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Literature summary for 5.1.3.7 extracted from

  • Wen, Y.; Qin, J.; Deng, Y.; Wang, H.; Magdalou, J.; Chen, L.
    The critical role of UDP-galactose-4-epimerase in osteoarthritis modulating proteoglycans synthesis of the articular chondrocytes (2014), Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 452, 906-911 .
    View publication on PubMed
Search for more literature for 5.1.3.7

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
gene GALE, real-time quantitative PCR expression analysis in chondrocytes Homo sapiens

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information silencing gene GALE with specific siRNAs in human chondrocytes Homo sapiens

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
UDP-glucose Homo sapiens
-
 UDP-galactose
-
 r
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine Homo sapiens
-
 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
-
 r

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Homo sapiens Q14376
-
-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
cartilage from the knee joints Homo sapiens
-
chondrocyte
-
 Homo sapiens
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
UDP-glucose
-
 Homo sapiens UDP-galactose
-
 r
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
-
 Homo sapiens UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
-
 r

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
Galactowaldenase
-
 Homo sapiens
GalE
-
 Homo sapiens
More cf. EC 5.1.3.2 Homo sapiens
UDP-galactose-4-epimerase
-
 Homo sapiens

Expression

Organism Comment Expression
Homo sapiens GALE mRNA expression is stimulated by interleukin-1beta in early phase, but suppressed in late phase, while the suppression of GALE expression induced by interleukin-1beta is mainly mediated by stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. Both SAP/JNK inhibitor SP600125 and p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 attenuate the suppression of interleukin-1beta on GAG synthesis and GALE mRNA expression of chondrocyte down
Homo sapiens GALE mRNA expression is stimulated by interleukin-1beta in early phase, but suppressed in late phase, while the suppression of GALE expression induced by interleukin-1beta is mainly mediated by stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway up

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
malfunction silencing GALE gene with specific siRNAs results in a markedly inhibition of proteoglycans (PGs)synthesis in human articular chondrocytes. GALE protein levels are also decreased in both human osteoarthritis cartilage, thus leading to losses of PGs contents. GALE inhibition might contribute to osteoarthritis progress. Mutations of gene GALE in humans results in an inherited metabolic disease, the type III galactosemia Homo sapiens
physiological function UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE) is a key enzyme catalyzing the interconversion of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose, as well as UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, which are all precursors for the proteoglycans (PGs) synthesis. Role of GALE in PGs synthesis of human articular chondrocytes, the GALE expression in osteoarthritis, and the regulation of GALE expression by interleukin-1beta, overview. GALE mRNA expression is stimulated by interleukin-1beta in early phase, but suppressed in late phase, while the suppression of GALE expression induced by interleukin-1beta is mainly mediated by stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. Both SAP/JNK inhibitor SP600125 and p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 attenuate the suppression of interleukin-1beta on GAG synthesis and GALE mRNA expression of chondrocyte. Critical role of GALE in maintaining cartilage homeostasis Homo sapiens