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Literature summary extracted from

  • Chizzali, C.; Gaid, M.M.; Belkheir, A.K.; Haensch, R.; Richter, K.; Flachowsky, H.; Peil, A.; Hanke, M.V.; Liu, B.; Beerhues, L.
    Differential expression of biphenyl synthase gene family members in fire-blight-infected apple Holsteiner Cox (2012), Plant Physiol., 158, 864-875.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
2.3.1.177 gene MdBIS1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree, the BIS1 cDNA cloned from cv. Holsteiner Cox contains an early stop codon atposition 211 to 213 and does not yield a functional enzyme Malus domestica
2.3.1.177 gene MdBIS2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree, functional expression of N-terminally His6-tagged BIS2 in Escherichia coli Malus domestica
2.3.1.177 gene MdBIS4, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree, functional expression of N-terminally His6-tagged BIS4 in Escherichia coli Malus domestica
2.3.1.177 genes MdBIS3, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree, functional expression of N-terminally His6-tagged BIS3 in Escherichia coli Malus domestica

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
2.3.1.177 benzoyl-CoA benzoyl-CoA causes inhibition of BIS2 activity at concentrations above 0.015 mM; benzoyl-CoA causes inhibition of BIS3 activity at concentrations above 0.015 mM; benzoyl-CoA causes inhibition of BIS4 activity at concentrations above 0.015 mM Malus domestica
2.3.1.177 additional information no substrate inhibition by salicoyl-CoA up to 0.05 mM; no substrate inhibition by salicoyl-CoA up to 0.05 mM; no substrate inhibition by salicoyl-CoA up to 0.05 mM Malus domestica

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
2.3.1.177 43000
-
 x * 43000, recombinant His-tagged BIS enzyme, SDS-PAGE Malus domestica

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.3.1.177 3 malonyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA Malus domestica
-
 4 CoA + 3,5-dihydroxybiphenyl + 4 CO2
-
 ?
2.3.1.177 additional information Malus domestica the enzyme also catalyzes the reaction of EC 2.3.1.208, 4-hydroxycoumarin synthase, with malonyl-CoA and 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA, i.e. salicoyl-CoA, as substrates forming 4-hydroxycoumarin, no formation of 2',3,5-trihydroxybiphenyl. BIS2 exhibits highest affinity for benzoyl-CoA. The turnover rate is slightly higher with salicoyl-CoA ?
-
 ?
2.3.1.177 additional information Malus domestica the enzyme also catalyzes the reaction of EC 2.3.1.208, 4-hydroxycoumarin synthase, with malonyl-CoA and 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA, i.e. salicoyl-CoA, as substrates forming 4-hydroxycoumarin, no formation of 2',3,5-trihydroxybiphenyl. BIS3 exhibits highest affinity for benzoyl-CoA. The turnover rate is slightly higher with salicoyl-CoA ?
-
 ?
2.3.1.177 additional information Malus domestica the enzyme also catalyzes the reaction of EC 2.3.1.208, 4-hydroxycoumarin synthase, with malonyl-CoA and 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA, i.e. salicoyl-CoA, as substrates forming 4-hydroxycoumarin, no formation of 2',3,5-trihydroxybiphenyl. BIS4 exhibits highest affinity for benzoyl-CoA. The turnover rate is slightly higher with salicoyl-CoA ?
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.3.1.177 Malus domestica H2FL89 BIS2; cvs. Holsteiner Cox and Cox Orange, gene MdBIS2
-
2.3.1.177 Malus domestica H2FL90 BIS3; cvs. Holsteiner Cox and Cox Orange, gene MdBIS3
-
2.3.1.177 Malus domestica H2FL91 BIS4; cvs. Holsteiner Cox and Cox Orange, gene MdBIS4
-
2.3.1.177 Malus domestica JQ390521 BIS1; cvs. Holsteiner Cox and Cox Orange, genes MdBIS1
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
2.3.1.177 recombinant N-terminally His6-tagged BIS2, BIS3, and BIS4 from Escherichia coli Malus domestica
2.3.1.177 recombinant N-terminally His6-tagged BIS3 from Escherichia coli Malus domestica
2.3.1.177 recombinant N-terminally His6-tagged BIS4 from Escherichia coli Malus domestica

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
2.3.1.177 leaf
-
 Malus domestica
-
2.3.1.177 leaf very low expression of BIS2 Malus domestica
-
2.3.1.177 shoot Erwinia amylovora infected Malus domestica
-
2.3.1.177 shoot Erwinia amylovora infected, high expression levels of BIS3 Malus domestica
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.3.1.177 3 malonyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA
-
 Malus domestica 4 CoA + 3,5-dihydroxybiphenyl + 4 CO2
-
 ?
2.3.1.177 additional information the enzyme also catalyzes the reaction of EC 2.3.1.208, 4-hydroxycoumarin synthase, with malonyl-CoA and 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA, i.e. salicoyl-CoA, as substrates forming 4-hydroxycoumarin, no formation of 2',3,5-trihydroxybiphenyl. BIS2 exhibits highest affinity for benzoyl-CoA. The turnover rate is slightly higher with salicoyl-CoA Malus domestica ?
-
 ?
2.3.1.177 additional information the enzyme also catalyzes the reaction of EC 2.3.1.208, 4-hydroxycoumarin synthase, with malonyl-CoA and 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA, i.e. salicoyl-CoA, as substrates forming 4-hydroxycoumarin, no formation of 2',3,5-trihydroxybiphenyl. BIS3 exhibits highest affinity for benzoyl-CoA. The turnover rate is slightly higher with salicoyl-CoA Malus domestica ?
-
 ?
2.3.1.177 additional information the enzyme also catalyzes the reaction of EC 2.3.1.208, 4-hydroxycoumarin synthase, with malonyl-CoA and 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA, i.e. salicoyl-CoA, as substrates forming 4-hydroxycoumarin, no formation of 2',3,5-trihydroxybiphenyl. BIS4 exhibits highest affinity for benzoyl-CoA. The turnover rate is slightly higher with salicoyl-CoA Malus domestica ?
-
 ?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
2.3.1.177 ? x * 43000, recombinant His-tagged BIS enzyme, SDS-PAGE Malus domestica

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
2.3.1.177 BIS
-
 Malus domestica
2.3.1.177 BIS2
-
 Malus domestica
2.3.1.177 BIS3
-
 Malus domestica
2.3.1.177 BIS4
-
 Malus domestica

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
2.3.1.177 35 40
-
 Malus domestica

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
2.3.1.177 7 7.5
-
 Malus domestica

Expression

EC Number Organism Comment Expression
2.3.1.177 Malus domestica infection with Erwinia amylovora induces the enzyme up
2.3.1.177 Malus domestica infection with Erwinia amylovora induces the enzyme. In cell cultures of apple cultivar Cox Orange, expression of BIS2 gene is observed after the addition of an autoclaved Erwinia amylovora suspension, BIS3 protein is accumulated in the transition zone of stems in the parenchyma of the bark at the junctions between neighboring cortical parenchyma cells up
2.3.1.177 Malus domestica the BIS3 gene is reduced in response to inoculation with Erwinia amylovora in stems of cv. Holsteiner Cox with highest transcript levels in the transition zone between necrotic and healthy tissues. In cell cultures of apple cultivar Cox Orange, expression of BIS3 gene is observed after the addition of an autoclaved Erwinia amylovora suspension, BIS3 protein is accumulated in the transition zone of stems in the parenchyma of the bark at the junctions between neighboring cortical parenchyma cells up

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
2.3.1.177 evolution biphenyl synthase, BIS, is a type III polyketide synthase Malus domestica
2.3.1.177 physiological function biphenyl synthase is induced by elicitors, e.g. phytopathogen infection. In stems infected with Erwinia amylovora the transition zone between necrotic and healthy tissues is the accumulation site of biphenyl and dibenzofuran phytoalexins and of expression of biphenyl synthase Malus domestica