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Literature summary extracted from

  • Muthenna, P.; Suryanarayana, P.; Gunda, S.K.; Petrash, J.M.; Reddy, G.B.
    Inhibition of aldose reductase by dietary antioxidant curcumin: mechanism of inhibition, specificity and significance (2009), FEBS Lett., 583, 3637-3642.
    View publication on PubMed

Application

EC Number Application Comment Organism
1.1.1.21 diagnostics AKR1B10 may have a potential role as a tumor marker Homo sapiens

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.1.1.21 expression of AKR1B10 in Escherichia coli strain BL21, and overexpression of ALR2 in Escherichia coli Homo sapiens

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.21 curcumin inhibits ALR2 in a non-competitive manner, also inhibits AKR1B10, docking analysis and kinetics, overview. Curcumin is able to suppress sorbitol accumulation in human erythrocytes under high glucose conditions Homo sapiens

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.21 0.232
-
 NADPH pH 6.0, 30°C, ALR2 Homo sapiens

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.21 D-glucose + NADPH + H+ Homo sapiens
-
 sorbitol + NADP+
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.1.1.21 Homo sapiens P15121 ALR2 and AKR1B10
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
1.1.1.21 recombinant ALR2 from Escherichia coli, and recombinant AKR1B10 from Escherichia coli strain BL21 by anion exchange and affinity chromatography Homo sapiens

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
1.1.1.21 erythrocyte
-
 Homo sapiens
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.21 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleryl)sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + NADPH + H+ ALR2 Homo sapiens ? + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.21 D-glucose + NADPH + H+
-
 Homo sapiens sorbitol + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.21 D-glucose + NADPH + H+ ALR2 Homo sapiens sorbitol + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.21 DL-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+ AKR1B10 Homo sapiens DL-glycerol + NADP+
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.1.1.21 AKR1B1
-
 Homo sapiens
1.1.1.21 AKR1B10
-
 Homo sapiens
1.1.1.21 aldose reductase
-
 Homo sapiens
1.1.1.21 ALR2
-
 Homo sapiens
1.1.1.21 More aldose reductase, ALR2 or AKR1B1, and AKR1B10, an aldehyde reductase, belong to aldo-keto reductase, AKR, superfamily Homo sapiens

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.1.1.21 30
-
 ALR2 assay at Homo sapiens
1.1.1.21 37
-
 AKR1B10 assay at Homo sapiens

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
1.1.1.21 6
-
 ALR2 assay at Homo sapiens
1.1.1.21 7
-
 AKR1B10 assay at Homo sapiens

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.21 NADPH
-
 Homo sapiens

IC50 Value

EC Number IC50 Value IC50 Value Maximum Comment Organism Inhibitor Structure
1.1.1.21 0.01
-
 pH 6.0, 30°C, ALR2 Homo sapiens curcumin
1.1.1.21 0.03
-
 pH 7.0, 37°C, AKR1B10 Homo sapiens curcumin

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
1.1.1.21 metabolism ALR2 is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the polyol pathway and reduces glucose to sorbitol utilizing NADPH as a cofactor. Sorbitol is then metabolized to fructose by sorbitol dehydrogenase Homo sapiens