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Literature summary extracted from
- Tyrosinase inhibitors from natural and synthetic sources: structure, inhibition mechanism and perspective for the future (2005), Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 62, 1707-1723.
Application
| EC Number | Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.10.3.1 | drug development | the enzyme is a target for development of specific inhibitors to avoid unfavorable enzymatic browning of plant-derived foods by tyrosinase causing decrease in nutritional quality and economic loss of food products | Beta vulgaris |
| 1.10.3.1 | nutrition | the enzyme is a target for development of specific inhibitors to avoid unfavorable enzymatic browning of plant-derived foods by tyrosinase causing decrease in nutritional quality and economic loss of food products | Beta vulgaris |
| 1.14.18.1 | drug development | the enzyme is a target for development of specific inhibitors to avoid unfavorable enzymatic browning of plant-derived foods by tyrosinase causing decrease in nutritional quality and economic loss of food products | Beta vulgaris |
| 1.14.18.1 | nutrition | the enzyme is a target for development of specific inhibitors to avoid unfavorable enzymatic browning of plant-derived foods by tyrosinase causing decrease in nutritional quality and economic loss of food products | Beta vulgaris |
Inhibitors
| EC Number | Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.10.3.1 | (-)-epigallocatechin | - |
Agaricus bisporus |  |
| 1.10.3.1 | (-)-epigallocatechin | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | (-)-epigallocatechin | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | (-)-epigallocatechin | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | (-)-epigallocatechin | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | (R)-HTCCA | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | (R)-HTCCA | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | (R)-HTCCA | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | (R)-HTCCA | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | (R)-HTCCA | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | (S)-HTCCA | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | (S)-HTCCA | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | (S)-HTCCA | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | (S)-HTCCA | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | (S)-HTCCA | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 4-hexylresorcinol | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 4-hexylresorcinol | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 4-hexylresorcinol | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 4-hexylresorcinol | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 4-hexylresorcinol | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | aloesin | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | aloesin | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | aloesin | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | aloesin | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | aloesin | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | Anisaldehyde | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.320 mM | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | Anisaldehyde | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.320 mM | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | Anisaldehyde | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.320 mM | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | Anisaldehyde | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.320 mM | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | Anisaldehyde | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.320 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | ascorbic acid | inhibition of tyrosinase-catalyzed enzymatic browning by trapping the dopaquinone intermediate with cysteine or ascorbic acid, overview | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | azelaic acid | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | azelaic acid | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | azelaic acid | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | azelaic acid | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | azelaic acid | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | captopril | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | captopril | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | captopril | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | captopril | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | captopril | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | cinnamaldehyde | noncompetitive, 0.980 mM | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | cinnamaldehyde | noncompetitive, 0.980 mM | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | cinnamaldehyde | noncompetitive, 0.980 mM | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | cinnamaldehyde | noncompetitive, 0.980 mM | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | cinnamaldehyde | noncompetitive, 0.980 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | cuminaldehyde | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.050 mM | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | cuminaldehyde | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.050 mM | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | cuminaldehyde | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.050 mM | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | cuminaldehyde | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.050 mM | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | cuminaldehyde | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.050 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | Cupferron | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | Cupferron | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | Cupferron | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | Cupferron | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | Cupferron | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | cysteine | inhibition of tyrosinase-catalyzed enzymatic browning by trapping the dopaquinone intermediate with cysteine or ascorbic acid, overview | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | davanol | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | davanol | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | davanol | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | davanol | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | davanol | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | decahydro-2-naphthyl gallate | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | decahydro-2-naphthyl gallate | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | decahydro-2-naphthyl gallate | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | decahydro-2-naphthyl gallate | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | decahydro-2-naphthyl gallate | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | dopastin | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | dopastin | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | dopastin | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | dopastin | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | dopastin | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | geranyl gallate | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | geranyl gallate | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | geranyl gallate | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | geranyl gallate | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | geranyl gallate | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | glabrene | mixed-type, IC50: 7.600 mM | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | glabrene | mixed-type, IC50: 7.600 mM | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | glabrene | mixed-type, IC50: 7.600 mM | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | glabrene | mixed-type, IC50: 7.600 mM | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | glabrene | mixed-type, IC50: 7.600 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | glabridin | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.004 mM | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | glabridin | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.004 mM | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | glabridin | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.004 mM | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | glabridin | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.004 mM | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | glabridin | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.004 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | isoliquiritigenin | mixed-type, IC50: 0.047 | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | isoliquiritigenin | mixed-type, IC50: 0.047 | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | isoliquiritigenin | mixed-type, IC50: 0.047 | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | isoliquiritigenin | mixed-type, IC50: 0.047 | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | isoliquiritigenin | mixed-type, IC50: 0.047 | Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | kaempferol | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | kaempferol | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | kaempferol | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | kaempferol | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | kaempferol | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | kojic acid | mixed-type, IC50: 0.014 mM | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | kojic acid | mixed-type, IC50: 0.014 mM | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | kojic acid | mixed-type, IC50: 0.014 mM | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | kojic acid | mixed-type, IC50: 0.014 mM | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | kojic acid | mixed-type, IC50: 0.014 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | L-mimosine | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | L-mimosine | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | L-mimosine | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | L-mimosine | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | L-mimosine | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | luteolin | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.190 mM | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | luteolin | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.190 mM | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | luteolin | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.190 mM | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | luteolin | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.190 mM | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | luteolin | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.190 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | luteolin 7-O-glucoside | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.500 mM | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | luteolin 7-O-glucoside | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.500 mM | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | luteolin 7-O-glucoside | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.500 mM | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | luteolin 7-O-glucoside | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.500 mM | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | luteolin 7-O-glucoside | noncompetitive, IC50: 0.500 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | Methimazole | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | Methimazole | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | Methimazole | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | Methimazole | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | Methimazole | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | additional information | structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | additional information | structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | additional information | melanin plays a crucial protective role against skin photocarcinogenesis, however, the production of abnormal melanin pigmentation is a serious esthetic problem in humans, melanin biosynthesis can be inhibited by avoiding UV exposure, the inhibition of tyrosinase, the inhibition of melanocyte metabolism and proliferation, or the removal of melanin with corneal ablation, overview, structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | additional information | structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | additional information | structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview | Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | morin | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | morin | competitive, IC50: 2.320 mM | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | morin | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | morin | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | morin | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | quercetin | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | quercetin | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | quercetin | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | quercetin | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | quercetin | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | tropolone | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | tropolone | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | tropolone | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | tropolone | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | tropolone | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | (-)-epigallocatechin | competitive, IC50: 0.035 mM | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | (-)-epigallocatechin | competitive, IC50: 0.035 mM | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | (-)-epigallocatechin | competitive, IC50: 0.035 mM | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | (-)-epigallocatechin | competitive, IC50: 0.035 mM | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | (-)-epigallocatechin | competitive, IC50: 0.035 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate | competitive, IC50: 0.034 mM | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate | competitive, IC50: 0.034 mM | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate | competitive, IC50: 0.034 mM | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate | competitive, IC50: 0.034 mM | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate | competitive, IC50: 0.034 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | (R)-HTCCA | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | (R)-HTCCA | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | (R)-HTCCA | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | (R)-HTCCA | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | (R)-HTCCA | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | (S)-HTCCA | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | (S)-HTCCA | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | (S)-HTCCA | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | (S)-HTCCA | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | (S)-HTCCA | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 4-hexylresorcinol | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 4-hexylresorcinol | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 4-hexylresorcinol | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 4-hexylresorcinol | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 4-hexylresorcinol | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | aloesin | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | aloesin | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | aloesin | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | aloesin | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | aloesin | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | Anisaldehyde | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | Anisaldehyde | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | Anisaldehyde | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | Anisaldehyde | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | Anisaldehyde | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | ascorbic acid | inhibition of tyrosinase-catalyzed enzymatic browning by trapping the dopaquinone intermediate with cysteine or ascorbic acid, overview | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | azelaic acid | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | azelaic acid | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | azelaic acid | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | azelaic acid | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | azelaic acid | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | captopril | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | captopril | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | captopril | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | captopril | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | captopril | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | cinnamaldehyde | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | cinnamaldehyde | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | cinnamaldehyde | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | cinnamaldehyde | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | cinnamaldehyde | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | cuminaldehyde | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | cuminaldehyde | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | cuminaldehyde | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | cuminaldehyde | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | cuminaldehyde | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | Cupferron | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | Cupferron | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | Cupferron | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | Cupferron | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | Cupferron | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | cysteine | inhibition of tyrosinase-catalyzed enzymatic browning by trapping the dopaquinone intermediate with cysteine or ascorbic acid, overview | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | davanol | competitive, IC50: 0.017 mM | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | davanol | competitive, IC50: 0.017 mM | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | davanol | competitive, IC50: 0.017 mM | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | davanol | competitive, IC50: 0.017 mM | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | davanol | competitive, IC50: 0.017 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | decahydro-2-naphthyl gallate | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | decahydro-2-naphthyl gallate | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | decahydro-2-naphthyl gallate | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | decahydro-2-naphthyl gallate | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | decahydro-2-naphthyl gallate | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | dopastin | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | dopastin | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | dopastin | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | dopastin | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | dopastin | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | geranyl gallate | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | geranyl gallate | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | geranyl gallate | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | geranyl gallate | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | geranyl gallate | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | glabrene | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | glabrene | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | glabrene | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | glabrene | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | glabrene | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | glabridin | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | glabridin | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | glabridin | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | glabridin | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | glabridin | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | isoliquiritigenin | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | isoliquiritigenin | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | isoliquiritigenin | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | isoliquiritigenin | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | isoliquiritigenin | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | kaempferol | competitive, IC50: 0.230 | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | kaempferol | competitive, IC50: 0.230 | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | kaempferol | competitive, IC50: 0.230 | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | kaempferol | competitive, IC50: 0.230 | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | kaempferol | competitive, IC50: 0.230 | Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | kojic acid | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | kojic acid | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | kojic acid | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | kojic acid | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | kojic acid | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-mimosine | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-mimosine | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-mimosine | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-mimosine | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-mimosine | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | luteolin | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | luteolin | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | luteolin | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | luteolin | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | luteolin | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | luteolin 7-O-glucoside | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | luteolin 7-O-glucoside | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | luteolin 7-O-glucoside | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | luteolin 7-O-glucoside | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | luteolin 7-O-glucoside | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | Methimazole | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | Methimazole | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | Methimazole | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | Methimazole | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | Methimazole | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | additional information | structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | additional information | structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | additional information | melanin plays a crucial protective role against skin photocarcinogenesis, however, the production of abnormal melanin pigmentation is a serious esthetic problem in humans, melanin biosynthesis can be inhibited by avoiding UV exposure, the inhibition of tyrosinase, the inhibition of melanocyte metabolism and proliferation, or the removal of melanin with corneal ablation, overview, structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | additional information | structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | additional information | structure, application and importance of inhibitors, overview | Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | morin | competitive, IC50: 2.320 mM | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | morin | competitive, IC50: 2.320 mM | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | morin | competitive, IC50: 2.320 mM | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | morin | competitive, IC50: 2.320 mM | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | morin | competitive, IC50: 2.320 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | quercetin | competitive, IC50: 0.070 mM | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | quercetin | competitive, IC50: 0.070 mM | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | quercetin | competitive, IC50: 0.070 mM | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | quercetin | competitive, IC50: 0.070 mM | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | quercetin | competitive, IC50: 0.070 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | tropolone | - |
Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | tropolone | - |
Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | tropolone | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | tropolone | - |
Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | tropolone | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | |
Localization
| EC Number | Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.10.3.1 | membrane | bound | Homo sapiens | 16020 | - |
| 1.14.18.1 | membrane | bound | Homo sapiens | 16020 | - |
Metals/Ions
| EC Number | Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.10.3.1 | Cu2+ | bound to the enzyme, presently available for any tyrosinases, the central domain contains two copper binding sites, mettyrosinase, the resting form of tyrosinase, contains two tetragonal Cu(II) ions antiferromagnetically coupled through an endogenous bridge, although hydroxide exogenous ligands other than peroxide are bound to the copper site, the exogenous oxygen molecule is bound as peroxide and bridges the two copper centers | Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | Cu2+ | bound to the enzyme, the central domain contains two copper binding sites, mettyrosinase, the resting form of tyrosinase, contains two tetragonal Cu(II) ions antiferromagnetically coupled through an endogenous bridge, although hydroxide exogenous ligands other than peroxide are bound to the copper site, the exogenous oxygen molecule is bound as peroxide and bridges the two copper centers | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | Cu2+ | bound to the enzyme, the central domain contains two copper binding sites, mettyrosinase, the resting form of tyrosinase, contains two tetragonal Cu(II) ions antiferromagnetically coupled through an endogenous bridge, although hydroxide exogenous ligands other than peroxide are bound to the copper site, the exogenous oxygen molecule is bound as peroxide and bridges the two copper centers | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | Cu2+ | bound to the enzyme, the central domain contains two copper binding sites, mettyrosinase, the resting form of tyrosinase, contains two tetragonal Cu(II) ions antiferromagnetically coupled through an endogenous bridge, although hydroxide exogenous ligands other than peroxide are bound to the copper site, the exogenous oxygen molecule is bound as peroxide and bridges the two copper centers | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | Cu2+ | bound to the enzyme, the central domain contains two copper binding sites, mettyrosinase, the resting form of tyrosinase, contains two tetragonal Cu(II) ions antiferromagnetically coupled through an endogenous bridge, although hydroxide exogenous ligands other than peroxide are bound to the copper site, the exogenous oxygen molecule is bound as peroxide and bridges the two copper centers | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | H2O2 | the exogenous oxygen molecule is bound as peroxide and bridges the two copper centers, conferring a distinct O2-Cu(II) charge transfer | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | H2O2 | the exogenous oxygen molecule is bound as peroxide and bridges the two copper centers, conferring a distinct O2-Cu(II) charge transfer | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | H2O2 | the exogenous oxygen molecule is bound as peroxide and bridges the two copper centers, conferring a distinct O2-Cu(II) charge transfer | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | H2O2 | the exogenous oxygen molecule is bound as peroxide and bridges the two copper centers, conferring a distinct O2-Cu(II) charge transfer | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | H2O2 | the exogenous oxygen molecule is bound as peroxide and bridges the two copper centers, conferring a distinct O2-Cu(II) charge transfer | Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | Cu2+ | bound to the enzyme, presently available for any tyrosinases, the central domain contains two copper binding sites, mettyrosinase, the resting form of tyrosinase, contains two tetragonal Cu(II) ions antiferromagnetically coupled through an endogenous bridge, although hydroxide exogenous ligands other than peroxide are bound to the copper site, the exogenous oxygen molecule is bound as peroxide and bridges the two copper centers | Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | Cu2+ | bound to the enzyme, the central domain contains two copper binding sites, mettyrosinase, the resting form of tyrosinase, contains two tetragonal Cu(II) ions antiferromagnetically coupled through an endogenous bridge, although hydroxide exogenous ligands other than peroxide are bound to the copper site, the exogenous oxygen molecule is bound as peroxide and bridges the two copper centers | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | Cu2+ | bound to the enzyme, the central domain contains two copper binding sites, mettyrosinase, the resting form of tyrosinase, contains two tetragonal Cu(II) ions antiferromagnetically coupled through an endogenous bridge, although hydroxide exogenous ligands other than peroxide are bound to the copper site, the exogenous oxygen molecule is bound as peroxide and bridges the two copper centers | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | Cu2+ | bound to the enzyme, the central domain contains two copper binding sites, mettyrosinase, the resting form of tyrosinase, contains two tetragonal Cu(II) ions antiferromagnetically coupled through an endogenous bridge, although hydroxide exogenous ligands other than peroxide are bound to the copper site, the exogenous oxygen molecule is bound as peroxide and bridges the two copper centers | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | Cu2+ | bound to the enzyme, the central domain contains two copper binding sites, mettyrosinase, the resting form of tyrosinase, contains two tetragonal Cu(II) ions antiferromagnetically coupled through an endogenous bridge, although hydroxide exogenous ligands other than peroxide are bound to the copper site, the exogenous oxygen molecule is bound as peroxide and bridges the two copper centers | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | H2O2 | the exogenous oxygen molecule is bound as peroxide and bridges the two copper centers, conferring a distinct O2-Cu(II) charge transfer | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | H2O2 | the exogenous oxygen molecule is bound as peroxide and bridges the two copper centers, conferring a distinct O2-Cu(II) charge transfer | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | H2O2 | the exogenous oxygen molecule is bound as peroxide and bridges the two copper centers, conferring a distinct O2-Cu(II) charge transfer | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | H2O2 | the exogenous oxygen molecule is bound as peroxide and bridges the two copper centers, conferring a distinct O2-Cu(II) charge transfer | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | H2O2 | the exogenous oxygen molecule is bound as peroxide and bridges the two copper centers, conferring a distinct O2-Æ Cu(II) charge transfer | Streptomyces glaucescens | |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| EC Number | Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.10.3.1 | 30900 | - |
1 * 30900 | Streptomyces glaucescens |
| 1.10.3.1 | 40000 | - |
1 * 40000 | Beta vulgaris |
| 1.10.3.1 | 43000 | - |
2 * 134000 + 2 * 43000, alpha2beta2 subunit composition | Agaricus bisporus |
| 1.10.3.1 | 46000 | - |
1 * 46000 | Neurospora crassa |
| 1.10.3.1 | 66700 | - |
1 * 66700 | Homo sapiens |
| 1.10.3.1 | 134000 | - |
2 * 134000 + 2 * 43000, alpha2beta2 subunit composition | Agaricus bisporus |
| 1.14.18.1 | 30900 | - |
1 * 30900 | Streptomyces glaucescens |
| 1.14.18.1 | 40000 | - |
1 * 40000 | Beta vulgaris |
| 1.14.18.1 | 43000 | - |
2 * 134000 + 2 * 43000, alpha2beta2 subunit composition | Agaricus bisporus |
| 1.14.18.1 | 46000 | - |
1 * 46000 | Neurospora crassa |
| 1.14.18.1 | 66700 | - |
1 * 66700 | Homo sapiens |
| 1.14.18.1 | 134000 | - |
2 * 134000 + 2 * 43000, alpha2beta2 subunit composition | Agaricus bisporus |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.10.3.1 | 3,4,5-trihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + O2 | Homo sapiens | cytotoxicity of TOPA | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | chlorogenic acid + O2 | Beta vulgaris | formation of a highly reactive o-quinone intermediate which then could interact with NH2 groups of lysine, SCH3 groups of methionines and indole rings of tryptophan in nucleophilic addition and in polymerization reactions, the so-called browning and greening reactions | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | Beta vulgaris | - |
L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | Neurospora crassa | - |
L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | Agaricus bisporus | - |
L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | Streptomyces glaucescens | - |
L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | Homo sapiens | pathway of melanin biosynthesis, detailed overview | L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | cytotoxicity of L-DOPA | ? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | additional information | Homo sapiens | tyrosinase is known to be a key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, involved in determining the color of mammalian skin and hair, various dermatological disorders, such as melasma, age spots and sites of actinic damage, arise from the accumulation of an excessive level of epidermal pigmentation | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 3,4,5-trihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + O2 | Homo sapiens | cytotoxicity of TOPA | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | chlorogenic acid + O2 | Beta vulgaris | formation of a highly reactive o-quinone intermediate which then can interact with NH2 groups of lysine, SCH3 groups of methionines and indole rings of tryptophan in nucleophilic addition and in polymerization reactions, the so-called browning and greening reactions | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | Beta vulgaris | - |
L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | Neurospora crassa | - |
L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | Agaricus bisporus | - |
L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | Streptomyces glaucescens | - |
L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | Homo sapiens | pathway of melanin biosynthesis, detailed overview | L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | cytotoxicity of L-DOPA | ? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | additional information | Homo sapiens | tyrosinase is known to be a key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, involved in determining the color of mammalian skin and hair, various dermatological disorders, such as melasma, age spots and sites of actinic damage, arise from the accumulation of an excessive level of epidermal pigmentation | ? | - |
? | |
Organism
| EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.10.3.1 | Agaricus bisporus | - |
- |
- |
| 1.10.3.1 | Beta vulgaris | - |
spinach-beet | - |
| 1.10.3.1 | Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
| 1.10.3.1 | Neurospora crassa | - |
- |
- |
| 1.10.3.1 | Streptomyces glaucescens | - |
- |
- |
| 1.14.18.1 | Agaricus bisporus | - |
- |
- |
| 1.14.18.1 | Beta vulgaris | - |
spinach-beet | - |
| 1.14.18.1 | Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
| 1.14.18.1 | Neurospora crassa | - |
- |
- |
| 1.14.18.1 | Streptomyces glaucescens | - |
- |
- |
Posttranslational Modification
| EC Number | Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.10.3.1 | glycoprotein | 13% carbohydrate | Homo sapiens |
| 1.14.18.1 | glycoprotein | 13% carbohydrate | Homo sapiens |
Reaction
| EC Number | Reaction | Comment | Organism | Reaction ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.14.18.1 | L-tyrosine + O2 = dopaquinone + H2O | catalytic cycle, reaction mechanism, active site structure | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-tyrosine + O2 = dopaquinone + H2O | catalytic cycle, reaction mechanism, active site structure | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-tyrosine + O2 = dopaquinone + H2O | catalytic cycle, reaction mechanism, active site structure | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-tyrosine + O2 = dopaquinone + H2O | catalytic cycle, reaction mechanism, active site structure | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-tyrosine + O2 = dopaquinone + H2O | catalytic cycle, reaction mechanism, active site structure | Streptomyces glaucescens |
Source Tissue
| EC Number | Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.10.3.1 | melanocyte | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 1.14.18.1 | melanocyte | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.10.3.1 | 3,4,5-trihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + O2 | cytotoxicity of TOPA | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 3,4,5-trihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + O2 | i.e. TOPA | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | chlorogenic acid + O2 | formation of a highly reactive o-quinone intermediate which then could interact with NH2 groups of lysine, SCH3 groups of methionines and indole rings of tryptophan in nucleophilic addition and in polymerization reactions, the so-called browning and greening reactions | Beta vulgaris | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | chlorogenic acid + O2 | formation of a highly reactive o-quinone intermediate | Beta vulgaris | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | - |
Beta vulgaris | L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | - |
Neurospora crassa | L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | - |
Agaricus bisporus | L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | - |
Beta vulgaris | L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | o-dopaquinone is unstable in aqueous solution and rapidly suffers a non-enzymatic cyclization to leukodopachrome | ? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | - |
Homo sapiens | L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | o-dopaquinone is unstable in aqueous solution and rapidly suffers a non-enzymatic cyclization to leukodopachrome | ? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | - |
Neurospora crassa | L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | o-dopaquinone is unstable in aqueous solution and rapidly suffers a non-enzymatic cyclization to leukodopachrome | ? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | - |
Agaricus bisporus | L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | o-dopaquinone is unstable in aqueous solution and rapidly suffers a non-enzymatic cyclization to leukodopachrome | ? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | o-dopaquinone is unstable in aqueous solution and rapidly suffers a non-enzymatic cyclization to leukodopachrome | ? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | pathway of melanin biosynthesis, detailed overview | Homo sapiens | L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | cytotoxicity of L-DOPA | ? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | additional information | tyrosinase is known to be a key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, involved in determining the color of mammalian skin and hair, various dermatological disorders, such as melasma, age spots and sites of actinic damage, arise from the accumulation of an excessive level of epidermal pigmentation | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | additional information | tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme that catalyzes two distinct reactions of melanin synthesis: the hydroxylation of tyrosine by monophenolase action and the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) to o-dopaquinone by diphenolase action | Beta vulgaris | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | additional information | tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme that catalyzes two distinct reactions of melanin synthesis: the hydroxylation of tyrosine by monophenolase action and the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) to o-dopaquinone by diphenolase action | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | additional information | tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme that catalyzes two distinct reactions of melanin synthesis: the hydroxylation of tyrosine by monophenolase action and the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) to o-dopaquinone by diphenolase action | Neurospora crassa | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | additional information | tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme that catalyzes two distinct reactions of melanin synthesis: the hydroxylation of tyrosine by monophenolase action and the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) to o-dopaquinone by diphenolase action | Agaricus bisporus | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.10.3.1 | additional information | tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme that catalyzes two distinct reactions of melanin synthesis: the hydroxylation of tyrosine by monophenolase action and the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) to o-dopaquinone by diphenolase action | Streptomyces glaucescens | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 3,4,5-trihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + O2 | cytotoxicity of TOPA | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 3,4,5-trihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + O2 | i.e. TOPA | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | chlorogenic acid + O2 | formation of a highly reactive o-quinone intermediate which then can interact with NH2 groups of lysine, SCH3 groups of methionines and indole rings of tryptophan in nucleophilic addition and in polymerization reactions, the so-called browning and greening reactions | Beta vulgaris | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | chlorogenic acid + O2 | formation of a highly reactive o-quinone intermediate | Beta vulgaris | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | - |
Beta vulgaris | L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | - |
Neurospora crassa | L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | - |
Agaricus bisporus | L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | - |
Beta vulgaris | L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | o-dopaquinone is unstable in aqueous solution and rapidly suffers a non-enzymatic cyclization to leukodopachrome | ? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | - |
Homo sapiens | L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | o-dopaquinone is unstable in aqueous solution and rapidly suffers a non-enzymatic cyclization to leukodopachrome | ? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | - |
Neurospora crassa | L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | o-dopaquinone is unstable in aqueous solution and rapidly suffers a non-enzymatic cyclization to leukodopachrome | ? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | - |
Agaricus bisporus | L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | o-dopaquinone is unstable in aqueous solution and rapidly suffers a non-enzymatic cyclization to leukodopachrome | ? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens | L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | o-dopaquinone is unstable in aqueous solution and rapidly suffers a non-enzymatic cyclization to leukodopachrome | ? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 | pathway of melanin biosynthesis, detailed overview | Homo sapiens | L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O | cytotoxicity of L-DOPA | ? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | additional information | tyrosinase is known to be a key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, involved in determining the color of mammalian skin and hair, various dermatological disorders, such as melasma, age spots and sites of actinic damage, arise from the accumulation of an excessive level of epidermal pigmentation | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | additional information | tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme that catalyzes two distinct reactions of melanin synthesis: the hydroxylation of tyrosine by monophenolase action and the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) to o-dopaquinone by diphenolase action | Beta vulgaris | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | additional information | tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme that catalyzes two distinct reactions of melanin synthesis: the hydroxylation of tyrosine by monophenolase action and the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) to o-dopaquinone by diphenolase action | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | additional information | tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme that catalyzes two distinct reactions of melanin synthesis: the hydroxylation of tyrosine by monophenolase action and the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) to o-dopaquinone by diphenolase action | Neurospora crassa | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | additional information | tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme that catalyzes two distinct reactions of melanin synthesis: the hydroxylation of tyrosine by monophenolase action and the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) to o-dopaquinone by diphenolase action | Agaricus bisporus | ? | - |
? | |
| 1.14.18.1 | additional information | tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme that catalyzes two distinct reactions of melanin synthesis: the hydroxylation of tyrosine by monophenolase action and the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) to o-dopaquinone by diphenolase action | Streptomyces glaucescens | ? | - |
? | |
Subunits
| EC Number | Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.10.3.1 | monomer | 1 * 40000 | Beta vulgaris |
| 1.10.3.1 | monomer | 1 * 46000 | Neurospora crassa |
| 1.10.3.1 | monomer | 1 * 30900 | Streptomyces glaucescens |
| 1.10.3.1 | monomer | 1 * 66700 | Homo sapiens |
| 1.10.3.1 | tetramer | 2 * 134000 + 2 * 43000, alpha2beta2 subunit composition | Agaricus bisporus |
| 1.14.18.1 | monomer | 1 * 40000 | Beta vulgaris |
| 1.14.18.1 | monomer | 1 * 46000 | Neurospora crassa |
| 1.14.18.1 | monomer | 1 * 30900 | Streptomyces glaucescens |
| 1.14.18.1 | monomer | 1 * 66700 | Homo sapiens |
| 1.14.18.1 | tetramer | 2 * 134000 + 2 * 43000, alpha2beta2 subunit composition | Agaricus bisporus |
Synonyms
| EC Number | Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.10.3.1 | diphenolase | - |
Beta vulgaris |
| 1.10.3.1 | diphenolase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| 1.10.3.1 | diphenolase | - |
Neurospora crassa |
| 1.10.3.1 | diphenolase | - |
Agaricus bisporus |
| 1.10.3.1 | diphenolase | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens |
| 1.10.3.1 | tyrosinase | - |
Beta vulgaris |
| 1.10.3.1 | tyrosinase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| 1.10.3.1 | tyrosinase | - |
Neurospora crassa |
| 1.10.3.1 | tyrosinase | - |
Agaricus bisporus |
| 1.10.3.1 | tyrosinase | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens |
| 1.14.18.1 | monophenolase | - |
Beta vulgaris |
| 1.14.18.1 | monophenolase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| 1.14.18.1 | monophenolase | - |
Neurospora crassa |
| 1.14.18.1 | monophenolase | - |
Agaricus bisporus |
| 1.14.18.1 | monophenolase | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens |
| 1.14.18.1 | tyrosinase | - |
Beta vulgaris |
| 1.14.18.1 | tyrosinase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| 1.14.18.1 | tyrosinase | - |
Neurospora crassa |
| 1.14.18.1 | tyrosinase | - |
Agaricus bisporus |
| 1.14.18.1 | tyrosinase | - |
Streptomyces glaucescens |
Cofactor
| EC Number | Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.10.3.1 | additional information | if L-DOPA is an active cofactor, its formation as an intermediate during o-dopaquinone production is controversial | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.10.3.1 | additional information | if L-DOPA is an active cofactor, its formation as an intermediate during o-dopaquinone production is controversial | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.10.3.1 | additional information | if L-DOPA is an active cofactor, its formation as an intermediate during o-dopaquinone production is controversial | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.10.3.1 | additional information | if L-DOPA is an active cofactor, its formation as an intermediate during o-dopaquinone production is controversial | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.10.3.1 | additional information | if L-DOPA is an active cofactor, its formation as an intermediate during o-dopaquinone production is controversial | Streptomyces glaucescens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | additional information | if L-DOPA is an active cofactor, its formation as an intermediate during o-dopaquinone production is controversial | Beta vulgaris | |
| 1.14.18.1 | additional information | if L-DOPA is an active cofactor, its formation as an intermediate during o-dopaquinone production is controversial | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.14.18.1 | additional information | if L-DOPA is an active cofactor, its formation as an intermediate during o-dopaquinone production is controversial | Neurospora crassa | |
| 1.14.18.1 | additional information | if L-DOPA is an active cofactor, its formation as an intermediate during o-dopaquinone production is controversial | Agaricus bisporus | |
| 1.14.18.1 | additional information | if L-DOPA is an active cofactor, its formation as an intermediate during o-dopaquinone production is controversial | Streptomyces glaucescens |
IC50 Value
| EC Number | IC50 Value | IC50 Value Maximum | Comment | Organism | Inhibitor | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.004 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.004 mM | Beta vulgaris | glabridin | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.004 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.004 mM | Homo sapiens | glabridin | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.004 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.004 mM | Neurospora crassa | glabridin | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.004 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.004 mM | Agaricus bisporus | glabridin | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.004 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.004 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | glabridin | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.014 | - |
mixed-type, IC50: 0.014 mM | Beta vulgaris | kojic acid | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.014 | - |
mixed-type, IC50: 0.014 mM | Homo sapiens | kojic acid | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.014 | - |
mixed-type, IC50: 0.014 mM | Neurospora crassa | kojic acid | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.014 | - |
mixed-type, IC50: 0.014 mM | Agaricus bisporus | kojic acid | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.014 | - |
mixed-type, IC50: 0.014 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | kojic acid | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.047 | - |
mixed-type, IC50: 0.047 mM | Beta vulgaris | isoliquiritigenin | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.047 | - |
mixed-type, IC50: 0.047 mM | Neurospora crassa | isoliquiritigenin | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.047 | - |
mixed-type, IC50: 0.047 mM | Agaricus bisporus | isoliquiritigenin | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.047 | - |
mixed-type, IC50: 0.047 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | isoliquiritigenin | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.05 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.050 mM | Beta vulgaris | cuminaldehyde | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.05 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.050 mM | Homo sapiens | cuminaldehyde | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.05 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.050 mM | Neurospora crassa | cuminaldehyde | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.05 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.050 mM | Agaricus bisporus | cuminaldehyde | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.05 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.050 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | cuminaldehyde | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.19 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.190 mM | Beta vulgaris | luteolin | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.19 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.190 mM | Homo sapiens | luteolin | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.19 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.190 mM | Neurospora crassa | luteolin | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.19 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.190 mM | Agaricus bisporus | luteolin | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.19 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.190 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | luteolin | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.32 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.320 mM | Beta vulgaris | Anisaldehyde | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.32 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.320 mM | Homo sapiens | Anisaldehyde | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.32 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.320 mM | Neurospora crassa | Anisaldehyde | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.32 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.320 mM | Agaricus bisporus | Anisaldehyde | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.32 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.320 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | Anisaldehyde | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.5 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.500 mM | Beta vulgaris | luteolin 7-O-glucoside | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.5 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.500 mM | Homo sapiens | luteolin 7-O-glucoside | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.5 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.500 mM | Neurospora crassa | luteolin 7-O-glucoside | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.5 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.500 mM | Agaricus bisporus | luteolin 7-O-glucoside | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 0.5 | - |
noncompetitive, IC50: 0.500 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | luteolin 7-O-glucoside | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 2.32 | - |
competitive, IC50: 2.320 mM | Beta vulgaris | morin | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 7.6 | - |
mixed-type, IC50: 7.600 mM | Beta vulgaris | glabrene | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 7.6 | - |
mixed-type, IC50: 7.600 mM | Homo sapiens | glabrene | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 7.6 | - |
mixed-type, IC50: 7.600 mM | Neurospora crassa | glabrene | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 7.6 | - |
mixed-type, IC50: 7.600 mM | Agaricus bisporus | glabrene | |
| 1.10.3.1 | 7.6 | - |
mixed-type, IC50: 7.600 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | glabrene | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.017 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.017 mM | Beta vulgaris | davanol | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.017 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.017 mM | Homo sapiens | davanol | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.017 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.017 mM | Neurospora crassa | davanol | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.017 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.017 mM | Agaricus bisporus | davanol | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.017 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.017 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | davanol | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.034 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.034 mM | Beta vulgaris | dillapiole | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.034 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.034 mM | Homo sapiens | dillapiole | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.034 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.034 mM | Neurospora crassa | dillapiole | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.034 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.034 mM | Agaricus bisporus | dillapiole | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.034 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.034 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | dillapiole | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.035 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.035 mM | Beta vulgaris | 3-cymene | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.035 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.035 mM | Homo sapiens | 3-cymene | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.035 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.035 mM | Neurospora crassa | 3-cymene | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.035 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.035 mM | Agaricus bisporus | 3-cymene | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.035 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.035 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | 3-cymene | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.07 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.070 mM | Beta vulgaris | quercetin | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.07 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.070 mM | Homo sapiens | quercetin | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.07 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.070 mM | Neurospora crassa | quercetin | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.07 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.070 mM | Agaricus bisporus | quercetin | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.07 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.070 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | quercetin | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.23 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.230 mM | Neurospora crassa | kaempferol | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.23 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.230 mM | Agaricus bisporus | kaempferol | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 0.23 | - |
competitive, IC50: 0.230 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | kaempferol | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 2.32 | - |
competitive, IC50: 2.320 mM | Beta vulgaris | morin | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 2.32 | - |
competitive, IC50: 2.320 mM | Homo sapiens | morin | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 2.32 | - |
competitive, IC50: 2.320 mM | Neurospora crassa | morin | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 2.32 | - |
competitive, IC50: 2.320 mM | Agaricus bisporus | morin | |
| 1.14.18.1 | 2.32 | - |
competitive, IC50: 2.320 mM | Streptomyces glaucescens | morin | |
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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
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