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Literature summary extracted from

  • Bouwmeester, H.J.; Gershenzon, J.; Konings, M.C.J.M.; Croteau, R.
    Biosynthesis of the monoterpenes limonene and carvone in the fruit of caraway. I. Demonstration of enzyme activities and their changes with development (1998), Plant Physiol., 117, 901-912.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
1.1.1.275 cytosol
-
 Carum carvi 5829
-
4.2.3.20 soluble
-
 Carum carvi
-
-

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
4.2.3.20 additional information divalent metal ion required, probably Mn2+ Carum carvi

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.275 (+)-trans-carveol + NAD+ Carum carvi enzyme catalyses the final step of (+)-carvone biosynthesis, which is developmentally regulated, key enzyme of the pathway is limonene-6-hydroxylase (+)-carvone + NADH
-
 ?
1.14.14.53 (+)-limonene + NADPH + H+ + O2 Carum carvi intermediate in biosynthesis of (+)-carvone (+)-trans-carveol + NADP+ + H2O
-
 ?
4.2.3.20 geranyl diphosphate Carum carvi
-
 (+)-(R)-limonene + diphosphate
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.1.1.275 Carum carvi
-
 var. Karzo
-
1.14.14.53 Carum carvi
-
 var Karzo, annual caraway, var Beija, biennial caraway
-
4.2.3.20 Carum carvi
-
-
-

Reaction

EC Number Reaction Comment Organism Reaction ID
4.2.3.20 geranyl diphosphate = (R)-limonene + diphosphate forms the first step of carvone biosynthesis in caraway Carum carvi
a

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
1.1.1.275 fruit
-
 Carum carvi
-
1.1.1.275 additional information developmental regulation, overview Carum carvi
-
1.14.14.53 fruit
-
 Carum carvi
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.275 (+)-trans-carveol + NAD+ best substrate Carum carvi (+)-carvone + NADH
-
 ?
1.1.1.275 (+)-trans-carveol + NAD+ stereospecificity Carum carvi (+)-carvone + NADH
-
 ?
1.1.1.275 (+)-trans-carveol + NAD+ enzyme catalyses the final step of (+)-carvone biosynthesis, which is developmentally regulated, key enzyme of the pathway is limonene-6-hydroxylase Carum carvi (+)-carvone + NADH
-
 ?
1.1.1.275 (-)-cis-carveol + NAD+ 65% activity compared to (+)/(-)-trans-carveol Carum carvi (-)-carvone + NADH
-
 ?
1.1.1.275 (-)-trans-carveol + NAD+ 5% activity compared to (+)/(-)-trans-carveol Carum carvi ?
-
 ?
1.1.1.275 (-)-trans-carveol + NAD+ product identification not possible, below detection limit of GC-MS Carum carvi ?
-
 ?
1.1.1.275 (-)/(+)-cis-carveol + NAD+
-
 Carum carvi (-)-carvone + NADH
-
 ?
1.14.14.53 (+)-limonene + NADPH + H+ + O2 high regio- and stereospecificity, requiring NADPH Carum carvi (+)-trans-carveol + NADP+ + H2O 97% of total product, 2.5% (-)-trans-carveol, 0.5% (-)-cis-carveol ?
1.14.14.53 (+)-limonene + NADPH + H+ + O2 intermediate in biosynthesis of (+)-carvone Carum carvi (+)-trans-carveol + NADP+ + H2O
-
 ?
1.14.14.53 (-)-limonene + NADPH + H+ + O2 hydroxylation at 10% the rate of (+)-limonene Carum carvi (-)-cis-carveol + NADP+ + H2O
-
 ?
4.2.3.20 geranyl diphosphate
-
 Carum carvi (+)-(R)-limonene + diphosphate
-
 ?
4.2.3.20 geranyl diphosphate
-
 Carum carvi (+)-(R)-limonene + diphosphate high stereoselectivity, 98.4% of (+)-product ?

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.1.1.275 30
-
 assay at Carum carvi
1.14.14.53 30
-
 assay at Carum carvi

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
1.1.1.275 10
-
 about Carum carvi
4.2.3.20 7.5
-
-
 Carum carvi

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.275 NAD+ absolutely dependent on, NADP+ cannot substitute for NAD+ and cannot act synergistically Carum carvi
1.14.14.53 NADP+
-
 Carum carvi