Ral, J.P.
    Suppression of glucan, water dikinase in the endosperm alters wheat grain properties, germination and coleoptile growth (2016), Plant Biotechnol. J., 14, 398-408.
    View publication on PubMed

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
2.7.9.4 additional information production of transgenic Triticum aestivum lines using RNAi targeted to the endosperm only resulting in reduction in both GWD protein abundance and starch phosphate content Triticum aestivum

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
2.7.9.4 Mg2+ required Triticum aestivum

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.7.9.4 ATP + alpha-glucan + H2O Triticum aestivum GWD phosphorylates the hydroxyl group at carbon atoms 6 and 3 AMP + phospho-alpha-glucan + phosphate
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 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.7.9.4 Triticum aestivum
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-
-

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.7.9.4 ATP + alpha-glucan + H2O GWD phosphorylates the hydroxyl group at carbon atoms 6 and 3 Triticum aestivum AMP + phospho-alpha-glucan + phosphate
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 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
2.7.9.4 glucan, water dikinase
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 Triticum aestivum
2.7.9.4 GWD
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 Triticum aestivum

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
2.7.9.4 ATP
-
 Triticum aestivum

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
2.7.9.4 malfunction downregulation of the enzyme causes phenotypic alteration in grain and growth. Coleoptile length is increased in these transgenic lines independently of grain size increases. The GWD-depleted wheat lines exhibit unexpected increases in grain size, early vigour and plant biomass. No changes in starch degradation rates during germination are identified, or any major alteration in soluble sugar levels that may explain the coleoptile growth modification. There is no evidence that the increased growth of coleoptiles in these lines is connected to starch conformation or degradation or soluble sugar content. Phenotype, overview Triticum aestivum
2.7.9.4 metabolism Glucan, water dikinase (GWD; EC 2.7.9.4) and its sister enzyme phosphoglucan, water dikinase (PWD; EC 2.7.9.5), are responsible for the phosphorylation of starch during synthesis. These dikinases phosphorylate C6 and C3 residues of alpha-D-glucan chains, respectively, with PWD activity dependent on that of GWD Triticum aestivum
2.7.9.4 physiological function glucan, water dikinase is the primary enzyme responsible for addition of phosphate groups to starch, in a grain-specific manner Triticum aestivum