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Literature summary extracted from

  • Rilla, K.; Oikari, S.; Jokela, T.A.; Hyttinen, J.M.; Kaernae, R.; Tammi, R.H.; Tammi, M.I.
    Hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1) requires higher cellular UDP-GlcNAc concentration than HAS2 and HAS3 (2013), J. Biol. Chem., 288, 5973-5983.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
2.4.1.212 gene HAS1, expression analysis and recombinant expression in COS-1 cells Homo sapiens
2.4.1.212 gene HAS2, expression analysis and recombinant expression in COS-1 cells Homo sapiens
2.4.1.212 gene HAS3, expression analysis and recombinant expression in COS-1 cells Homo sapiens

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
2.4.1.212 additional information COS-1 cells, with minor endogenous hyaluronan synthesis, is transfected with Has1 isozyme. HAS1 is almost unable to secrete hyaluronan or form a hyaluronan coat. This failure of HAS1 to synthesize hyaluronan is compensated by increasing the cellular content of UDP-GlcNAc by 10fold with 1 mM glucosamine in the growth medium Homo sapiens
2.4.1.212 additional information COS-1 cells, with minor endogenous hyaluronan synthesis, is transfected with Has2 isozyme. Hyaluronan synthesis driven by HAS2 is less affected by glucosamine addition Homo sapiens
2.4.1.212 additional information COS-1 cells, with minor endogenous hyaluronan synthesis, is transfected with Has3 isozyme. The ability of HAS3 to synthesize hyaluronan is not at all affected Homo sapiens

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
2.4.1.212 4-Methylumbelliferone inhibits HAS because it depletes UDPGlcUA in cells; inhibits HAS because it depletes UDPGlcUA in cells; inhibits HAS because it depletes UDPGlcUA in cells Homo sapiens
2.4.1.212 mannose inhibits HAS because it depletes UDP-GlcNAc in cells; inhibits HAS because it depletes UDP-GlcNAc in cells; inhibits HAS because it depletes UDP-GlcNAc in cells Homo sapiens

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
2.4.1.212 membrane
-
 Homo sapiens 16020
-

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
2.4.1.212 Mg2+ required Homo sapiens

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.4.1.212 additional information Homo sapiens isozyme HAS1 requires higher cellular UDP-GlcNAc concentration than isozymes HAS2 and HAS3. HAS1 is almost inactive in cells with low UDP-sugar supply, HAS2 activity increases with UDP-sugars, and HAS3 produces hyaluronan at high speed even with minimum substrate content. HAS works on the cytosolic pool of the UDPsugars ?
-
 ?
2.4.1.212 UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-[nascent hyaluronan] Homo sapiens
-
 UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-[nascent hyaluronan]
-
 ?
2.4.1.212 UDP-alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-[nascent hyaluronan] Homo sapiens
-
 UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-[nascent hyaluronan]
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.4.1.212 Homo sapiens O00219 isozyme HAS3
-
2.4.1.212 Homo sapiens Q92819 isozyme HAS2
-
2.4.1.212 Homo sapiens Q92839 isozyme HAS1
-

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
2.4.1.212 chondrosarcoma cell
-
 Homo sapiens
-
2.4.1.212 keratinocyte
-
 Homo sapiens
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.4.1.212 additional information isozyme HAS1 requires higher cellular UDP-GlcNAc concentration than isozymes HAS2 and HAS3. HAS1 is almost inactive in cells with low UDP-sugar supply, HAS2 activity increases with UDP-sugars, and HAS3 produces hyaluronan at high speed even with minimum substrate content. HAS works on the cytosolic pool of the UDPsugars Homo sapiens ?
-
 ?
2.4.1.212 additional information two glycosyltransferase activities in HAS that add glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine into their alternating positions in the chain, using UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcUA) and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) as substrates. Sufficient supply of both UDP-GlcUA and UDP-GlcNAc is important for hyaluronan synthesis Homo sapiens ?
-
 ?
2.4.1.212 UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-[nascent hyaluronan]
-
 Homo sapiens UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-[nascent hyaluronan]
-
 ?
2.4.1.212 UDP-alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-[nascent hyaluronan]
-
 Homo sapiens UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-[nascent hyaluronan]
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
2.4.1.212 HAS1
-
 Homo sapiens
2.4.1.212 Has2
-
 Homo sapiens
2.4.1.212 Has3
-
 Homo sapiens
2.4.1.212 hyaluronan synthase 1
-
 Homo sapiens

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
2.4.1.212 37
-
 assay at Homo sapiens

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
2.4.1.212 7.1
-
 assay at Homo sapiens

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
2.4.1.212 additional information product hyaluronan is secreted to the cell surface or the into the growth medium by HAS-containing cell culture, respectively Homo sapiens
2.4.1.212 physiological function the expression of the Has1 isoenzyme, most dependent on high UDP-sugar contents, is coordinated with a metabolic state that maintains a high level of these substrates Homo sapiens