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Literature summary extracted from

  • Milne, N.; Van Maris, A.; Pronk, J.; Daran, J.
    Comparative assessment of native and heterologous 2-oxo acid decarboxylases for application in isobutanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2015), Biotechnol. Biofuels, 8, 204.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Application

EC Number Application Comment Organism
4.1.1.1 synthesis comparison of relevant properties for isobutanol production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Aro10 and Lactococcus lactis KivD and KdcA genes. Activity in cell extracts reveals a superior Vmax/Km ratio of KdcA for alpha-ketoisovalerate and a wide range of linear and branched-chain 2-oxo acids. KdcA also shows the highest activity with pyruvate which, in engineered strains, can contribute to formation of ethanol as a by-product. During oxygen-limited incubation in the presence of glucose, strains expressing kdcA or kivD show a ca. twofold higher in vivo rate of conversion of alpha-ketoisovalerate into isobutanol than an Aro10-expressing strain. Cell extracts from cultures grown on different nitrogen sources reveal increased activity of constitutively expressed KdcA after growth on both valine and phenylalanine, while KivD and Aro10 activity is only increased after growth on phenylalanine Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis
4.1.1.72 synthesis comparison of relevant properties for isobutanol production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Aro10 and Lactococcus lactis KivD and KdcA genes. Activity in cell extracts reveals a superior Vmax/Km ratio of KdcA for alpha-ketoisovalerate and a wide range of linear and branched-chain 2-oxo acids. KdcA also shows the highest activity with pyruvate which, in engineered strains, can contribute to formation of ethanol as a by-product. During oxygen-limited incubation in the presence of glucose, strains expressing kdcA or kivD show a ca. twofold higher in vivo rate of conversion of alpha-ketoisovalerate into isobutanol than an Aro10-expressing strain. Cell extracts from cultures grown on different nitrogen sources reveal increased activity of constitutively expressed KdcA after growth on both valine and phenylalanine, while KivD and Aro10 activity is only increased after growth on phenylalanine Lactococcus lactis

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
4.1.1.1 expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in a decarboxylase-negative pdc1Delta,pdc5Delta, pdc6Delta, aro10Delta background Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis
4.1.1.72 expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in a decarboxylase-negative pdc1Delta,pdc5Delta, pdc6Delta, aro10Delta background Lactococcus lactis

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
4.1.1.1 2.42
-
2-oxoisocaproate pH 7.0, 30°C Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis
4.1.1.1 7.73
-
2-oxoisovalerate pH 7.0, 30°C Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis
4.1.1.1 12.9
-
2-oxomethylvalerate pH 7.0, 30°C Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis
4.1.1.72 0.2
-
phenylpyruvate Hill coefficient 1.0, pH 7.0, 30°C Lactococcus lactis
4.1.1.72 0.57
-
2-oxoisocaproate Hill coefficient 1.0, pH 7.0, 30°C Lactococcus lactis
4.1.1.72 1.43
-
4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate Hill coefficient 1.1, pH 7.0, 30°C Lactococcus lactis
4.1.1.72 1.44
-
2-oxopentanoate Hill coefficient 1.1, pH 7.0, 30°C Lactococcus lactis
4.1.1.72 3.49
-
2-oxomethylvalerate Hill coefficient 0.8, pH 7.0, 30°C Lactococcus lactis
4.1.1.72 5.58
-
2-oxobutanoate Hill coefficient 1.1, pH 7.0, 30°C Lactococcus lactis
4.1.1.72 8.31
-
2-oxoisovalerate Hill coefficient 0.9, pH 7.0, 30°C Lactococcus lactis
4.1.1.72 33
-
pyruvate Hill coefficient 1.2, pH 7.0, 30°C Lactococcus lactis

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
4.1.1.1 Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis Q684J7
-
-
4.1.1.72 Lactococcus lactis Q6QBS4
-
-
4.1.1.72 Lactococcus lactis B1157 Q6QBS4
-
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
4.1.1.1 2-oxoisocaproate
-
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis 3-methylbutanal + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.1 2-oxoisovalerate
-
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis 2-methylpropanal + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.1 2-oxomethylvalerate
-
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis pentanal + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.72 2-oxobutanoate
-
Lactococcus lactis propanal + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.72 2-oxoisocaproate
-
Lactococcus lactis 3-methylbutanal + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.72 2-oxoisocaproate
-
Lactococcus lactis B1157 3-methylbutanal + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.72 2-oxoisovalerate
-
Lactococcus lactis 2-methylpropanal + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.72 2-oxoisovalerate
-
Lactococcus lactis B1157 2-methylpropanal + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.72 2-oxomethylvalerate
-
Lactococcus lactis pentanal + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.72 2-oxopentanoate
-
Lactococcus lactis butanal + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.72 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate
-
Lactococcus lactis 3-methylthiopropanal + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.72 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate
-
Lactococcus lactis B1157 3-methylthiopropanal + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.72 Phenylpyruvate
-
Lactococcus lactis Phenylacetaldehyde + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.72 Phenylpyruvate
-
Lactococcus lactis B1157 Phenylacetaldehyde + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.72 pyruvate
-
Lactococcus lactis acetaldehyde + CO2
-
?
4.1.1.72 pyruvate
-
Lactococcus lactis B1157 acetaldehyde + CO2
-
?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
4.1.1.1 KivD
-
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis
4.1.1.72 KdcA
-
Lactococcus lactis