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Literature summary extracted from

  • Gnanasekaran, T.; Karcher, D.; Nielsen, A.Z.; Martens, H.J.; Ruf, S.; Kroop, X.; Olsen, C.E.; Motawie, M.S.; Pribil, M.; M?ller, B.L.; Bock, R.; Jensen, P.E.
    Transfer of the cytochrome P450-dependent dhurrin pathway from Sorghum bicolor into Nicotiana tabacum chloroplasts for light-driven synthesis (2016), J. Exp. Bot., 67, 2495-2506.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Application

EC Number Application Comment Organism
1.14.14.36 biotechnology engineering of the dhurrin pathway from Sorghum bicolor into the chloroplasts of Nicotiana tabacum. The entire pathway can be introduced into the chloroplast by integrating membrane-bound cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP79A1, CYP71E1, and soluble glucosyltransferase UGT85B1 into a neutral site of the Nicotiana tabacum chloroplast genome. The two P450s and the UGT85B1 are functional when expressed in the chloroplasts and convert endogenous tyrosine into dhurrin using electrons derived directly from the photosynthetic electron transport chain, without the need for the presence of an NADPH-dependent P450 oxidoreductase. The dhurrin produced in the engineered plants amounts to 0.1–0.2% of leaf dry weight compared to 6% in sorghum Sorghum bicolor
1.14.14.37 biotechnology engineering of the dhurrin pathway from Sorghum bicolor into the chloroplasts of Nicotiana tabacum. The entire pathway can be introduced into the chloroplast by integrating membrane-bound cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP79A1, CYP71E1, and soluble glucosyltransferase UGT85B1 into a neutral site of the Nicotiana tabacum chloroplast genome. The two P450s and the UGT85B1 are functional when expressed in the chloroplasts and convert endogenous tyrosine into dhurrin using electrons derived directly from the photosynthetic electron transport chain, without the need for the presence of an NADPH-dependent P450 oxidoreductase. The dhurrin produced in the engineered plants amounts to 0.1-0.2% of leaf dry weight compared to 6% in sorghum Sorghum bicolor
2.4.1.85 biotechnology integration of genes CYP79A1, CYP71E1, and UGT85B1 in Nicotiana tabacum chloroplast genome and functional expression, the enzymes convert endogenous tyrosine into dhurrin using electrons derived directly from the photosynthetic electron transport chain, without the need for the presence of an NADPH-dependent P450 oxidoreductase. The dhurrin produced in the engineered plants amounted to 0.1-0.2% of leaf dry weight compared to 6% in the origin Sorghum bicolor. Plant P450s involved in the synthesis of economically important compounds can be engineered into the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, and their full catalytic cycle can be driven directly by photosynthesis-derived electrons Sorghum bicolor
2.4.1.85 synthesis integration of genes CYP79A1, CYP71E1, and UGT85B1 in Nicotiana tabacum chloroplast genome and functional expression, the enzymes convert endogenous tyrosine into dhurrin using electrons derived directly from the photosynthetic electron transport chain, without the need for the presence of an NADPH-dependent P450 oxidoreductase. The dhurrin produced in the engineered plants amounted to 0.1-0.2% of leaf dry weight compared to 6% in the origin Sorghum bicolor. Plant P450s involved in the synthesis of economically important compounds can be engineered into the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, and their full catalytic cycle can be driven directly by photosynthesis-derived electrons Sorghum bicolor

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
2.4.1.85 recombinant expression in Nicotiana tabacum chloroplasts, coexpression with CYP79A1 and CYP71E1 linked in a tricistronic operon construct with the essential regulatory elements Sorghum bicolor

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
2.4.1.85 additional information engineering for introduction of the dhurrin biosynthesis pathway, starting with L-tyrosine and comprising the enzymes CYP79A1, CYP71E1, and UGT85B1 into Nicotiana tabacum. Integration of genes CYP79A1, CYP71E1, and UGT85B1 into a neutral site of the Nicotiana tabacum chloroplast genome and functional expression, overview. The enzymes convert endogenous tyrosine into dhurrin using electrons derived directly from the photosynthetic electron transport chain, without the need for the presence of an NADPH-dependent P450 oxidoreductase. The dhurrin produced in the engineered plants amounted to 0.1-0.2% of leaf dry weight compared to 6% in the origin Sorghum bicolor Sorghum bicolor

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
2.4.1.85 chloroplast stroma UGT85B1 is found mainly in the soluble stroma fraction Sorghum bicolor 9570
-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.4.1.85 UDP-D-glucose + (S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile Sorghum bicolor
-
 UDP + (S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile beta-D-glucoside i.e. dhurrin ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.14.14.36 Sorghum bicolor Q43135
-
-
1.14.14.37 Sorghum bicolor O48958
-
-
2.4.1.85 Sorghum bicolor Q9SBL1 gene UGT85B1
-

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
2.4.1.85 leaf
-
 Sorghum bicolor
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.4.1.85 additional information UGT85B1 has a broad substrate specificity Sorghum bicolor ?
-
 ?
2.4.1.85 UDP-D-glucose + (S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile
-
 Sorghum bicolor UDP + (S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile beta-D-glucoside i.e. dhurrin ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.14.14.37 CYP71E1
-
 Sorghum bicolor

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
2.4.1.85 metabolism dhurrin is a cyanogenic glucoside and its synthesis from the amino acid tyrosine is catalysed by two membrane-bound cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP79A1 and CYP71E1) and a soluble glucosyltransferase (UGT85B1), and is dependent on electron transfer from a P450 oxidoreductase Sorghum bicolor