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Literature summary extracted from

  • Parakkottil Chothi, M.; Duncan, G.; Armirotti, A.; Abergel, C.; Gurnon, J.; Van Etten, J.; Bernardi, C.; Damonte, G.; Tonetti, M.
    Identification of an L-rhamnose synthetic pathway in two nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (2010), J. Virol., 84, 8829-8838.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Activating Compound

EC Number Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
4.2.1.76 NAD+ mimivirus UGD requires exogenous NAD+ for activity during purification Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.1.1.133 gene L780, transcription profiling of UGER, phylogenetic analysis Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.46 gene L780, transcription profiling of UGER, phylogenetic analysis Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.46 gene Z544R, transcription profiling of UGER, phylogenetic analysis Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1
4.2.1.76 gene R141, transcription profiling of UGD, phylogenetic analysis Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.76 gene Z544R, UGD transcription profiling, phylogenetic analysis, expression of the two GST-tagged UGD isozymes in Escherichia coli Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1
5.1.3.13 gene L780, transcription profiling of UGER, phylogenetic analysis Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
4.2.1.76 UDP-L-rhamnose feedback inhibition of UGD, 60% inhibition at 0.1 mM Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.76 UDP-L-rhamnose feedback inhibition of UGD, 50% inhibition at 0.1 mM Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.133 1.83
-
 UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose 25°C, pH 7.5 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.76 0.0184
-
 UDP-D-glucose purified ATCV-1 UGD, pH 7.5, 25°C Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.133 additional information divalent metal ions do not alter activity Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.46 additional information divalent metal ions do not alter activity Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.46 additional information divalent metal ions do not alter activity Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1
5.1.3.13 additional information divalent metal ions do not alter activity Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
1.1.1.133 33000
-
 x * 33000, UGER, SDS-PAGE Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
1.1.1.133 47000
-
 gel filtration Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.46 33000
-
 x * 33000, SDS-PAGE Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.46 39000
-
 x * 39000, SDS-PAGE Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1
4.2.1.46 47000
-
 gel filtration Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.46 75000
-
 gel filtration Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1
4.2.1.76 33000
-
 x * 33000, UGER, SDS-PAGE Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.76 37000
-
 2 * 37000, UGD, SDS-PAGE Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.76 39000
-
 2 * 39000, UGD, SDS-PAGE Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1
4.2.1.76 47000
-
 UGER, gel filtration Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.76 75000
-
 UGD, gel filtration Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1
4.2.1.76 100000
-
 UGD, gel filtration Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
5.1.3.13 33000
-
 x * 33000, SDS-PAGE Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
5.1.3.13 47000
-
 gel filtration Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
4.2.1.76 dTDP-D-glucose Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
-
 dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
-
 ?
4.2.1.76 dTDP-D-glucose Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1
-
 dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
-
 ?
4.2.1.76 UDP-D-glucose Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1
-
 UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
-
 ?
4.2.1.76 UDP-D-glucose Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus UGD proteins prefer UDP-D-glucose as a substrate UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.1.1.133 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus E3VXL5 gene L780
-
4.2.1.46 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus E3VXL5 gene L780
-
4.2.1.46 Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1 A7K9F4
-
-
4.2.1.76 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
-
 gene R141
-
4.2.1.76 Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1
-
 ATCV-1, two UGD isozymes, gene Z544R, propagated in Chlorella strain SAG 3.83
-
5.1.3.13 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus E3VXL5 gene L780
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
4.2.1.76 recombinant GST-tagged isozymes from Escherichia coli by glutathione affinity chromatography Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

EC Number Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
1.1.1.133 0.0011
-
 25°C, pH 7.5 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.76 0.0042
-
 purified UGD, pH 7.5-8.5, 25°C, 0.1 mM NAD+ Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.76 0.023
-
 purified ATCV-1 UGD, pH 7.5, 25°C Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.133 UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose + NADPH + H+
-
 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus UDP-L-rhamnose + NADP+ product identification by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry ?
4.2.1.46 UDP-D-glucose
-
 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
-
 ?
4.2.1.46 UDP-D-glucose
-
 Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1 UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
-
 ?
4.2.1.76 dTDP-D-glucose
-
 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
-
 ?
4.2.1.76 dTDP-D-glucose
-
 Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1 dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
-
 ?
4.2.1.76 dTDP-D-glucose UGD activity with dTDP-D-glucose is less than 10% of that with UDPD-glucose Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1 dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
-
 ?
4.2.1.76 additional information product identification by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus ?
-
 ?
4.2.1.76 additional information product identification by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1 ?
-
 ?
4.2.1.76 UDP-D-glucose
-
 Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1 UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
-
 ?
4.2.1.76 UDP-D-glucose UGD proteins prefer UDP-D-glucose as a substrate Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
-
 ?
4.2.1.76 UDP-D-glucose UGD proteins prefer UDP-D-glucose as a substrate Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1 UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O
-
 ?
5.1.3.13 UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose
-
 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-L-mannose i.e. UDP-4-dehydro-L-rhamnose, product identification by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry ?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
1.1.1.133 monomer or dimer x * 33000, UGER, SDS-PAGE Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.46 dimer x * 39000, SDS-PAGE Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1
4.2.1.46 monomer or dimer x * 33000, SDS-PAGE Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.76 dimer 2 * 37000, UGD, SDS-PAGE Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.76 dimer 2 * 39000, UGD, SDS-PAGE Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1
4.2.1.76 monomer or dimer x * 33000, UGER, SDS-PAGE Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
5.1.3.13 monomer or dimer x * 33000, SDS-PAGE Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.1.1.133 bifunctional UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose epimerase/reductase
-
 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
1.1.1.133 UGER
-
 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.46 UDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase
-
 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.46 UDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase
-
 Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1
4.2.1.46 Ugd
-
 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.46 Ugd
-
 Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1
4.2.1.76 bifunctional UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose epimerase/reductase
-
 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.76 UDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase
-
 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.76 UDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase
-
 Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1
4.2.1.76 Ugd
-
 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.76 Ugd
-
 Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1
4.2.1.76 UGER
-
 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
5.1.3.13 bifunctional UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose epimerase/reductase
-
 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
5.1.3.13 UGER
-
 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
4.2.1.76 25
-
 assay at Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.76 25
-
 assay at Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1

Temperature Stability [°C]

EC Number Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.1.1.133 42
-
 stable for 30 min Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.46 42
-
 stable for 30 min Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.46 42
-
 stable for 30 min Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1
4.2.1.76 20 30 purified UGD, activity decreases above 20°C, complete inactivation after 30 min Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.76 20 30 purified UGD, activity decreases above 20°C, complete inactivation after 30 min Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1
5.1.3.13 42
-
 stable for 30 min Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
1.1.1.133 7.5 8.5
-
 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.46 7.5
-
-
 Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1
4.2.1.46 7.5 8.5
-
 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.76 7.5
-
-
 Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1
4.2.1.76 7.5 8.5 UGD Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
5.1.3.13 7.5 8.5
-
 Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.133 NADPH specific Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.46 NADH specific Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.46 NADH specific Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1
4.2.1.76 NAD+ tightly bound cofactor Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
4.2.1.76 evolution phylogenetic analysis indicates that ATCV-1 has probably acquired its UGD gene via a recent horizontal gene transfer from a green algal host, while an earlier event involving the complete pathway probably occurred between a protozoan ancestor and mimivirus. Chloroviruses, and maybe mimivirus, may encode most, if not all, of the glycosylation machinery involved in the synthesis of specific glycan structures essential for virus replication and infection Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus
4.2.1.76 evolution phylogenetic analysis indicates that ATCV-1 has probably acquired its UGD gene via a recent horizontal gene transfer from a green algal host, while an earlier event involving the complete pathway probably occurred between a protozoan ancestor and mimivirus. While ATCV-1 lacks an epimerase/reductase gene, its Chlorella host may encode this enzyme. Chloroviruses, and maybe mimivirus, may encode most, if not all, of the glycosylation machinery involved in the synthesis of specific glycan structures essential for virus replication and infection Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1