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Literature summary extracted from

  • Todoroki, Y.; Kobayashi, K.; Shirakura, M.; Aoyama, H.; Takatori, K.; Nimitkeatkai, H.; Jin, M.H.; Hiramatsu, S.; Ueno, K.; Kondo, S.; Mizutani, M.; Hirai, N.
    Abscinazole-F1, a conformationally restricted analogue of the plant growth retardant uniconazole and an inhibitor of ABA 8-hydroxylase CYP707A with no growth-retardant effect (2009), Bioorg. Med. Chem., 17, 6620-6630.
    View publication on PubMed

Application

EC Number Application Comment Organism
1.14.14.137 agriculture introduction of drought tolerance in apple seedlings, the 3R-isomer of the abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase inhibitor abscinazole-F1 (3R-(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol) has no growth-retardant effect on apple seedlings but induces stomatal closure and drought tolerance during dehydration at concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 microM (spray treatment) Malus sylvestris

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.14.14.137 recombinant truncated Arabidopsis enzyme (707A3d28, lack of putative membrane spanning segment at N-terminus), expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 truncated CYP707A3 (707A3d28), which lacks the putative membrane-spanning segment of the N-terminus, residues 3-28, coexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 with Arabidopsis P450 reductase Arabidopsis thaliana

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.14.14.137 (1E,3R)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol 27% inhibition of recombinant enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 (1E,3R)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol 27% inhibition of recombinant Arabidopsis enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Oryza sativa
1.14.14.137 (1E,3S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol 10% inhibition of recombinant enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 (1E,3S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol 10% inhibition of recombinant Arabidopsis enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Oryza sativa
1.14.14.137 (E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol 14% inhibition of recombinant enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor; inhibitory activity is much weaker than that of S-UNI Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 (E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol 14% inhibition of recombinant Arabidopsis enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Oryza sativa
1.14.14.137 (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8(6H)-one 35% inhibition of recombinant enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8(6H)-one 35% inhibition of recombinant Arabidopsis enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Oryza sativa
1.14.14.137 (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-5H-imidazo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8(6H)-one 52% inhibition of recombinant enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-5H-imidazo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8(6H)-one 52% inhibition of recombinant Arabidopsis enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Oryza sativa
1.14.14.137 (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-5Himidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8(6H)-one
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-5Himidazo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8(6H)-one
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol abscinazole-F1, 91% inhibition of recombinant enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor; abscinazole-F1, more than 50% inhibition at 0.01 mM, competitive inhibitor, is the most specific inhibitor against ABA 8'-hydroxylase, although it is not the strongest Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol abscinazole-F1, 91% inhibition of recombinant enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Malus sylvestris
1.14.14.137 (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol abscinazole-F1, 91% inhibition of recombinant Arabidopsis enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Oryza sativa
1.14.14.137 (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine 13% inhibition of recombinant enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine 13% inhibition of recombinant Arabidopsis enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Oryza sativa
1.14.14.137 (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazine 100% inhibition of recombinant enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor; competitive inhibitor Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazine 100% inhibition of recombinant Arabidopsis enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Oryza sativa
1.14.14.137 (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol 69% inhibition of recombinant enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor; more than 50% inhibition at 0.01 mM Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol 69% inhibition of recombinant Arabidopsis enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Oryza sativa
1.14.14.137 (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazine 31% inhibition of recombinant enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazine 31% inhibition of recombinant Arabidopsis enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Oryza sativa
1.14.14.137 3R-(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol abscinazole-F1, 95% inhibition of recombinant enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 3R-(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol abscinazole-F1, 95% inhibition of recombinant enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Malus sylvestris
1.14.14.137 3R-(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol abscinazole-F1, 95% inhibition of recombinant Arabidopsis enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Oryza sativa
1.14.14.137 3S-(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol abscinazole-F1, 96% inhibition of recombinant enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 3S-(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol abscinazole-F1, 96% inhibition of recombinant enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Malus sylvestris
1.14.14.137 3S-(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol abscinazole-F1, 96% inhibition of recombinant Arabidopsis enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Oryza sativa
1.14.14.137 R-(+)-E-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazo-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol R-(+)-uniconazole, 79% inhibition of recombinant enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 R-(+)-E-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazo-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol R-(+)-uniconazole, 79% inhibition of recombinant Arabidopsis enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Oryza sativa
1.14.14.137 R-(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazine 87% inhibition of recombinant enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 R-(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazine 87% inhibition of recombinant Arabidopsis enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Oryza sativa
1.14.14.137 S-(+)-E-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazo-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol S-(+)-uniconazole, 100% inhibition of recombinant enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 S-(+)-E-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazo-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol S-(+)-uniconazole, 100% inhibition of recombinant Arabidopsis enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Malus sylvestris
1.14.14.137 S-(+)-E-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazo-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol S-(+)-uniconazole, 100% inhibition of recombinant Arabidopsis enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Oryza sativa
1.14.14.137 S-(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazine 100% inhibition of recombinant enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 S-(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazine 100% inhibition of recombinant Arabidopsis enzyme with 10 microM inhibitor Oryza sativa
1.14.14.137 uniconazole
-
Arabidopsis thaliana

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.14.14.137 0.0034
-
(+)-abscisic acid 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.25, 50 microM NADPH, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
1.14.14.137 microsome
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.14.14.137 S-(+)-abscisic acid + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2 Arabidopsis thaliana
-
8'-hydroxyabscisic acid + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
?
1.14.14.137 S-(+)-abscisic acid + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2 Oryza sativa
-
8'-hydroxyabscisic acid + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
?
1.14.14.137 S-(+)-abscisic acid + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2 Malus sylvestris
-
8'-hydroxyabscisic acid + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.14.14.137 Arabidopsis thaliana
-
-
-
1.14.14.137 Arabidopsis thaliana
-
enzyme from recombinant Escherichia coli
-
1.14.14.137 Malus sylvestris
-
apple variant domestica, 90 days old seedlings
-
1.14.14.137 Oryza sativa
-
rice cultivar Nipponbare, length of second leaf sheath of 7 days old seedlings grown in test solution
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
1.14.14.137 recombinant enzyme production is induced, cells centrifuged, pellets resuspended in buffer A (50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.25, 20% glycerol, 1 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM dithiothreitol), sonicated, centrifuged, supernatants collected Arabidopsis thaliana

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.14.14.137 (+)-S-abscisate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
-
Arabidopsis thaliana 8'-hydroxyabscisate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
?
1.14.14.137 S-(+)-abscisic acid + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
-
Arabidopsis thaliana 8'-hydroxyabscisic acid + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
?
1.14.14.137 S-(+)-abscisic acid + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
-
Oryza sativa 8'-hydroxyabscisic acid + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
?
1.14.14.137 S-(+)-abscisic acid + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
-
Malus sylvestris 8'-hydroxyabscisic acid + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
?
1.14.14.137 S-(+)-abscisic acid + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
-
Arabidopsis thaliana 8'-hydroxyabscisic acid + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O for inhibitor studies the decrease in production of phaseic acid is measured ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.14.14.137 ABA 8'-hydroxylase
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 ABA 8'-hydroxylase
-
Oryza sativa
1.14.14.137 ABA 8'-hydroxylase
-
Malus sylvestris
1.14.14.137 abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase
-
Oryza sativa
1.14.14.137 abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase
-
Malus sylvestris
1.14.14.137 CYP707A
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 CYP707A3
-
Arabidopsis thaliana

Ki Value [mM]

EC Number Ki Value [mM] Ki Value maximum [mM] Inhibitor Comment Organism Structure
1.14.14.137 0.00001
-
S-(+)-E-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazo-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol 10 microM inhibitor in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.25, 50 microM NADPH, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 0.00016
-
S-(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazine 10 microM inhibitor in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.25, 50 microM NADPH, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 0.00042
-
3R-(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol 10 microM inhibitor in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.25, 50 microM NADPH, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 0.00042
-
(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol 3R-enantiomer, pH 7.25, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 0.00052
-
(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-5H-imidazo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8(6H)-one 10 microM inhibitor in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.25, 50 microM NADPH, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 0.00097
-
3S-(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol 10 microM inhibitor in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.25, 50 microM NADPH, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 0.00097
-
(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol 3S-enantiomer, pH 7.25, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 0.00145
-
R-(+)-E-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazo-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol 10 microM inhibitor in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.25, 50 microM NADPH, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana

IC50 Value

EC Number IC50 Value IC50 Value Maximum Comment Organism Inhibitor Structure
1.14.14.137 additional information
-
3R-isomer abscinazole-F1 (3R-(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol) has no growth-retardant effect on apple seedlings but induces stomatal closure and drought tolerance during dehydration at concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 microM (spray treatment) in contrast to uniconazole (S-(+)-E-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazo-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol) which has growth-retardant effects Malus sylvestris additional information
1.14.14.137 additional information
-
no inhibition of rice seedling growth (second leaf sheath length) with (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-5Himidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8(6H)-one, (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol, 3S-(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol, 3R-(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol Oryza sativa additional information
1.14.14.137 0.00018
-
rice seedling, growth of second leaf sheath after 7 days in inhibitor medium Oryza sativa S-(+)-E-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazo-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol
1.14.14.137 0.0013
-
rice seedling, growth of second leaf sheath after 7 days in inhibitor medium Oryza sativa (1E,3S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol
1.14.14.137 0.0023
-
rice seedling, growth of second leaf sheath after 7 days in inhibitor medium Oryza sativa (E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol
1.14.14.137 0.0032
-
rice seedling, growth of second leaf sheath after 7 days in inhibitor medium Oryza sativa (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol
1.14.14.137 0.0078
-
rice seedling, growth of second leaf sheath after 7 days in inhibitor medium Oryza sativa R-(+)-E-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazo-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol
1.14.14.137 0.0082
-
rice seedling, growth of second leaf sheath after 7 days in inhibitor medium Oryza sativa S-(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazine
1.14.14.137 0.009
-
rice seedling, growth of second leaf sheath after 7 days in inhibitor medium Oryza sativa (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazine
1.14.14.137 0.012
-
rice seedling, growth of second leaf sheath after 7 days in inhibitor medium Oryza sativa R-(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazine
1.14.14.137 0.028
-
rice seedling, growth of second leaf sheath after 7 days in inhibitor medium Oryza sativa (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine
1.14.14.137 0.046
-
rice seedling, growth of second leaf sheath after 7 days in inhibitor medium Oryza sativa (1E,3R)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol
1.14.14.137 0.058
-
rice seedling, growth of second leaf sheath after 7 days in inhibitor medium Oryza sativa (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine
1.14.14.137 0.078
-
rice seedling, growth of second leaf sheath after 7 days in inhibitor medium Oryza sativa (E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazine

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
1.14.14.137 metabolism key enzyme in the catabolism of abscisic acid (plant hormone involved in stress tolerance, seed dormancy, and other physiological events) Arabidopsis thaliana
1.14.14.137 metabolism key enzyme in the catabolism of abscisic acid (plant hormone involved in stress tolerance, seed dormancy, and other physiological events) Oryza sativa
1.14.14.137 metabolism key enzyme in the catabolism of abscisic acid (plant hormone involved in stress tolerance, seed dormancy, and other physiological events) Malus sylvestris