Literature summary extracted from

Moschini, R.; Marini, I.; Malerba, M.; Cappiello, M.; Del Corso, A.; Mura, U.
Chaperone-like activity of alpha-crystallin toward aldose reductase oxidatively stressed by copper ion (2006), Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 453, 13-17.

General Stability

EC Number	General Stability	Organism
1.1.1.21	alpha-crystallin stabilizes the enzyme with higher efficiency at 37°C compared to 25°C	Bos taurus

Inhibitors

EC Number	Inhibitors	Comment	Organism	Structure
1.1.1.21	Cu2+	oxidative inactivation of ALR2, ratio Cu2+ to enzyme of 2:1, precipitation of the enzyme occurs at higher Cu2+ concentration, alpha-crystallin stabilizes the enzyme and protects against inactivation and precipitation by Cu2+ with higher efficiency at 37°C compared to 25°C, overview	Bos taurus

Organism

EC Number	Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
1.1.1.21	Bos taurus	-	-	-

Source Tissue

EC Number	Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
1.1.1.21	lens	-	Bos taurus	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number	Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
1.1.1.21	DL-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+	-	Bos taurus	glycerol + NADP+	-	?

Synonyms

EC Number	Synonyms	Comment	Organism
1.1.1.21	aldose reductase	-	Bos taurus
1.1.1.21	ALR2	-	Bos taurus

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number	Temperature Optimum [°C]	Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C]	Comment	Organism
1.1.1.21	37	-	assay at	Bos taurus

pH Optimum

EC Number	pH Optimum Minimum	pH Optimum Maximum	Comment	Organism
1.1.1.21	7	-	assay at	Bos taurus

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)