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Literature summary extracted from

  • Kang, E.S.; Kim, H.J.; Paek, K.S.; Jang, H.S.; Chang, K.C.; Lee, J.H.; Nishinaka, T.; Yabe-Nishimura, C.; Seo, H.G.
    Phorbol ester up-regulates aldose reductase expression in A549 cells: a potential role for aldose reductase in cell cycle modulation (2005), Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 62, 1146-1155.
    View publication on PubMed

Activating Compound

EC Number Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.21 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate i.e. TPA, induces enzyme expression in A-549 cells and increases the enzyme activity, TPA is a potent tumor promoter, TPA-induced increase in mRNA level and promoter activity of the AR gene is significantly attenuated in the presence of inhibitors of protein kinase C, tyrosine kinase, or nuclear kinase and NF- kB, cycloheximide, actinomycin D, bisindolylmaleimide I, and genistein abolish enzyme induction by TPA Homo sapiens

Application

EC Number Application Comment Organism
1.1.1.21 medicine inhibition of AR may assist in the chemotherapy of malignant tumors by suppressing the rapid growth of cancer cells Homo sapiens

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.21 ethyl 1-benzyl-3-hydroxy-2(5H)-oxopyrrole-4-carboxylate an AR inhibitor, abolishes the accumulation of TPA-treated cells in S phase was almost completely Homo sapiens

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.21 DL-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+ Homo sapiens
-
 glycerol + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.21 additional information Homo sapiens the enzyme may serve as an extrahepatic detoxification enzyme against endogenous and xenobiotic aldehydes in various tissues or cells ?
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.1.1.21 Homo sapiens
-
-
-

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
1.1.1.21 A-549 cell lung adenocarcinoma cell line Homo sapiens
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.21 DL-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
 Homo sapiens glycerol + NADP+
-
 ?
1.1.1.21 additional information the enzyme may serve as an extrahepatic detoxification enzyme against endogenous and xenobiotic aldehydes in various tissues or cells Homo sapiens ?
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.1.1.21 aldose reductase
-
 Homo sapiens
1.1.1.21 AR
-
 Homo sapiens
1.1.1.21 More the enzyme belongs to the NADPH-dependent aldo-keot reductase family Homo sapiens

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
1.1.1.21 6.2
-
 assay at Homo sapiens

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.21 NADPH
-
 Homo sapiens