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Literature summary extracted from
- In Salmonella enterica, the sirtuin-dependent protein acylation/deacylation system (SDPADS) maintains energy homeostasis during growth on low concentrations of acetate (2011), Mol. Microbiol., 80, 168-183.
Protein Variants
| EC Number | Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6.2.1.1 | G266S | random mutagenesis, mutant Km for acetate is 268fold higher than that of the AcsWT enzyme, while kcat is 3fold reduced | Salmonella enterica |
| 6.2.1.1 | G266S | the Acs mutant does not cause growth arrest in contrast to the wild-type enzyme | Salmonella enterica |
| 6.2.1.1 | K609A | random mutagenesis | Salmonella enterica |
| 6.2.1.1 | L641P | random mutagenesis, mutant Km for acetate is higher than that of the AcsWT enzyme, while kcat is reduced | Salmonella enterica |
| 6.2.1.13 | G266S | the Acs mutant does not cause growth arrest in contrast to the wild-type enzyme | Salmonella enterica |
KM Value [mM]
| EC Number | KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.2.1.1 | 4 | 10 | acetate | mutant L641P, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication | Salmonella enterica |  |
| 6.2.1.1 | 41 | - |
acetate | wild-type Acs, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication | Salmonella enterica | |
| 6.2.1.1 | 11000 | - |
acetate | mutant G266S, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication | Salmonella enterica | |
Localization
| EC Number | Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.2.1.1 | mitochondrion | - |
Salmonella enterica | 5739 | - |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.2.1.1 | ATP + acetate + CoA | Salmonella enterica | - |
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA | - |
? | |
| 6.2.1.13 | ATP + acetate + CoA | Salmonella enterica | - |
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA | - |
? | |
Organism
| EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.2.1.1 | Salmonella enterica | - |
gene acs, different strains | - |
| 6.2.1.13 | Salmonella enterica | - |
gene acs | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.2.1.1 | ATP + acetate + CoA | - |
Salmonella enterica | AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA | - |
? | |
| 6.2.1.13 | ATP + acetate + CoA | - |
Salmonella enterica | ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| EC Number | Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6.2.1.1 | acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase | - |
Salmonella enterica |
| 6.2.1.1 | ACS | - |
Salmonella enterica |
| 6.2.1.1 | More | Acs is a member of the broadly distributed AMP-forming acyl-CoA synthetase family of enzymes | Salmonella enterica |
| 6.2.1.13 | acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase | - |
Salmonella enterica |
| 6.2.1.13 | ACS | - |
Salmonella enterica |
Turnover Number [1/s]
| EC Number | Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.2.1.1 | 1500 | - |
acetate | mutant L641P, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication | Salmonella enterica | |
| 6.2.1.1 | 3200 | - |
acetate | mutant G266S, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication | Salmonella enterica | |
| 6.2.1.1 | 9400 | - |
acetate | wild-type Acs, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication | Salmonella enterica | |
Cofactor
| EC Number | Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.2.1.1 | ATP | - |
Salmonella enterica | |
| 6.2.1.13 | ATP | - |
Salmonella enterica | |
General Information
| EC Number | General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6.2.1.1 | malfunction | growth on 10 mM acetate causes an acs+ induction in a Salmonella enterica strain, that cannot acetylate, i.e. inactivate Acs, leads to growth arrest, a condition that correlates with a drop in energy charge in the acetylation-deficient strain, relative to the energy charge in the acetylation-proficient strain. Acs-dependent depletion of ATP, coupled with the rise in AMP levels, prevents the synthesis of ADP needed to replenish the pool of ATP | Salmonella enterica |
| 6.2.1.1 | metabolism | activation of weak organic acids by acyl-CoA synthetases is costly to cells, since it requires 2 mol of ATP per mol of substrate; 1 mol of ATP is consumed to activate the organic acid, while the second mol of ATP is needed to convert AMP to ADP, the immediate precursor of ATP. Further loss of energy resources during the course of the Acs reaction is caused by the hydrolysis of diphosphate to monophosphate through pyrophosphate phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.1 | Salmonella enterica |
| 6.2.1.1 | additional information | growth arrest is caused by elevated Acs activity, while overproduction of ADP-forming Ac-CoA synthesizing systems, EC 6.2.1.13, do not affect the growth behaviour of acetylation-deficient or acetylation-proficient strains, effects of Acs on growth of different strains, also sirtuin-dependent protein acylation/deacylation system-defective strains, overview. Increased CoA biosynthesis partially alleviates the negative effect caused by high Acs activity, regulation, overview | Salmonella enterica |
| 6.2.1.1 | physiological function | acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase activates acetate into acetyl-coenzyme A in most cells. Salmonella enterica requires Acs activity for growth on acetate. The sirtuin-dependent protein acylation/deacylation system, SDPADS, controls the activity of Acs | Salmonella enterica |
| 6.2.1.13 | physiological function | growth arrest is caused by elevated Acs, EC 6.2.1.1, activity, while overproduction of ADP-forming Ac-CoA synthesizing systems do not affect the growth behaviour of acetylation-deficient or acetylation-proficient strains | Salmonella enterica |
kcat/KM [mM/s]
| EC Number | kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] | kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.2.1.1 | 0.29 | - |
acetate | mutant G266S, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication | Salmonella enterica | |
| 6.2.1.1 | 3.6 | - |
acetate | mutant L641P, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication | Salmonella enterica | |
| 6.2.1.1 | 229 | - |
acetate | wild-type Acs, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication | Salmonella enterica | |
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